顾客依赖及其对顾客参与新产品开发的影响

为了降低新产品开发的风险,企业越来越强调让顾客参与到新产品开发的过程中.以B2B市场为背景,基于企业的视角,以制度经济学中的依赖理论为基础,探讨组织市场中顾客参与新产品开发的动因,通过问卷调查法初步研究顾客依赖的影响因素及其对顾客参与新产品开发的影响.研究结果表明,在B2B市场中,环境的不确定性和交易专项投资对顾客依赖产生正向的影响,顾客依赖对顾客参与新产品开发具有正向影响,信任对顾客依赖与顾客参与新产品开发的关系有正向调节作用.最后,提出相关的营销建议.     

Theories of Learning in Games and Heterogeneity Bias

Comparisons of learning models in repeated games have been a central preoccupation of experimental and behavioral economics over the last decade. Much of this work begins with pooled estimation of the model(s) under scrutiny. I show that in the presence of parameter heterogeneity, pooled estimation can produce a severe bias that tends to unduly favor reinforcement learning relative to belief learning. This occurs when comparisons are based on goodness of fit and when comparisons are based on the relative importance of the two kinds of learning in hybrid structural models. Even misspecified random parameter estimators can greatly reduce the bias relative to pooled estimation.     

Why Youths Drop out of High School: The Impact of Preferences,Opportunities, and Abilities

In this paper, we develop and structurally estimate a sequential model of high school attendance and work decisions. The model's estimates imply that youths who drop out of high school have different traits than those who graduate—they have lower school ability and/or motivation, they have lower expectations about the rewards from graduation, they have a comparative advantage at jobs that are done by nongraduates, and they place a higher value on leisure and have a lower consumption value of school attendance. We also found that working while in school reduces school performance. However, policy experiments based on the model's estimates indicate that even the most restrictive prohibition on working while attending high school would have only a limited impact on the high school graduation rates of white males.     

Distributions of Total Job Tenure for Men and Women in Selected Industries and Occupations in the United States, February 1996

This article develops and fits probability distributions for the variability in projected (total) job tenure for adult men and women in 31 industries and 22 occupations based on data reported by the U.S. Department of Labor's Bureau of Labor Statistics. It extends previously published results and updates those results from January 1987 to February 1996. The model provides probability distributions for the variability in projected (total) job tenures within the time range of the data, and it extrapolates the distributions beyond the time range of the data, i.e., beyond 25 years.