统计学中“三位一体”教学方法研究

一、“知识传授、能力培养、素质提升”三者的关系《统计学》课程是统计学专业的专业基础理论课,也是经济与管理类各专业的学科基础课。如何在统计学的教学中做到“知识传授、能力培养、素质提升”三位一体,培养能满足社会主义市场经济建设所需要的统计学专业人才,必然需要我们     

统计活动结构与统计学科体系设置初探

自国家颁布新的学科分类与代码起,把几门统计学整合起来,实现某种统一的系统工程就算是启动了。但真正实现统一,尚有许多课题要搞。对包括社会经济统计学、数理统计学及其分支学科、各种交叉学科在内的性质不同、层次不同的统计学科群体的体系设置就是基础工程之一。我们注意到,在设计统计学学科体系时,大家提供的统计学的学科目录、范围各不相同,在不同目录、范围基础上讨论、分类、排队就得到了不同的设计方案。大家似乎已淡忘了人们曾对旧的部门统计设置的尖锐批评。本文将从统计活动结构与统计学科的关系入手来讨论统计学科体系的…     

财经类院校统计本科专业的学科性质与课程结构

财经类院校统计本科专业的学科性质与课程结构广东商学院周兆麟，王玉潜一、财经类院校统计学本科专业的学科性质我国的学科分类有二套系统：一套是国家技术监督局制定的供国家宏观管理和科技统计的国家标准，最新的中华人民共和国国家标准学科分类中有５８个一级学科，一...     

统计学的学科分类及其应用

统计学的学科分类及其应用陶用之近几年来,我国统计学学科体系研究有了新的进展。在学科分类模式,学科体系框架构筑,学科研究对象、性质、理论基础等方面都出现了一批颇具新意令人瞩目的成果。这标志着统计学知识体系的发展与进步,使人们有可能运用发展了的统计理论与...     

20世纪统计学的回顾与展望

一、2 0世纪统计学的发展按照统计学科体系的基本原理与应用的不同 ,统计学可分为理论统计学与应用统计学两大类。理论统计学指的是统计学的数学性原理 ,也就是数理统计学 ,具有通用方法论的理学性质。应用统计学指的是基于理论统计学的基本原理 ,应用于各个领域的数据处理方法 ,统计解析方法及统计推测方法。其特征有二 :一是其数理性原理为各研究领域通用 ;二是具有对应于某特定领域的特有的分析方法。比如经济统计学中的指数分析法 ,医药统计学中的生存解析法等。理论统计学的基础理论在 2 0世纪的 2 0— 30年代已经基本完成。其中由英国…     

构建大统计学理论促进统计事业发展

中国目前正处在新旧经济体制的变革时期,面对新的经济体制任何学科都需要调整自己的位置,制定自己的发展战略。中国统计学面对市场经济如何调整自己,中国统计和主流学派是怎样一种模式。近年来,我国统计部门提出了大统计的设想,并得到国家技术监督局的认可,在所制定的《中华人民共和国学科分类与代码》中,将原来属于经济学科的统计学提升为与经济学科相平行的学科,显然统计学的学科地位提高了,这无疑是个好事。但是由于两门统计学——社会经济统计学与数理统计学先后形成,所以在不同的国家不同时期存在着偏颇。同时在统计学界,在理论和实际部门由于地位不同,认识也不同。为了研究社会各部门对大统计设想的看法和态度,我们对全国30个市和地区的大专院校和其它统计工作和科研单位的统计工作者进行了问卷调查。     

具有中国特色的统计学学科体系的框架设计

具有中国特色的统计学学科体系的框架设计唐斯如,张训苏一、应该建立一个综合型的统计学学科体系统计学是一门交叉于自然科学和社会科学并具有横断性、边缘性、交叉性与综合性的独立学科,其地位与经济学、数学、管理学一样同属于一级学科,其研究对象是以各种总体现象的...     

试论我国统计学科体系的建设

本文讨论了１９７８年以来，在统计学的性质及其学科建设上，经历了思想解放的渐进式过程。从建立一级学科统计学的科学体系出发，提出统计学具有应用数学的性质，而应用统计学又具有交叉学科的多重特性，并探讨了建立多维和多层次网络式的统计学学科体系的结构模式问题。     

论可持续发展统计学

统计学可以分为两大类：一类是以抽象的数量为研究对象，研究一般的收集数据、分析数据方法的数理统计学。另一类是以各个不同领域的具体数量为研究对象的应用统计学。前一类统计学具有通用方法论的理学性质，其特点是计量不计质。后一类统计学则与各不同领域的实质性学科有着非常密切的联系，是有具体对象的方法论，因而具有复合性学科和边缘学科的性质。社会经济统计学是以社会经济数量为对象的方法论科学。要在经济领域应用统计方法，必须解决如何科学地测定社会经济现象即如何科学地设置指标的问题，这就离不开对有关社会经济现象的质的…     

对非统计专业统计课程改革的思路

一、统计课程的教学应更好地适应我国加入ＷＴＯ后对统计人才的需求　　随着我国统计学界对统计学学科性质探讨的深入 ,人们对统计学的学科属性已达成了共识 ,大统计的统计思想已经占有主导地位。人们已普遍认识到统计学是一门多学科相互交叉的边缘学科。统计学正是在与物理、生物、医学、经济学、人口学、社会学等实质性学科的交叉过程中才形成了它的多个分支学科。统计学的各个分支学科的区别只在于它们分别研究不同的事物及不同的应用领域 ,但它们都有如何收集、处理及分析数据这些共同的属性。正是由于统计学在与这些实质性学科的结合中…     

Some Remarks on Statistical Education

A definition of the subject of statistics is given, and the difference between the chalkboard world of the teacher of statistics and the real world of the experimenter is stressed. An overemphasis on significance testing, hypothesis testing, and decision procedures has led to a de-emphasis of statistical design. The teaching of statistical design theory, statistics teaching in a changing world, the importance of model building, and different approaches to teaching statistics are discussed. Some published materials developed to meet teaching needs and a new type of statistics course are described. Information about special issues in statistical education (teaching and consulting) is presented.     

大数据应用的质量控制

数据作为重要的数据资源存在，不论是其内在蕴含的信息价值还是其已经成为人类社会所需数据有机组成的客观事实，都迫使我们去不断加强对大数据的应用。然而，由于大数据作为信息技术应用的副产品，其复杂性、不确定性和涌现性决定了我们应用大数据并非易事，存在着很多质量上的问题，除了具有传统数据所有的质量问题外，还包括一些独特的新问题。为了更好地应用大数据，本文对如何进行大数据应用的质量控制进行了初步的研究。主要内容包括以下三个方面：一是对什么是大数据质量、受哪些因素影响、可能存在哪些质量问题进行了探讨；二是从做好理论准备、建立质量控制方案、重视对小数据研究、加强大数据管理、加强大数据人才培养和加强大数据法制建设六个方面，提出了大数据应用的质量控制的基本想法；三是对大数据应用中需要引起注意的几个方面进行了讨论，并结合例子进行了阐释。     

Characteristics of Serial Title Changes and Recognition of New Serial Works: Theoretical and Practical Implications

The paper reports findings from a study to identify characteristics of serials with title changes and then make recommendations for recognizing new works for these serials. Findings show title changes occur due to underlying subject, function, corporate, geographic, frequency, or format changes, with 80.8% of the changes being subject or function changes. It is recommended that reasons for title changes be determined from clear statements in text or elsewhere, and that new works be recognized based upon the requirements of a definition of a work. With the FRBR definition, a new work would be recognized only for a significant subject or function change.     

对信息产业统计界定的思考

当今世界 ,信息技术革命飞速发展。随着微电子、计算机和网络技术的应用 ,信息技术正在成为各国经济增长的新动力。全国人大九届四次会议通过的《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划纲要》 ,提出了加快发展我国信息产业 ,努力实现信息产业跨越式发展 ,大力推进信息化 ,提高信息产业在国民经济中所占比重的目标。实现加速发展我国信息产业 ,促进国民经济持续增长的目标 ,对于统计工作者来说 ,首先要解决对信息产业的界定 ,在此基础上才能对我国信息产业的发展现状进行量化的描述。发展信息产业是全球性的趋势。但遗憾的是 ,不论…     

A fractional order statistic towards defining a smooth quantile function for discrete data

This work is motivated in part by a recent publication by Ma et al. (2011) who resolved the asymptotic non-normality problem of the classical sample quantiles for discrete data through defining a new mid-distribution based quantile function. This work is the motivation for defining a new and improved smooth population quantile function given discrete data. Our definition is based on the theory of fractional order statistics. The main advantage of our definition as compared to its competitors is the capability to distinguish the uth quantile across different discrete distributions over the whole interval, u∈(0,1). In addition, we define the corresponding estimator of the smooth population quantiles and demonstrate the convergence and asymptotic normal distribution of the corresponding sample quantiles. We verify our theoretical results through a Monte Carlo simulation, and illustrate the utilization of our quantile function in a Q-Q plot for discrete data.     

The effect of infrequent trading on detecting price jumps

The subject of the present study is to analyze how accurately an elaborated price jump detection methodology by Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard (J. Financ. Econom. 2:1–37, 2004a; 4:1–30, 2006) applies to financial time series characterized by less frequent trading. In this context, it is of primary interest to understand the impact of infrequent trading on two test statistics, applicable to disentangle contributions from price jumps to realized variance. In a simulation study, evidence is found that infrequent trading induces a sizable distortion of the test statistics towards overrejection. A new empirical investigation using high frequency information of the most heavily traded electricity forward contract of the Nord Pool Energy Exchange corroborates the evidence of the simulation. In line with the theory, a “zero-return-adjusted estimation” is introduced to reduce the bias in the test statistics, both illustrated in the simulation study and empirical case.     

On the detection of changes in autoregressive time series I. Asymptotics

Various test statistics are discussed which can be used for detecting changes in the parameters of an autoregressive time series. In this first part of our study, the limiting behavior of the test statistics is derived under the null hypothesis of no change as well as under alternatives. In a forthcoming second part of our investigation, these asymptotic results will be compared to some corresponding bootstrap procedures, and a small simulation study will be conducted.     

国际服务贸易统计方法制度研究（上）

国际服务贸易是广义国际贸易的重要内容。国际服务贸易统计是社会经济统计的一个新的分支 ,在我国还处于起步阶段 ,尚无健全的方法制度。此文是对我国国际服务贸易统计方法制度的探索性研究 ,对国际服务贸易统计的重要意义、国际服务贸易的概念和统计原则、国际服务贸易的分类方法、指标体系、统计模式和实施步骤等问题提出了建设性的意见     

A Note on the Regression of Order Statistics

This paper examines the relationships between the mean residual life functions of parallel and k-out-of-n systems with the regression of order statistics. Using these relationships, the results and properties about the mean residual life function of those systems can be used for the regression of order statistics and vice versa. Finally, the paper proposes a definition for the mean residual life function of a k-out-of-n system when the number of failed components of the system is known.     

Dempster's combination rule and sufficient statistics

In his articles (1966-1968) concerning statistical inference based on lower and upper probabilities, Dempster refers to the connection between Fisher's fiducial argument and his own ideas of statistical inference. Dempster's main concern however focuses on the “Bayesian” aspects of his theory and not on an elaboration of the relation between Fisher's and his ideas. This article attempts to work out the connection between those two approaches and focuses primarily on the question, whether Dempster's combination rule, his upper and lower probabilty based on sufficient statistics and inference based on sufficient statistics in Fisher's sense are consistent. To be adequate to Fisher's reasoning, we deal with absolutely continuous, one parametric families of distributions.This is certainly not the usual assumption in context with Dempster's theory and implies a normative but straightforward definition concerning the underlying conditional distribution; this definition however is done in Dempster's spirit as can be seen from his articles, (1966, 1968,a,b). Under those assumptions it can be shown that - similar to Lindley's results concerning consistency in fiducial reasoning (1958) - the combination rule, Dempster's procedure based on sufficient statistics and fiducial inference by sufficient statistics agree iff the parametric family under consideration can be transformed to location parameter form.