经济较发达地区农村空巢老人的养老问题——以浙江农村为例

本文通过对现阶段浙江农村空巢家庭类型及成因的分析,比较了农村空巢家庭与传统同已婚子女一起生活老年人生活质量的差异,认为空巢老人家庭生活质量不仅低于农村人口的平均生活水平,也低于传统同子女一起生活的老人,并对如何解决农村养老问题提出了对策建议。     

浙江省迁入女性人口婚姻生育调查

改革开放以来,随着农村商品经济的发展,浙江省人口迁移流动十分活跃。在迁移流动行列中出现了一个引人注目的迁移人群——外省婚迁女性,数量很大。她们给浙江省人口的婚姻、生育等方面带来了很大影响。 一、迁入浙江女性人群的现状与特点 外省籍女性迁入浙江的婚姻迁移,是指外省女性以婚嫁方式、以在浙江农村择偶落户为目的而进行的迁移。改革开放以前,这     

特大城市中的农村流动人口

几年来随着整个国民经济的飞速发展,“对外开放,对内搞活”经济政策的不断深入,城市人口问题出现了新的动向,突出表现在流动人口与日俱增。尤为令人注目的是,农村人口不断涌入城市,从事各种社会、经济活动,活跃了城市经济,加快了城市经济改革的步伐。本文依据1986年8月27日的《上海市区流动人口调查》数据,对来自江苏、浙江农村及上海郊县的流动人口作初步的比较分析,对特大城市中农村人口的活动特点略抒初浅之见。     

从浙江农村老年人经济供养方式的变化看我国农村养老保障的发展态势

从浙江农村老年人经济供养方式的变化看我国农村养老保障的发展态势王先益人们对我同农村传统家庭养老模式的重新认识主要源于以下几方面的因素：农村人口家庭规拟Ｚ和缩小，老年人家庭增多，近年来我国农村一些地区赡养纠纷案件呈增长的趋势，老年人供养问题日渐突出；传...     

大力深化新家庭计划活动 进一步探索综合治理人口问题的工作机制

衢州位于浙江西部，城市化水平较低，农村人口比重大，经济欠发达。近年来，根据全省计划生育综合改革工作部署，结合衢州市多年来形成的工作特色和经验，我们在努力抓好各项工作的同时，着重在大力深化新家庭计划活动，努力建立综合治理人口问题的工作机制方面作了一些探索。     

人口流动对农村人口老龄化的影响研究——基于“五普”和“六普”数据分析

我国农村人口老龄化程度和提高的速度全面超越了城市,这与当前的人口城市化进程密切相关。人口流动的年龄选择性,使得农村流出人口平均年龄和老年人口比例都远低于农村人口整体水平。流动人口内部在不断地"更新",年轻的流动人口不断替代年老的流动人口,从而保持较年轻的年龄结构,这种人口流动的年龄选择性加速了农村人口老龄化。通过人口老龄化模型的进一步分析发现,在2000～2010年间,农村人口自然老化速度基本保持稳定。而随着农村流动人口的增加,其对农村人口老龄化速度的影响从2000～2005年间的0.031岁/年增加到2006～2010年间的0.07岁/年;农村流出人口对农村人口平均年龄增加的贡献也从8.04%上升到16.91%,人口流动已成为农村人口老龄化的重要推动力。从人口流动的角度,需要关注农村留守老人的照料问题,进一步完善农村社会保障体系以及解决如何让流动人口在城市沉淀下来等问题。     

中国乡城人口流动与城镇出生人口性别比——基于“五普”数据的分析

本文利用中国第五次人口普查1‰抽样数据,以城镇区域人口为重点,定量分析了农村人口流动对城镇地区人口出生性别比,以及农村流入城镇人口子女性别的影响。研究发现,中国农村未流动人口、农村流入城镇人口和城镇非农村流入人口的出生性别比均偏离了出生性别比的正常水平,农村人口流动影响了城镇地区生育性别,农村流入城镇人口相对较强的男孩偏好观念加剧了城镇地区出生性别比偏高。     

人口迁移如何影响农村贫困

人口迁移能消除农村贫困,但在某种情况下,也会加剧农村贫困。当迁移人口向农村的人均汇款大于迁移人口在农村的边际产出时,人口迁移将消除或改善农村贫困;相反,当迁移人口的人均汇款小于迁移人口在农村的边际产出时,人口迁移恶化农村贫困。当前中国农村的人口迁移在整体上是在消除农村贫困,但局部地区开始出现人口迁移恶化农村贫困的现象。     

农民高生育意愿及解决对策

人口问题是关系到社会经济发展全局的重要问题,严格控制人口是实现我国第二步战略目标必不可少的重要条件。中国的人口问题说到底实际上是农村人口问题。农村人口占我国人口的80％,计划生育的重点和难点均在农村。能否搞好农村的人口控制工作,对于完成九十年代人口控制目标具有十分重要的意义。本文结合对山西农村的实际调查,对农民的高生育意愿和解决对策作些探讨。     

贫困地区农村人口控制问题及对策

我国实行计划生育的重点在农村。目前,全国农村人口已达9亿多,占全国人口的80％左右,农村育龄妇女近3亿人。农村人口能否控制住,对全国人口的发展起着决定性的作用。如何搞好贫困地区农村人口控制是一个重大课题。因此,对贫困地     

Population quality must be improved to carry out the strategic goal of economic construction]

The poor population quality (quality of life of the population as a whole) of Zhejiang Province in southeast China and the imperative need for its improvement are the subject of this report. Its 40 million inhabitants have a life expectancy of 69 years. For every 1000 people there is only 1 doctor and 1.7 hospital beds. These figures are lower for all the other southeastern provinces. According to the 1982 census, there are 47 college graduates, 517 high school graduates, and 1779 middle school graduates for every 10,000 people. The quality of life of the population can be improved through increased productivity because there is a direct relationship between the 2. Although China already enjoys a high level of productivity, it is up to the government to concentrate its efforts on the quality of productivity through reform. China's political structure, its rules, regulations and conventions have contributed to making the economy backward. A substantial change within the social system is imperative to put China's economy on a more progressive footing. Moreover, efforts in family planning must continue. The current population growth rate is not commensurate with the economic growth rate. As population control and population quality are interrelated, a smaller population would mean a higher standard of living. The report concludes that in order to fulfill the strategic goal of economic construction quality is a task that cannot be postponed, since it concerns Zhejiang Province's economic projections, as well as the quality of the new labor force that will be in place by then.     

浙江省老年劳动力资源的现状分析和开发策略

本文通过对浙江省老年劳动力资源数量、质量、就业等方面的现状和未来发展趋势的分析, 指出其开发利用的必要性和重要性,并结合老年劳动力的特点, 提出了其开发利用的策略方针。本文旨在引起全社会各界的重视,适时作好老年劳动力资源的开发利用工作。     

城市反贫困与贫困群体的能力建设

我国城市贫困问题日益突出,虽然国家的反贫困斗争取得了较大成就,但贫困人口数量依然不断增加,而且有劳动能力的贫困人口新增为城市贫困的主体。其原因在于目前的反贫困在理念上重视物质、收入等方面的救济,忽视贫困群体的能力建设和精神脱贫,在反贫困主体上缺乏整合,反贫困政策不成熟等。因此,应将贫困人口视作反贫困的主体,鼓励贫困群体在精神上脱贫,激发其就业意愿,增强贫困群体的就业能力,并努力创造就业机会,以此从根本上获得城市反贫困的胜利。     

A Different Perspective on Poverty in Lao PDR: Multidimensional Poverty in Lao PDR for the Years 2002/2003 and 2007/2008

This paper presents an indicator for measuring multidimensional poverty in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic applying the Alkire–Foster methodology to the Lao Expenditure and Consumption Survey 2002/2003 and 2007/2008. We calculated a multidimensional poverty index (MPI) that includes three dimensions: education, health, and standard of living. Making use of the MPI’s decomposability, we analyse how much each of the different dimensions and its respective indicators contribute to the overall MPI. We find a marked reduction in the multidimensional poverty headcount ratio over the study period, regardless of how the indicators are weighted or how the deprivation and poverty cut-offs are set. This reduction is based on improvements regarding all indicators except cooking fuel and nutrition. We observe no significant reduction in the intensity of poverty, however; there are wide disparities between the country’s regions and between urban and rural areas. The proportion of poor people in rural areas is more than twice as high as that in urban areas. By complementing the traditional income-based poverty measure, we hope to provide useful information that can support knowledge-based decision-making for poverty alleviation.     

Construction,Robustness Assessment and Application of an Index of Perceived Level of Socio-Economic Threat from Immigrants: A Study of 47 European Countries and Regions

The focus of psychological studies of poverty is usually on the psychological outcomes, causal attributions and the personality characteristics of the poor. Different from previous psychological accounts, the present study considered poverty as a group level phenomenon in the frame of Social Identity Theory, addressing the question of how poor people deal with the negative poor identity. In order to explore which of the three identity management strategies suggested by SIT (so-called individual mobility, social creativity and collective effort) would most likely be adopted by the poor to deal with the negative poor identity, a semi-structured interview study (N = 50) and a survey study (N = 170) were conducted of a sample of Turkish adults living below the poverty line, based on data from a 2011 Report of Confederation of Turkish Trade Unions (TURK-IS, 2011). The analysis of the interviews showed that when people see group boundaries as permeable and the social structure as unstable, they tend to move into higher status groups, even if they perceive the unequal social structure to be illegitimate. On the other hand, when the social structure is perceived as stable, they tend to use creative strategies. The analysis of the survey data mostly confirmed the proposed model, which suggests that a poor identity leads poor people to endorse one of the three identity management strategies through the perceptions of permeability between the poor and the wealthy, and through the perceptions of stability and illegitimacy of the status relations between the poor and the wealthy group.     

消解与重构：欠发达区域农村贫困老人生活状态分析——以安徽省S县D村调查为例

农村贫困老年人作为现代社会一个传统的弱势群体,一直处于边缘化的社会位置。随着农村社会转型过程的加剧,该群体的贫困深度和范围均呈现扩大化趋势。本文基于社会排斥视角,探析农村老年人贫困根源,构造弱化老年人遭遇排斥力度和向度的路径选择,对于提高农村贫困老年人的社会保障水平,构建新农村有着重要的现实和理论意义。     

Determinants of Poverty and Their Variation Across the Poverty Spectrum: Evidence from Hong Kong,a High-Income Society with a High Poverty Level

This study aims to investigate into the determinants of poverty in Hong Kong. Previous research on poverty, which usually adopted a logistic regression model to examine individuals’ probabilities of being poor, could not adequately reveal the heterogeneity in experiences among people across the poverty spectrum, therefore has limited policy effort to address diverse needs of individuals struggling with poverty. In the present study, this concern is addressed by using a quantile regression model to examine the differential effects of the determinants of poverty across the poverty spectrum. Data were drawn from the Hong Kong Panel Survey for Poverty Alleviation (n?=?1668). Logistic regression indicated that being elderly, being female, not having a partner, from a single-parent household, not being employed, living in public rental housing, have lower educational attainment, and have poor self-rated health, increased the probability of being poor. Informational support was a protective factor of poverty, while several negative life events, such as having family member(s) with disabilities/chronic diseases and having financial burden, were risk factors of poverty. Quantile regression analysis was adopted to further examine the extent to which determinants of poverty unfold across poverty spectrum, which was captured by five groups of “extremely poor”, “deeply poor”, “at the poverty line”, “near poverty” and “marginally poor”. Quantile regression indicated that people living across the poverty spectrum were similarly affected by not having a partner, living in single-parent households and not working. However, extremely poor and deeply poor were more adversely affected by old age than those near poverty and marginally poor. It is also discovered that public rental housing buffered the poverty risks more in those who lived in deep poverty than those who were near poverty and marginally poor. University education protected the near poverty and marginally poor to a larger extent than those who were extremely poor and deeply poor. Information support also buffered the poverty risks, and people living across the poverty spectrum were equally benefited from it.

     

完善我国农村医疗救助制度的思考

贫困人口医疗救助制度是我国农村医疗保障制度的组成部分,有必要对我国农村贫困人口实施医疗救助制度,要正确处理好农村贫困人口医疗救助制度与新型农村合作医疗制度的关系。福利经济学、凯恩斯经济理论和剑桥学派的社会救助思想是我国农村医疗救助制度的理论基础。我国农村贫困人口医疗救助制度处于初级发展阶段,需要确立政府在医疗救助中的主体地位,扩大农村大病医疗救助的范围,建立社会救助机构和基金,完善医疗救助政策法规体系。     

青年人口迁出对农村婚姻的影响

我国当前农村青年外流对地区婚姻问题和自身婚姻的影响主要表现在三个方面:一是对自身婚配的影响,一些大龄未婚农村外流青年择偶难;二是贫困地区女青年婚姻迁移导致当地男性青年成婚困难;三是农村已婚青年流动对婚姻稳定性产生影响。针对农村青年外流带来的婚姻问题,要关心大龄未婚打工仔和打工女的婚姻问题;要关注农村单亲家庭中的孩子;要关注婚姻迁移导致的贫困农村地区“弱势累积”问题。     

Classification of Poverty Condition Using Natural Language Processing

Social Indicators Research - This work introduces a methodology to classify between poor and extremely poor people through Natural Language Processing. The approach serves as a baseline to...