抽样误差与非抽样误差

该文是从美国统计实践方面的教科书上的有关内容编译而来的，文章对抽样误差和非抽样误差分别进行了论述，指出了产生各种误差的原因并列举了由于某些误差因素导致重要调查的失败的案例。     

网络调查的非抽样误差控制及调整方法

在网络调查中,分析和控制非抽样误差是其中的一个核心问题.本文从非抽样误差发生的不同环节,对抽样框误差、无回答误差、回答误差等典型的非抽样误差问题提出了相应的控制和调整的方法,以提高网络调查的准确性和可信度.     

网络调查中的非抽样误差及其预防措施

互联网的迅速发展,给统计调查方法带来了巨大的影响,在互联网的基础之上发展起来的网络调查方法,以其独特的优势,日益受到人们的青睐。本文结合调查误差分析的理论,根据网络自身的特点,分析了网络调查的非抽样误差的来源,并提出了减少误差的方法。     

网上调查的非抽样误差分析

在人类进入 2 1世纪之际 ,网络经济之风扑面而来。Internet丰富的资源、快速便捷的信息传递方式使其成为信息传播媒体中的生力军 ,并以惊人的速度快速地发展着。适应社会经济数字化、网络化的发展趋势 ,网上调查应运而生 ,并在欧、美等互联网发达的国家得到相当程度的应用。在我国 ,随着信息化进程的推进 ,计算机及国际互联网的普及 ,网上调查将有着广阔的发展前景。网上调查是统计调查理论与国际互联网相结合的产物 ,它是以国际互联网作为信息采集的途径和工具 ,在统计调查理论的指导下进行调查设计、组织实施和信息处理 ,因此 ,网上调查…     

非抽样误差成因及改进探析

抽样调查中误差的控制是抽样技术的核心环节。已有的文献对抽样误差的研究成果颇丰,而对非抽样误差的探讨则稍嫌单薄。作者在本文中对几类非抽样误差的成因进行了分析,并提出了改进意见。     

非抽样误差产生的根源及其控制与补救

如何降低或消除非抽样误差一直是一个让统计理论工作者更是统计实践活动中工作人员头疼的问题,这也是抽样调查必须面临的现实问题.为了解决非抽样误差这个难题,文章从这一误差的产生根源入手,对非抽样误差的各种情况进行了原因分析,针对具体情况结合实际提出了可能采取的有效控制手段和事后的常用补救措施来克服这一带有根本性的问题.     

非抽样误差及改进探析

抽样调查中误差的控制是抽样技术的核心环节。已有的文献对抽样误差的研究成果颇丰,而对非抽样误差的探讨则稍嫌单薄。作者在本文中对几类非抽样误差的成因进行了分析,并提出了改进意见。     

非抽样误差视角下普查涵盖误差及其模型研究

根据普查数据生成过程,将实际普查汇总结果与目标总体真值的净误差定义为普查涵盖误差;从非抽样误差的作用分析,提出涵盖误差来源影响的三个假设,并论证采用净误差表现普查涵盖误差的合理性。在此基础上,将涵盖误差的产生机制和普查数据汇总模型结合,构建不同普查类型下计数与内容涵盖误差的模型与误差分解过程;以此论述了非抽样误差对涵盖误差的影响作用,以及计数涵盖误差和内容涵盖误差间的联系,为进一步研究普查数据质量评估与控制奠定理论基础。     

实际操作中的非抽样误差及其控制

一、现状1.抽样框不准确。抽样框不准确包括两种情况,第一种情况是抽样框不完整,即丢失目标总体单位,是指抽样框没有覆盖全部目标总体单位,即有一些目标单位没有在抽样框中出现。显     

Object-Oriented Bayesian Networks for Modeling the Respondent Measurement Error

In this article, Object-Oriented Bayesian Networks (OOBN) are proposed as a tool to model measurement errors in a categorical variable due to respondent. A mixed measurement error model is presented and an OOBN implementing such a model is introduced. The insertion of evidence represented by the observed value and its propagation throughout the network yields for each unit the probability distribution of the true value given the observed. Two methods are used to predict the individual true value and their performance is evaluated via simulation.     

Optimal Binning Strategies under Squared Error Loss in Selective Assembly with Measurement Error

Selective assembly is an effective approach for improving a quality of a product assembled from two types of components, when the quality characteristic is the clearance between the mating components. Mease et al. (2004 Mease , D. , Nair , V. N. , Sudjianto , A. ( 2004 ). Selective assembly in manufacturing: statistical issues and optimal binning strategies . Technometrics 46 : 165 – 175 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) have extensively studied optimal binning strategies under squared error loss in selective assembly, especially for the case when two types of component dimensions are identically distributed. However, the presence of measurement error in component dimensions has not been addressed. Here we study optimal binning strategies under squared error loss when measurement error is present. We give the equations for the optimal partition limits minimizing expected squared error loss, and show that the solution to them is unique when the component dimensions and the measurement errors are normally distributed. We then compare the expected losses of the optimal binning strategies with and without measurement error for normal distribution, and also evaluate the influence of the measurement error.     

Cure Rate Model with Measurement Error

This simulation study focuses on the relative small sample properties of some widely applied predictors in regression with AR(1) errors where there errors are allowed to follow normal and non-normal distributions. The conclusions are: all predictors considered are significantly unbiased; the relative performances of predictors, from the efficiency point of view, seemed insensitive to the nature of the error distribution; and the standard errors of predictors computed from the asymptotic formulas are very useful for purposes of inference in small sample and under all assumed distributions.     

Objective Priors for Parameters in a Normal Linear Regression with Measurement Error

We investigate certain objective priors for the parameters in a normal linear regression models with one of the explanatory variables subject to measurement error. We first show that the use of the standard non informative prior for normal linear regression without measurement error leads to an improper posterior in the measurement error model. We then derive the Jeffreys prior and reference priors, and show that they lead to proper posteriors. We use simulation study to compare the frequentist performance of the estimates derived using these priors, and the MLE.     

Two Pitfalls of Using Standard Regression Diagnostics When Both X and Y Have Measurement Error

Modern exploratory data analysis produces models that are not based on physical theory but that are consistent with pictures of the data. When both X and Y have error this can be risky, because important features are hidden. Two examples are given that show that systematic model departures and heteroscedasticity may not be detectable with standard regression diagnostics.     

对原始资料偏误的监控技术初探——论提高统计数据质量的重要步骤

统计数据质量问题在我国一直是一个比较严重的问题,影响统计数据质量有多种因素,但在以抽样调查为主要调查方式的情况下,抽样的原始资料的偏误是影响统计数据质量的重要因素。原始资料的偏误,主要是在调查过程的计量差错或得到有偏的回答而引起。在现有的研究成果中,只是对调查过程中可能导致原始资料偏误的各种原因作了分析,提出了一些方法,而对已经调查到手的原始资料的质量鉴别技术研究较少。本文旨在为提高统计数据质量,而对其重要的影响因素之一,原始资料的偏误的判定方法进行探讨并给出为消除这种偏误的影响的方法。对一个具体的样本…     

Polynomial Regression and Estimating Functions in the Presence of Multiplicative Measurement Error

We consider the polynomial regression model in the presence of multiplicative measurement error in the predictor. Two general methods are considered, with the methods differing in their assumptions about the distributions of the predictor and the measurement errors. Consistent parameter estimates and asymptotic standard errors are derived by using estimating equation theory. Diagnostics are presented for distinguishing additive and multiplicative measurement error. Data from a nutrition study are analysed by using the methods. The results from a simulation study are presented and the performances of the methods are compared.     

基于数据汇总的普查调查框误差研究

作为一种全面调查,普查数据的生产过程可以视为由个体数据汇总为总量数据的过程.为了开展普查数据质量评估与控制研究,从中国普查调查实施过程共性出发,构建普查数据汇总模型的一般形式,并以此为基础界定普查调查框及其作用,将普查划分为两种类型;同时从普查数据汇总的角度论述普查调查框误差的量化形式,进一步完善单位清查(清查摸底)环节在普查数据汇总中的理论意义.