二十一世纪的日本社会生活预测

15年前,一台台式电子计算机价值50多万日元,而现在只要数千日元就可买到更加先进的台式计算机.18年前,用一辆轿车的价钱可以买回国际名版画家长谷川先生20幅名画,然而现在,恐怕连一幅也买不回来了.由此可见,科学技术的进步是十分惊人的,这说明技术与人类高级精神生活之间的辩证关系.     

单身社会——二十一世纪的新走向

虽然人们仍不断地产生恋情,却有愈来愈多的人对婚姻望而止步。前不久,美国人口调查局在全国范围内进行了一次综合调查统计,结果显示:目前美国的单身人口比例正在迅速上升。不管是男人还是女人,第一次结婚的年龄都已提高。现在美国妇女的初婚年龄是23.4岁,这是自十九世纪以来政府统计数字中的最高点;男子的初婚年龄是25.6岁,也是本世纪以来的最高纪录。离婚率也达到空前的纪录,为37.2%,而且很多离婚夫妇都表示,不想重新组建家庭,抱独身主义的男女数目之庞大则是前所未有的。     

迈向二十一世纪：经济发展与人文、社会发展

迈向二十一世纪：经济发展与人文、社会发展王雅林本文认为，现代化是以工业化为核心的全方位的社会转型过程。从这样的理念出发，在现代化过程中如何处理好经济发展同人文、社会发展的关系，是关系到现代化能否健康发展的重大问题。作者把中国现代化的具体涵义和任务概括...     

中国哲学与二十一世纪

中国哲学与二十一世纪张岱年冈田武彦９０年代初,我在日本九州大学学习期间,冈田武彦先生曾跟我谈起他生平的最后两件大事,一件是到中国江西、两广等地实地考察王阳明遗迹;另一件就是与北京大学教授、中国哲学史学会名誉会长张岱年先生就中国哲学与二十一世纪这一前瞻...     

社会需要它:社会学

一门与社会发展有密切联系、在全世界已经发展了一百多年的学科,在1952年的中国被扣上“资产阶级伪科学”的帽子,被打入了冷宫;二十七年以后,在党的十一届三中全会的春风吹拂下,复甦了,恢复了,发展了——这就是社会学。我国的社会学恢复至今,已经整整十个年头。十年来,神州大地出现了翻天覆地的变化,社会学也得到了相应的发展。如今,在中国社会学恢复十年的时候,结合我国十年来的改革、开放,结合1989年的政治风云,作一番回顾和总结,以求今后更加健康地发展,实在是十分必要的。     

社会公正与经济成就

社会公正与经济成就〔法〕Ｒ．布瓦耶何谓社会公正？继Ａ．森之后，经济学家仍认为公正观念乃广泛开展的最大限度地发展社会福利的社会活动之一。有关方面的专题论著主要阐述了以下四种观点：１，所谓公正就是应该尽可能地符合公众利益，即满足个人意愿。但人的意愿不一，...     

科教兴国与可持续发展:中国走向二十一世纪的两大战略

贯穿世纪之交中国发展的两大国家战略是科教兴国与可持续发展。本文以邓小平的有关思想为指导,对深入理解科教兴国和可持续发展的理论内涵及两大战略的相互关系作了论述。文章强调中国的可持续发展应该包括“理性发展、三位一体、以人为本、能力建设”四个方面的思想观点,强调要从物质功能、精神功能、生态功能的结合上全面理解科教兴国对于中国发展的意义。在此基础上文章指出,实施可持续发展与科教兴国两大相辅相成的治国方略,是要建立两个互相促进的发展系统（发展水平系统和能力支撑系统）,从而在新的高度上推进中国经济社会的全面协调发展。     

环境社会学:关于21世纪的范型

环境社会学：关于２１世纪的范型〔美〕Ｒ．格拉姆林；Ｗ．Ｒ．弗罗伊登伯格本文的中心论题是：对环境变量和社会、技术、环境的相互关系的社会学关注正在进入一个新的时期，也就是环境社会学的新时期，这一时期的研究对于产生于７０－８０年代的环境社会学的重要进展既要...     

21世纪初的航天科技与新军事变革

2006年1月11日,清华大学国际问题研究所举行了“航天科技与新军事变革”专题研讨会。出席会议的特邀嘉宾有:中国国际战略学会特邀研究员武桂馥、第二炮兵军研部研究员杨承军、北京航空航天大学战略问题研究中心主任王湘穗。会议集中讨论了新军事变革在太空领域的发展、美日有关     

New Agendas for Social Policy and Criminology: Globalization, Urbanism and the EmergingPost-Social Security State

The subjects of social policy and criminology have long been concerned with the criminalization and regulation of the poor. The premise of this paper is that in recent years new forms of criminalization and regulation have emerged that various authors, from both disciplines, have begun to theorize. The paper aims to contribute to this growing literature by bringing together diverse themes that deserve to be extensively discussed in conjunction with one another. These are: first, globalization; second, the changing nature of the state; third, the reorganization of space and time, especially at the urban level. It proceeds through examinations of some of the recent work of Jock Young, David Garland, Ramesh Mishra, Peter Taylor-Gooby and Zygmunt Bauman. It concludes that theoretical and empirical research should analyse the reorganization of space and time which is being effected by the "post-social security state" and it is this which constitutes the new agenda for social policy and criminology.     

Group Work and Social Justice: Designing Pedagogy for Social Change

In this article the authors explore the gap between education and action in putting the social work core value of social justice into practice. Describing how their School of Social Work has taken up this challenge, the authors analyze how a new social action course helps bridge this gap and draw on student reflection on their experiences and assignments in the course to show how students concretize and interiorize the meaning of social action and social justice. Learning by doing social action through a case study, group work becomes the vehicle through which students act on social issues and work for social change.     

社会学与社会建构论

本文主要论及社会建构论的基本观点 ,对众多西方社会学家的有关论点作了评述。与此同时 ,文章还涉及到后实证主义、常人方法学、科学知识社会学乃至社会学的相关理论     

Social Justice and the Reform of Social Security

There have been massive increases over the years in expenditure on the public services loosely grouped together as the “welfare state”, but widespread dissatisfaction persists. This article is a critique of the proposals for reform presented in the Report of the Commission on Social Justice, set up by the late John Smith. The report contains a sweeping condemnation of existing arrangements and puts forward a series of recommendations ranging from the health service to decentralization in government and from employment policy to benefits for the elderly. As was perhaps inevitable, some are more precisely presented than others. An important example of the more fully specified proposals is one to establish what would, in effect, be a means-tested “pension guarantee”but with “means”so defined as to exclude capital and with much improved “disregards”. Another is the endorsement of the proposals to extend social insurance to part-time workers—a proposal which raises some controversial issues. There is much in this report that deserves close attention, and it is, therefore, all the more unfortunate that its proposals are not presented in the form of a quantified plan for social policy. Even for the first five years or so of the fifteen the Commission has in mind, there is no attempt at quantification. The importance of economic growth is rightly stressed, but “faster growth”can become a panacea that obscures the need for choice, not only between private and public expenditure but also between the various components of public policy itself.     

Social Work and the Sociology of Knowledge

John Paley. Department of Social Policy, School of Policy Studies, Cranfield Institute of Technology, Cranfield, Bedford MK43 0AL. Summary The research literature on social workers' use of theory suggeststhat social work, conceived as a form of knowledge in action,is amenable to a sociology of knowledge approach. This papertries to illustrate the relevant parallels, and uses both empiricaland philosophical themes in the recent sociology of scienceto identify a strategy for social work research.     

Exploring Social Justice for Clinical Social Work Practice

This article explores social work practitioners' understanding of social justice and how understanding facilitates or impedes the pursuit of social justice within the practice field of mental health. Existing confusion and ambiguity regarding what social justice is poses a barrier to social justice pursuits. Analysis of qualitative interview data from practitioners resulted in a multidimensional conceptualization of social justice as social systems, resources, and transformative respect. Clinical social workers in the field of mental health with an enhanced understanding of social justice may be better prepared to meet the profession's social justice aims.     

Probation and Social Justice

Correspondence to: David Smith, Department of Applied Social Science, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YL, UK. E-mail: d.b.smith{at}lancaster.ac.uk or Maurice Vanstone, Centre for Criminal Justice and Criminology, University of Wales Swansea, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, Wales, UK. E-mail: m.vanstone{at}swansea.ac.uk Summary The paper considers the past and potential contribution to socialjustice of the probation service in England and Wales, withinthe context of the service's complex origins and tradition,in which humanitarian and disciplinary concerns have long co-existed.The paper explores the service's connections with processesof categorization and governance of the dangerous, and its alignmentwith the ‘psy’ disciplines in developing its claimsto professional expertise. The implications of the recent reassertionof the centrality of psychological understandings of offendingand its prevention, in the form of cognitive-behavioural programmes,are discussed, and the circumstances in which the movement for‘effective practice’ can and cannot contribute tosocial justice are discussed. The paper then explains the groundsfor believing that a concern with social justice entails a commitmentto crime prevention at a level beyond that of direct work withknown offenders, and explores the potential of restorative justiceas a means of achieving a reintegrative and participatory approachto community safety. The paper concludes with a discussion ofthe service's successes and failures in anti-discriminatorypractice, and the feasibility of a social justice agenda inthe current policy context.