甘肃省城乡居民消费结构差异性分析

本文通过对甘肃省近年来城乡居民消费结构的分析,指出甘肃省城乡居民消费结构的差异性特征及农村居民消费层次的滞后性。     

中国人口老龄化与城镇化对未来居民消费的影响分析

文章在定量测度中国城乡居民年龄别消费模式的基础上,模拟分析未来人口变动对居民消费的影响,量化人口老龄化与城镇化的贡献率.研究发现,中国居民消费模式总体上呈现出比较显著的年龄特征,且各年龄段不同消费类别的城乡差异明显.假设城乡居民年龄别消费结构保持不变,2010 ～2050年人口老龄化对中国居民消费在总量层面上影响不大;在消费结构层面对不同消费类别的影响差异明显,其中对医疗保健类消费的促进作用最大;人口城镇化对居民消费的影响主要表现为消费规模的扩张.在人口变动、经济增长的不同模拟情景下,人口规模对未来中国居民消费变动的影响均远小于人口结构的影响,且人口老龄化与城镇化对居民消费的贡献率具有相对稳定性.     

人口因素对货币流通的影响

在经济改革中,影响货币流通的新因素在不断增多,其中人口因素是一个不容忽视的方面。在商品经济条件下,人是生产者和消费者的统一,是社会经济活动的主体。货币流通在为生产、流通服务的同时,又为人类自身生产服务,人口是影响货币流通的内在因素。例如,人口的数量、质量、人口结构的变化、家庭规模、人口的地理分布状况等,就直接影响城乡居民的货币收入,影响人民的消费水平和消费结构的变化。表现在     

中国社会保障模式选择的民意基础——基于重庆市城乡居民福利态度的实证调查

究竟是哪些因素影响中国城乡居民对社会保障模式的选择？这些因素到底对中国社会保障模式选择影响有多大？对于这些问题,至今我们的了解仍显不足。对重庆市城乡居民福利态度的实证研究结果显示：城乡居民呈现出较为明显社会公平取向的特征。经济发展水平、人口结构特征、制度效果等因素对城乡居民均有显著影响。制度效果、恩格尔系数和文化程度、性别等因素对城乡居民社会保障模式取向的影响存在差异性。     

广州市老年人的消费结构研究

本文依据广州市 140 0名城市老年人生活状况抽样调查资料 ,考察了老年人消费结构的总体特征 ,分析了影响老年人消费结构的若干经济因素和社会因素 ,探讨了用恩格尔系数判断老年人生活水平的适用性问题     

人口规模、消费结构和环境效率

人口规模的扩大和消费结构的转型是影响国民经济发展和资源永续利用的关键因素.文章通过超效率DEA方法测得环境效率,并基于STIRPAT模型实证分析我国人口规模、消费结构对环境效率的影响.研究结果表明:2000 ～ 2013年间全国各省环境效率整体呈现波动下降的趋势,区域差异较大.对于人口基数庞大的中国,现阶段人口规模的扩大对环境效率有着负向影响,消费结构作为人口与环境作用过程中的关键中间变量,根据不同的类型与环境效率之间呈现出不同的关系.具体来看,生存、享受型消费与环境效率呈现“U型”关系,拐点分别为60.18％与29.20％,发展型消费与环境效率呈现线性正相关关系.并且随着消费结构的升级,人口规模对环境效率的不利影响将得到明显的改善.     

积极应对户籍制度改革对计划生育管理的挑战

过去：城乡居民固定分界线---稳定的“三合一”---计划生育管理的方便之路 当前：城乡居民模糊分界线---复杂的“三分离”---计划生育管理的难题 今后：城乡居民移动分界线---回归的“三合一”---计划生育管理要以变应变     

我国城乡居民分年龄、性别和受教育程度的生育意愿研究

本文利用国家计划生育委员会2002年城乡居民生育意愿调查的数据对目前我国城乡居民分年龄、性别和受教育程度的意愿生育子女数量和影响因素进行了分析。     

甘肃省人口老龄化实证分析

为了解甘肃省人口老龄化的状况,利用SPSS软件对2005年我国大陆31个地区的65岁及以上老年人口占总人口的比例作了聚类分析．将甘肃省人口年龄结构与全国做了比较后分析,结果显示甘肃省人口老龄化速度慢于全国近5年。在此基础上。对甘肃省老年人口比重的未来做了短期预测,预计到2016年,甘肃省老年人口比重将达到20．12％。届时甘肃省将发展成为典型的老年型社会。     

论食物消费结构与人口健康素质的提高

<正> 食物的消费是人类自身再生产得以进行的必经环节。马克思说;“食物的生产是直接生产者的生存和一切生产的首要条件。”食物的消费水平,取决于生产力提高的程度,但相同的食物消费水平含有不同的食物消费结构,不同的食物消费结构对人口健康     

Understanding and Using Mediators and Moderators

Mediation and moderation are two theories for refining and understanding a causal relationship. Empirical investigation of mediators and moderators requires an integrated research design rather than the data analyses driven approach often seen in the literature. This paper described the conceptual foundation, research design, data analysis, as well as inferences involved in a mediation and/or moderation investigation in both experimental and non-experimental (i.e., correlational) contexts. The essential distinctions between the investigation of mediators and moderators were summarized and juxtaposed in an example of a causal relationship between test difficulty and test anxiety. In addition, the more elaborate models, moderated mediation and mediated moderation, the use of structural equation models, and the problems with model misspecification were discussed conceptually.

Complementary and alternative medicine: Interaction and communication between midwives and women

BackgroundMany pregnant women use complementary and alternative medicine. Although midwives are often supportive, how they communicate with women about the safe use of these therapies has received limited research attention.AimThe aim of this study was to explore how midwives interact with women regarding use of complementary and alternative medicine during pregnancy.MethodsWe utilised grounded theory methodology to collect and analyse data. Twenty-five midwives who worked in metropolitan hospitals situated in Melbourne, Australia, participated in the study. Data were collected from semi structured interviews and non-participant observations, over an 18-month period.FindingsHow midwives communicate about complementary and alternative medicine is closely associated with the meaning they construct around the woman's role in decisionmaking. Most aim to work in a manner consistent with the midwifery partnership model and share the responsibility for decisions regarding complementary and alternative medicine. However, although various therapies were commonly discussed, usually the pregnant woman initiated the dialogue. A number of contextual conditions such as the biomedical discourse, lack of knowledge, language barriers and workplace constraints, limited communication in some situations.ConclusionMidwives often interact with women interested in using CAM. Most value the woman's autonomy and aim to work in partnership. However, various contextual conditions restrain overt CAM communication in clinical practice.     

Injecting and Rejecting,Framing and Failing

This paper seeks to examine how female subjectivities are privileged by Canadian human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination discourse and, in turn, how homosexual male subjectivities are displaced. Employing a Critical Discourse Analysis approach, I analyze selected HPV vaccination (HPVV) promotional materials, and depict the discursive strategies which privilege and exclude gendered subjectivities. My critical analysis is influenced by feminist linguistic works that seek to uncover the discursive constructions around sexuality, gender and identity, and the discursive strategies used to communicate ideas about sexual health risks and responsible citizenship. In addition, I adopt feminist theories of knowledge and power to rethink the discursive representations of some bodies and subjectivities as normal, and Others as unintelligible within HPVV discourse in today's neoliberal time.     

山东省人口发展与工业化城镇化的互动及其协调发展

改革开放至今,山东省的人口发展与工业化城镇化发展相互促进,共同推动了人口再生产方式的转变和工业化城镇化进程,进入了健康、合理、良性互动的发展时期。但是,人口规模持续膨胀、城镇化发展水平滞后、城镇体系结构不合理、人口分布与城镇分布矛盾等问题依然制约人口与工业化城镇化的协调发展。促进人口数量、素质、结构、分布协调发展,走新型工业化和新型城镇化道路,实现人口与工业化城镇化协调发展,是山东省不懈的追求。     

人口计生宣传教育为“先导”的重心和支点

宣传教育为先导的战略决策,是国家人口计生委党组书记、主任李斌同志2007年年底在河南召开全国农村人口文化建设工作现场会和在宁波市召开全国婚育新风进万家活动经验交流会上提出的重大战略思想。宣传教育为先导战略决策的提出,是在科学发展观指引下尊重思想政治工作、精神文明建设和人口计生工作客观规律,总结正反两方面工作经验教训的必然产物,是今后做好人口计生工作的元点工程。本文主要论述了为什么要先导,先什么、导什么,如何先导三个重大问题。     

Populations and infectious diseases: Dynamics and evolution

The host-parasite or host-pathogen system was analyzed from dynamical and evolutionary viewpoints using simple mathematical models incorporating vertical transmission, immunity and its loss. We first analyzed a model without density regulation of host population. In the analysis on dynamics, the condition for the pathogen to work as a density regulating factor was obtained. In the analysis on evolution, criteria for the evolution of host and pathogen were proposed. These criteria implies that the evolution of hosts should result in an increase in infected host density, whereas the evolution of pathogens a decrease in susceptible host density. The direction of evolution at some parameters of host and that of pathogen were examined when the parameters were independently and freely changeable. Among the parameters, only reduction in additional mortality due to infection was the evolutionary trend common to both host and pathogen. In all the other parameters examined, trend of evolution predicted in host is reversed in pathogen. We then analyzed whether the obtained criteria still hold in models with density regulation of hosts. Using randomly generated parameter sets, we obtained the result that the criteria should hold very likely though they do not always hold. We discussed evolution of virulence when there is a constraint between the traits.     

Together and Apart: Affective Ambiences and Negotiation in Families’ Everyday Life and Mobility

Abstract

This article addresses the affective, emotional, and familial dimensions of urban everyday mobility. Drawing on theoretical inspiration from phenomenology, non-representational theory, and mobilities research on the relational mobilities of children and families, the paper explores the everyday mobility of 11 households with children in the multi-modal context of Copenhagen, Denmark. Following the conceptualization of everyday mobility practices as heterogeneous ‘negotiation in motion’, the empirical analysis investigates how the strong relational dynamics between household members are organized around affect, care, familial bonding, and the rhythms of everyday life, which shape spatial patterns of moving together and apart. A new qualitative method combining GPS tracking, mapping, and household interviews is explored to show how everyday patterns of relational mobility are filtered through spatial affordances, affective ambience, and the temporalities of the lifecourse to influence transport alternatives of route and modal choices.     

积极老龄化与中国：观点与问题透视

人口老龄化问题日益严重,如何应对其带来的挑战受到国际社会的普遍关注,而积极老龄化的提出则为人们打开了一个新的视角。文章将在回顾积极老龄化国际发展历程的背景下,在理清我国老龄化政策实践与变迁脉络的基础上,从政治、经济、文化等视角分别对我国的年龄化问题进行描述与阐释,展现我国老龄化的现实图景,并以问题为导向,探寻我国的积极老龄化之路。     

吉林省人口和计划生育宣传教育调研——以96条标语口号分析为例

标语口号不仅可以宣传人口和计划生育的理念和措施,而且也是一个城市、一个地区文明程度的标志。在对长春市、辽源市人口与计生标语口号抽样调查基础上,对吉林省人口与计生标语口号现状进行评估。吉林省的人口与计生标语口号语言规范,内容科学合理,从正面鼓励、倡导入手,态度鲜明,含义明确,体现出了以人为本的思想,确保了标语口号被社会公众所认可接受,产生积极正面的社会影响。针对存在的问题提出对策:了解受众需求,宣传内容要与时俱进,不断创新,针对不同群体开展体现人文关怀特点的标语口号宣传;充分利用各类传播媒介,特别是新兴媒介,探索宣传新形式,实现人口与计生标语口号宣传的广覆盖;从塑造城市形象,提升城市整体文明层次的角度,对城市的公益广告牌统筹规划,将人口与计生标语口号纳入公益广告宣传的重要内容之一。     

Mental and Physical Health Trajectories of Norwegian Parents and Children before and after Union Dissolution

The aim was to examine the mental and physical health trajectories of mothers, fathers, and children before and after union dissolution. Register data covering the entire Norwegian population, and including information on consultations with general practitioners in 2006–2018, were used. Constant unobserved characteristics were controlled for with individual fixed effects. As judged by the number of consultations, mothers’ and fathers’ mental health deteriorates before the dissolution but improves immediately afterwards. In contrast, a worsening mental health among children before the dissolution is followed by an even more adverse development afterwards. There is only modest evidence of predissolution increases in noninfectious physical diseases, but more clearly rising numbers afterwards especially for mothers and daughters. Less adverse trends are seen for infections, although mothers experience a sharp temporary increase at the breakup time. On the whole, mothers’ health is more adversely affected by dissolution than that of fathers. Daughters may have a disadvantage compared to sons, but results vary across model specifications. The results suggest that effects on children's health do not operate through parents’ health. With respect to union type, the health changes before and after dissolution of a consensual union are not very different from those before and after marital separation.