中国阶层化政治权力运行及困境

阶层研究的兴起和发展,为整个社会科学研究提供了一个重要的思路和视野,为政治学研究提供了新的素材。本文从政治权力的认识出发,结合中国阶层研究的成果,分析了现今中国社会阶层在政治权力配置和运行中的影响和作用,指出多元阶层的形成对社会主义和谐社会具有重要意义,也指出了其内在的一种异化可能的困境。     

Testing a Political Economic Theory of the Media: How Were Steel Tariffs Covered?*

Objective. The objective of this article is to test Strömberg's (2001) prediction that newspapers will devote more space to costs of tariffs than to their benefits, using the recent steel tariff issue as a test case. Method. A content analysis was performed on a sample of 123 New York Times (NYT) and 177 Wall Street Journal (WSJ) articles published between January 1 and September 10, 2002. The articles were coded sentence by sentence for pro‐, anti‐, and neutral‐tariff content. Comments or information deemed supportive of the tariffs, that is, touting their benefits, were coded +1, while those emphasizing the costs of tariffs were coded –1. A statement that was neutral with regard to the tariff issue was coded 0. The proportion of sentences coded –1 was then compared with the proportion coded +1. Results. The coders found 395 sentences devoted to the negative impacts of steel tariffs versus 124 sentences devoted to their benefits out of a combined total of 3,207 sentences. The results also reveal a mild “slant” toward free trade in the WSJ relative to the NYT. In the WSJ, the proportion of lines criticizing tariffs (0.11) exceeds the proportion supporting tariffs (0.02) by a wider margin than in the NYT (0.13 vs. 0.06). Conclusions. This article provides empirical support for Strömberg's (2001) political economy model of the media. The model implies that mass media will weaken the power of special‐interest lobbies relative to unorganized interests. Specifically, the data support Strömberg's prediction that more newspaper space would be devoted to the costs of steel tariffs—which are widely dispersed—than to their benefits—which are narrowly targeted.     

The Corrosive Effect of Acculturation: How Mexican Americans Lose Political Trust*

Objective. Existing research establishes that political trust is not only an important determinant of individual political behavior and government effectiveness, but may also measure the health of civic society. This article looks specifically at trust among Latinos of Mexican descent, demonstrating that acculturation is corrosive of political trust. Methods. Logit and ordered logit models are used to simultaneously test two theories of acculturation—classic assimilation theory and ethnic competition theory. Data come from the Latino National Political Survey (LNPS). Results. Support is found for both modes of acculturation. Conclusions. Although the results do not conclusively side with one particular mode of acculturation, they consistently show that acculturation is corrosive of political trust. Latinos of Mexican descent become more cynical about American government as they incorporate into or are exposed to mainstream American culture, and as they become more aware of or concerned about racism and discrimination.     

高校辅导员如何做好学生思政教育工作

随着社会的发展,教育部对于高校思政教育工作的要求不断提升.在当前的社会形势下,各种思潮涌现,对高校大学生产生了一定影响,需要高校不断加强思政教育工作,对学生进行正向的引导.高校辅导员是高校思政教育工作中非常重要的一环.作为直接面对高校学生个体的群体,高校辅导员能够更加直接地发现学生的思想变化,且能够根据每一个学生的变化调整相应的思政教育对策.该文将从当前高校所面对的思政教育环境、高校大学生的特性入手探讨高校辅导员如何做好学生的思政教育工作.     

政治生活的目的:何种公共性与如何合理

在人类社会的条件下,政治生活是人类组成公民社会之后通过公共生活来影响人类资源分配的一种活动。现代政治哲学的诸多命题都必须在政治生活的条件范畴下才可能展开。政治生活的实践首先是价值的,而价值判断的实践必然要求目的性的认肯。政治生活的目的不是虚无的,因此它不能被抛弃;同时,它也不是抽象的,因此不能脱离特定的历史社会条件观之。政治生活的目的来源于它的公共性,它是一种基于公民社会建构前提下的以政治实践义务论为基本网络结构,此种公共性是产生于公共领域结构需求,吸纳公民同意、自然责任和哲学怀疑主义等多种评价理论的合理性实践判断。因而,各种政治价值目的在上述过程中自由而自律的相互作用,且在政治发展中接受、监督与激发政治生活中个体的公共意识进而推动政治生活的公共结构转型。     

政治知识化:思考政治生活的新维度

从知识的视阈思考政治生活的理性化是政治学理论的一贯传统,用知识解释政治的范式应该成为经济解释政治的范式的重要补充.     

政治资金与日本政党体制转型

本文从政治资金的视角,概述了“1955年体制”形成与崩溃的原因,并着重对冷战后日本政治资金制度的改革及其影响进行了分析:在新的制度框架下,政治捐款的减少与政党交付金的导入,是90年代中期以来日本政治资金收入结构最显著的变化;同时,在冷战后日本政党体制的转型过程中,现存的政治资金制度仍是有利于执政的自民党的,但政治资金制度的问题以及由此引发的非法行为,必然导致朝野政党间的抗争不时加剧。     

Preparing for Elite Political Participation Simulations and the Political Socialization of Adolescents

Objective. We ask: How do socialization experiences shape adolescent perceptions of and the performance of gender in political leadership roles? We examine a political simulation, Model United Nations, which attracts academically motivated students aspiring to elite roles in politics and government. Methods. Using observational and survey data, we explore adolescent behavior in the simulation as both a learning experience and as a reflection of students' perceptions of leadership behavior. Results. Three critical observations emerge. First, the Model United Nations is a domain in which young women do not play an equal part. Female delegates take far fewer speaking turns. However, contextual factors, including membership on a committee that deals with less masculine issues and on a committee with a female chair, increase the likelihood of female turn‐taking. Second, though participants come to the event with very similar motivations, young women leave less satisfied with their personal effectiveness than do young men. Finally, female delegates are judged less favorably by themselves and others and thus as less successful in the simulation. Conclusions. These findings have normative implications for the recruitment of young women to politics.     

对政治艺术的再认识

政治艺术是具有审美性、实践性、创造性、巧妙性和实效性的政治技术、政治作品和政治行为.政治艺术与政治权术存在着本质区别.政治艺术在政治生活中不仅具有政治审美价值,同时也发挥着指导政治实践、塑造政治人格、激励政治热情、创造政治效能等重要作用.通过一定的方法和途径可以孵化和培育政治艺术.     

Biases in Assessments of Probabilities: New Evidence from Greyhound Races

This paper investigates biases in the perceptions of probabilities using data from the 1989 and 1994 seasons at the Woodlands greyhound park in Kansas City, Kansas. Results reveal consistent evidence that the gambler's fallacy exists. The results also reveal that gamblers overestimate the probability of a win by the favorite and the dog in the lucky seven position. However, the comparison also suggests some learning by bettors between the first season of operation in 1989 and the 1994 season.     

标签理论视阈下中国大学生越轨行为探究

当前,中国大学生越轨行为呈现四个特点：由个体到集体、从少数到多数、由隐蔽到公开、由反感到认同。大学生越轨行为的危害在于影响他们获取知识和技能,使其生活不可预知且充满危险,弱化其遵从动机并且导致信任危机。标签理论视阈下的大学生越轨行为要经过＂初级越轨＂和＂次级越轨＂两个阶段的转换。因此,高校需要理性对待大学生的越轨行为,教师以及辅导员要客观评价学生,同时重视非正式组织的作用。     

The Nature of the Political Reconsidered

I present an immanent, and explanatory, critique of reflections on the nature of politics and of power within political science. I argue that these reflections are problematic, to the extent that they presuppose an actualist conception of the political, and that this is generated by an empiricist way of thinking on the one hand and a constructivist way of thinking on the other. I show how re‐defining politics, power, and the political on the basis of a dialectical critical realist ontology resolves these problems and, thereby, allows us to understand the conditions for social change and the relationship between the political and the economic. My argument has two, important implications: first, that the proposal that those who study politics professionally should celebrate philosophical diversity is dangerous–at least if it makes it difficult to sustain a distinct, emancipatory form of political inquiry; and, second, that the nature of social reality justifies the need both for specialized forms of inquiry, such as politics and economics, and integrative forms of inquiry, such as political economy.     

Professional Power and Managerial Control: The Case of GP Assessments of the Over-75S

The creation of Family Health Services Authorities from the old Family Practitioner Committees in 1990 marked a turning point in the introduction of managerialism into primary health care services. One of the FHSAs' first responsibilities was the administration of a new Contract for General Practitioners, which had generated considerable opposition from within the profession. This Contract included a new requirement for GPs to make, each year, a written offer of a health check, at home, to all patients aged 75 and over. Particular scepticism was expressed by GPs about the value and effectiveness of routine annual assessments's of this kind. Drawing on interviews with FHSA managers and their professional medical and nursing advisors, this paper examines the strategies adopted by FHSAs in tackling the administration of this particularly controversial requirement. Although apparently effective in the short-term, the paper concludes that these strategies may have considerable longer-term short-comings. The constraints and pressures experienced by FHSAs and the strategies employed to deal with them provide a useful insight into the tensions generated in the course of developing a managerial relationship with professional practitioners who have traditionally enjoyed very high levels of autonomy and independence.     

六朝世族的政治意识与政治行为——以琅琊王氏为例

六朝世族实际上是世代为官的家族,与政治之间具有非同一般的关系。在此背景下,居于六朝世族之首的琅琊王氏作为最特殊的家族之一,其家族的一切活动始终离不开政治这一主线,对政治更具有超常的依赖性。因此,从微观角度认真探讨琅琊王氏的政治意识与政治行为,对于深入开展六朝政治史研究具有重要的意义。     

论奥运科技如何产业化

2008年北京奥运会是一场竞技体育的盛会,也是一场高新科技的展示会。将奥运科技产业化是奥运会后开发利用奥运财富的重要内容。本文在对奥运科技进行分类综述的基础上,提出了奥运科技产业化潜力的识别指标体系,以及奥运科技产业化或推广应用的体制、方式和模式,并就奥运科技如何产业化提出了具体的建议。     

How to Use the Sourcebook

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