组织即兴的研究述评及展望

千变万化的环境因素需要组织针对变化情况作出快速反应,这种组织即兴能力的发挥有利于企业在复杂的市场环境中掌握先机。随着越来越多学者对组织即兴的探讨,使之成为学术界的研究热点。基于此,本文在查阅国内外组织即兴文献的基础上,系统总结了组织即兴的概念、测量、影响因素以及结果,并对组织即兴研究提出建议。     

组织和谐管理:基于人与环境匹配复合型视角

运用和谐管理理论和人与环境匹配研究的理论和方法,对组织和谐管理作出了概念定义和操作定义;评价了组织和谐管理的2个实践性操作模型;分析了组织和谐管理面临的理论挑战;基于人与环境匹配的员工-组织复合型视角全面审视了组织和谐管理研究,提出了理论假设,并在此基础上构建了组织和谐管理的实践性操作模型和量化实证研究的概念模型,为组织和谐管理的实践提供了可操作化的指导,为量化的实证研究提供了思路并奠定了理论基础,同时也在中国情境中对人与环境匹配理论进行了解析.     

仿生管理学

正一般情况下,仿生管理学又叫管理仿生学或企业仿生学。仿生管理学:是一门管理学与仿生学等多学科交叉的边缘学科,是从生物学的视角出发研究社会组织的管理问题,以模仿、借鉴、类推、创新等手段,旨在组织建构的和谐与组织运营的高效;其落脚于管理学,将生物学的概念、原理和理论,或嫁接或融入或整合,直至转化到管理学的概念、原理和理论中,从而形成新的概念、新的原理、新的理论。管理仿生学:是模拟生命系统的管理规律为改进或建立人为管理系统的管理层次、结构、目标、策略与多样性提供方法和原理的科学。企业仿生学:企业仿生学的定义是,它是研究企业生物型机制并模仿生物原理进行企业结构与功能设计从而实现企业健康发展的新型管理科学。     

组织行为研究的新领域:积极行为研究述评及展望

新的竞争时代呼唤新的员工行为。在对传统行为研究与管理实践进行评论的基础上,介绍了组织行为学研究的新领域——积极行为,从概念发展、分类问题、测量工具、理论基础、前因及后果研究等方面做了述评,对文献中存在的问题进行了分析,并结合中国传统文化特征提出了若干研究建议。     

心理契约视角下完善企业虚拟员工激励机制的思路

正虚拟人力资源管理已成为学术界研究关注的热点问题,学者们从理论和实践两个层面对该问题进行了深入分析并得出相应结论。在此基础上,笔者以心理契约为视角对虚拟员工激励机制进行分析,丰富人力资源管理理论,为虚拟人力资源管理提供借鉴。一、概念界定(一)虚拟人力资源管理现阶段,虚拟人力资源管理研究包括两个方向。一是在知识经济时代,企业组织结构的虚拟化趋势增强,     

从“兵来将挡,水来土掩”到组织惯例形成——转型经济中新企业的即兴战略研究

转型经济背景下,市场环境和制度等方面存在诸多不确定性。新企业成立初期发展经验和组织惯例贫乏,无法为应接不暇的突发状况进行事前规划,只能结合实际即兴发挥。此时,单一、传统的竞争战略已无法全面地为新企业发展保驾护航,一种特殊的竞争战略——"即兴战略"应运而生。如何定义和识别新企业的即兴战略?哪些因素在其形成过程中发挥重要作用?该战略如何持续指引新企业的发展?在理论和实践中都还是未解的难题。本文基于资源基础观和制度理论,运用多案例研究方法,探究了新企业即兴竞争战略的形成过程,以及不同类型即兴战略的促成因素,并提出了即兴战略演化为企业组织惯例的重要条件。本研究深化了转型经济背景下新企业竞争战略的研究。     

内外在薪酬组合激励模型研究

在组织经营管理实践中,如何通过行之有效的激励措施提升员工的绩效是人力资源管理中的持久性难题。本文在回顾和分析内外在薪酬激励相关研究基础上,借鉴内外结合,刚柔相济的思想,构建了旨在提升组织人力资源长久动力的内外在薪酬组合激励模型,特别是提出的推动式、牵引式和权变式三种具体激励策略,为组织人力资源管理中的员工激励实践提供了有益的启示和帮助,并为今后有关激励与薪酬的理论研究提供了新的思路与方向。     

组织管理学科的理论形态与创新途径

在论述成熟学科理论形态的基础上,以组织行为学为例,系统地分析了当前组织管理理论存在的问题,并提出了理论创新的途径与策略建议.研究结果表明,一门成熟的学科通常有多种不同的理论形态,揭示事物本质的理论、揭示概念间关系的理论、揭示事物演变规律的理论,以及元理论等抽象程度高的理论形态应该居于更重要的地位,但这些理论形态恰恰是当前组织管理学科比较缺乏的.     

企业社交工作平台影响员工即兴能力的机理研究——基于在线社会网络的视角

在超竞争环境(Hypercompetitive Environments)下,企业员工必须不断提升其即兴能力来应对内外部的变化。以阿里巴巴的钉钉和腾讯的企业微信为代表的企业社交工作平台作为一类新兴的信息技术,为员工即兴能力的提升提供了新的可能。本文在进行文献综述的基础上,采用探索性案例研究方法,识别了企业社交工作平台的核心技术特征,并基于在线社会网络的视角提出了企业社交工作平台影响员工即兴能力的机理模型,最后进行了问卷实证检验。本文的主要研究结论如下:第一,可及性、社交性及交互性是企业社交工作平台的3个核心技术特征;第二,企业社交工作平台的3个核心技术特征通过员工在线社会网络提升员工的即兴能力。     

复杂快变环境下的整体性应变工具:和谐主题

和谐主题是和谐管理理论中用于应对现代组织管理复杂性、整体性及快速应变需求的核心概念之一。围绕复杂快变环境下组织如何进行整体性快速应变这一管理难题,对现有和谐主题相关研究进行了拓展。具体而言,首先对和谐主题的本质属性进行了深入分析,得出和谐主题在本质上体现为组织领导者对不确定情境的"意义"主张的研究结论。在此基础上,通过与其他组织要素的比较,系统阐释了和谐主题的功能特征,提出和谐主题是复杂快变环境下组织进行整体性快速应变的一种有效工具。最后,以知识理论为基础对和谐主题的辨识与表征过程进行了考察,从而从知识学视角揭示了这2个过程的内在机理。一方面从理论上丰富了战略管理领域的相关研究,另一方面也为新经济环境下的组织管理实践提供了参考与借鉴。     

Organizational Improvisation: A Consolidating Review and Framework

Organizational improvisation is increasingly recognized as a relevant area of management research. However, the cumulativeness of research on improvisation in organizations remains low. This paper organizes existing contributions on organizational improvisation within a new consolidating framework combining degrees (minor, bounded and structural) and levels (individual, interpersonal and organizational) of improvisation. The proposed degree/level framework allows for reviewing the existing literature on organizational improvisation in the management disciplines of strategy, organizational behaviour, organizational theory, innovation and marketing in a systematic manner. It also exposes potential areas for future research across management disciplines, research areas, organizational settings and industries, and beyond existing metaphors, most notably of jazz and improvisational theatre.     

Organizational Improvisation: What, When, How and Why

In this article, the authors review the growing body of literature on organizational improvisation in order to present an encompassing and systematic perspective on this concept. An integrative definition of its construct is presented together with a new way of measuring this phenomenon in organizational settings. The article further explores this construct by presenting its triggers, necessary conditions, influencing factors and major outcomes. The issues of improvisation's growing legitimization in the organizational arena for practitioners and researchers alike are addressed in order to argue for the need for and interest in a fuller development research on this concept.     

Time and Organizational Learning: A Review and Agenda for Future Research

This paper examines the time dimensions of organizational learning. While several recent studies have addressed aspects of time in relation to organizational learning, the topic of time has received little attention in reviews of the field, and this promising domain of research is fragmented. The objective of this paper is to bring these dispersed conceptualizations and findings together and to provide a more solid conceptual foundation for the time dimensions of organizational learning as a new research avenue. Three sets of mechanisms are discerned: concerning time as duration; the timing of organizational learning; and the role of the past, present and future in organizational learning. Each of these perspectives offers unique insights, which when integrated can help map new directions for future research.     

基于情感反应的组织即兴成因机理研究

在不断变化的竞争环境中,企业快速成长能力更多地依赖于临场应变的组织即兴。组织即兴往往是由情境变化所激发的组织情感反应,进而激活组织记忆和偏离原组织行动模式、并不断地适应新环境的组织活动,同时。本文剖析了组织情感与组织即兴行动之间关系,建立了组织情感会触发组织活动的即兴生成模型。模型研究发现,情感反应与组织行动之间的趋同性、组织情感反应的强度、以及改变行动的努力程度影响着组织即兴活动产生。最后,以星巴克的创新性活动为例进一步证实,组织即兴是组织情境激发的情感力所驱动的集体行动。     

New product development in turbulent environments: Impact of improvisation and unlearning on new product performance

Team learning is vital for organizations in order to compete in fast-paced environments. However, the ways learning can be effective in such environments warrents research, especially for teams developing new products under rapidly changing technological and market conditions. Interestingly, recent new product development (NPD) literature demonstrates the essential role of improvisation (i.e., planning and executing any action simultaneously) and unlearning (i.e., changes in team beliefs and project routines) for effective learning and performing under turbulent conditions. However, the combined effect of team improvisation and unlearning on new product success (NPS) has largely been ignored. This paper investigates the nomological relations among team improvisation and unlearning, new product success, and environmental turbulence, and contributes to the literature on NPD team learning, and on team flexibility under turbulent conditions. By examining 197 new product-development projects, we found that (1) environmental turbulence positively affects team unlearning, (2) team unlearning concurrently stimulates team improvisation, (3) team improvisation positively impacts new product success by utilizing/implementing new knowledge acquired by unlearning and improvisation. We further discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of our conclusions.     

A Review of Political Skill: Current Research Trend and Directions for Future Research

This paper reviews theoretical and empirical research on the use of political skill in organizations and proposes some agendas for future research. Although political skill is a relatively new construct in organizational politics research, a large number of theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted. Five major themes were identified in previous research. These are: (a) definition and measurement of political skill; (b) political skill and stress management; (c) political skill and career success; (d) political skill and individual performance; and (e) political skill and leadership effectiveness. This review critically examines previous empirical studies in light of this theoretical background and points out that, although previous empirical studies support the theoretically assumed effects of political skills, they fail to confirm how and why these skills bring about these effects. Based on this examination, the author suggests the examination of mediators and dimensional differences derived from theory that can lead to more effective exploration of the impact of political skill. In addition, several issues for future research are proposed, which may provide useful insights for both literature and practice.     

Under pressure! Team innovative climate and individual attitudes in shaping individual improvisation

By embracing a perspective grounded in the Theory of Reasoned Action, this paper investigates the mechanisms through which team climate affects individual improvisation. By relying on data from 134 individuals belonging to 25 artistic collectives, our paper shows that team innovative climate impacts individual improvisation by triggering individual proactive attitude and risk aversion attitude. Because our research spans across different levels of analysis, we developed a multilevel model for analyzing our hypotheses. Our study complements the results of previous research by asserting that improvisation is not an inherently individual phenomenon; rather, improvisation is also affected by the characteristics of the team in which individuals are embedded.     

Cognitive approaches to new venture creation

Cognitive processes play a critical role in the formation of new ventures. Moreover, the effects of managerial cognition are likely to be more direct and immediate in new venture settings than in the context of larger, more established organizations. For these reasons, the theories and methods of managerial and organizational cognition can provide insight into the process of new venture creation. This paper reviews recent studies that take a cognitive approach to new venture creation and categorizes them according to the stage of new venture creation with which they are concerned. Key issues discussed include the formation of entrepreneurial intentions, the sensemaking processes of scanning, interpretation and action, the use of schema and heuristics in decision-making and the phenomenon of entrepreneurial alertness. Several preliminary research conclusions are drawn, and the implications of these findings for the practice of entrepreneurship are considered. Finally, several promising avenues for future research are explored.     

社会资本和公司企业家精神与绩效的关系:组织学习的中介作用——江苏与广东新兴企业的实证研究

近年来,社会资本和企业家精神被认为是新兴企业取得竞争优势的关键因素。虽然很多学者认为组织学习在社会资本和公司企业家精神与组织绩效之间起了中介作用,但了解“如何发生作用”的知识要远远难于“是什么”,并且极少有研究给出实证结果。在转型经济中类似的研究更是缺乏。本文以中国江苏和广东两省的676家新兴企业为被试对象,对社会资本和公司企业家精神是否以及如何通过组织学习影响组织的绩效进行实证研究。结果表明组织学习在社会资本和公司企业家精神—组织学习—组织绩效链中起到了至关重要的作用,是通过社会资本和公司企业家精神提升组织绩效的瓶颈。     

Participatory Organizational Research: Examining Voice in the Co‐production of Knowledge

This paper advances participatory methods in management research. We propose the term participatory organizational research to describe this adjunct to action research. We illustrate the potential of the method to allow sometimes unheard organizational members to generate alternative perspectives that can offer the potential for the co‐production of new forms of knowledge that are locally relevant. Participatory methods originate from work with marginalized groups and have been used more commonly in community and organizational development. The aim of such research is, generally, to change the social and organizational conditions within which participants operate by using their perspectives as active participants to develop alternative possibilities. As such, this research method has significant potential for management researchers in providing the means for unheard organizational members to voice their perspectives: a central component, we argue, in knowledge co‐production. Based on a participatory study of care quality in elder care institutions, we examine in detail how participatory organizational research can enable voice and explore some of the structural limitations particularly in respect of research ethics.