中国城市人口生活质量区域性量化研究

改革开放30年来,中国城市人口生活质量得到大幅度提高,但是,国内不同区域人口生活质量存在较大的差异。根据统计分析中因子分析和聚类分析的方法,构建评价生活质量的指标体系,运用社会统计学软件SPSS15.0对2005年中国31个地区16项反映城市人口生活质量的截面数据指标进行量化分析。同时,根据计算结果对中国东中西和东北地区4个区域31个地区城市人口生活质量水平进行等级划分和综合评价。     

应用模糊数学综合判断人口年龄结构类型

人口统计中年龄结构类型的划分是根据反映年龄结构的统计指标按规定标准将人口总体分为不同的类型。由于传统方法确定人口类型常出现划分上的矛盾,以及无法描述同类型差异的情况,这里采用了模糊综合评判法。目前模糊综合评判法分为两类:单对象多指标多等级的评价和多对象多指标无等级的评价。通过对这两类方法的改进,兼容它们的优点,扬弃它们的缺点,既能描述等级程度和排序,又能一次性地实现多对象综合评价。     

长春市老年人口生活质量评价

针对我国老年人口生活质量的具体情况,利用国家人口和计划生育委员会与吉林大学"我国老年人生活状况及养老公共服务需求研究"长春市部分的调研数据,采用中华医学会老年医学流行病学学组会议提出的分等加权综合评分法,对长春市老年人口生活质量进行综合评价。将老年人口划分成不同年龄组及不同性别组,分别从经济生活、医疗健康生活、家庭与社会生活、精神生活方面进行老年人口生活质量评价。研究结果显示,长春市老年人口整体生活质量处于中等偏上的水平;女性老年人生活质量略低于男性老年人生活质量;老年人口的生活质量水平随年龄增大而降低。通过实证分析,综合把握长春市老年人口的生活质量现状,明确影响长春市老年人生活质量的相关因素,发现阻碍老年人口生活质量提高的不利因素,就改善长春市老年人生活质量提出对策建议。     

试论我国城乡人口划分标准和城市规模等级问题

城乡人口划分标准和合理城市规模等级问题的研究,具有较大的理论意义和实际价值,历来受到各方面的重视和关注。迄今为止著述良多,其中不乏真知灼见,但因众说纷纭,尚无定论,似有深入商讨之必要。改革、开放以来,我国城乡人口转化的势头十分迅猛,转化形式也纷杂繁多,这种生机勃勃的局面一方面固然标志着我国城镇化进程的迅速发展。另一方面却又增加了划分城乡人口的难度,并进而影响到城镇的设置标准和城市等级规模的确定。因此,探讨适合我国国情的城乡人口划分标准和城市等级规模问题是一件刻不容缓的事情,它将对规划全国或各地区的城镇网络体系,加速农村城镇化进程,制定各种地域层次的经济、社会发展战略,提高地区经济实力和生产力水平,有着十分重要的现实意义。     

中国老年人口生活质量研究

本文运用1990年人口普查及1992年中国老年人供养体系调查资料,将老年人口生活质量分解成3个核心方面,共选择7个核心指标。利用综合评分法建立老年人口生活质量指教,并运用这个指数对我国老主人口生活质量的综合状况、地区之间或城乡之间发展的不平衡状况进行定量的描述和分析。得出如中国老年人口生活质量普遍低下;老年人口物质生活水平不能完全体现老主人口生活质量;中国老年人口生活质量发展的不平衡性主要体现在城乡之间的差异;引起老年人口生活质量城乡差异的主要内在因素是农村老年人口文化水平落后于城市较远等结论,为我国进一步改善老年人口生质量提供理论上的对策依     

城市空巢老人生活质量研究

基于2008年中国健康长寿调查数据,在考虑个体特征及社会支持变量的情况下,应用二分Logit模型,从不同的维度分析考察中国城市空巢老年人口生活质量状况。结果表明,城市空巢老人在生活自理能力、心理健康、健康自评及生活满意度等多个方面都与非空巢老人存在差异,他们的生活质量整体低于非空巢老年人口。     

城市人口生态文明建设及其评价——以中国24城市为例

人口生态文明是生态文明的核心内容。文章通过探讨人口生态文明的内涵及其影响因素,建立了包括人口发展、生产方式、生活方式、消费方式和生态价值观的城市人口生态文明评价指标体系,并运用基于主成分分析法的综合评价模型,以中国24城市为例进行了评价分析,通过聚类研究,指出了这些城市人口生态文明建设中存在的不足,并提出了改进建议。     

中国城市人口划分标准问题研究

近年来,随着对内搞活、对外开放的经济体制改革的深入,中国迈出了城市化加速发展的步伐,城市(包括镇)人门大量增加,由1978年的1.72亿增加到1987年的3.97亿,在不到9年时间里增长1.3倍,实为世界人口城市化史上所不多见。然而这里的城市人口的统计系建立在市、镇建制的基础之上,市、镇设置增加城市人口跟着扩大,市、镇设置减少城市人口跟着缩减,客观上国家行政管理上的市、镇的设置成了划分城市人口的标准。 这种划分标准有它合理的一面,也存在着不少的问题和矛盾,目前这些问题和矛盾已经到了需要解决和可以解决的时候了。这就需要从中国的具体国情出发,并考虑到在国际上具有较大的可比性,制订出科学的划分城市人口的标准,以将总体人口合理地区分为城市人口和乡村人口。     

中国高龄老人生活质量研究

高龄老年人口是老年人口中寿命较长及最脆弱的社会群体.他们的生活质量如何是一个国家的经济和社会发展水平、社会文明程度的重要标志.鉴于有关老年人口特别是高龄老年人口生活质量的评价至今国际社会还没有较成熟的权威性量表,以及"中国高龄老人健康长寿基础调查"资料的限制,本文就上述调查所提供的资料,对中国80岁及以上高龄老年人口的生活质量做初步探讨.     

城市劳动适龄人口死亡态度的影响因素分析

死亡态度直接影响个体的生命和生活质量。利用在成都市城市社区进行的抽样调查数据,对影响城市劳动适龄人口死亡态度的个人和家庭因素进行分析。结果发现,文化程度、婚姻状况、身体健康状况和家庭谈论死亡情况是影响城市劳动适龄人口死亡态度的因素。高文化程度和忌讳谈论死亡的家庭环境对城市劳动适龄人口的死亡态度有负向影响,在婚增加城市劳动适龄人口对死亡排斥的倾向性,患有慢性病或自评精神健康好的城市劳动适龄人口更倾向于接受死亡。研究结果可为城市劳动适龄人口的死亡教育的实施、保障和促进该群体的生命、生活质量的提高提供有益的参考。     

Differentials in divorce in maryland

The basic data needed for measurement of the risks of termination of the legal relationship of marriage by characteristics of the marital partners are not available at this time for the United States because the national divorce registration area includes less than half the States. Special studies based on selected census data or the records of marriages and divorces occurring in one State or community have provided much of the valuable but limited information at hand. Statistics for individual States are subject to substantial bias as a consequence of inter-State migration between time of marriage and time of divorce, but they must serve as a basic data source until national reporting has improved. A record linkage study was undertaken which tied marriages occurring in the State of Maryland in 1959 with divorces occurring in the State in the years 1959–66. Relative, not actual, divorce risks by race, age at marriage, and previous marital status were calculated for couples with at least one partner an in-State resident at the time of marriage. The dissolution rate was higher for whites than for nonwhites. Marriages contracted by persons at very youthful ages and by persons who had been married previously were found subject to greater than average risks of dissolution through divorce.     

城市计划生育技术服务方式创新--南京市玄武区政府购买计划生育技术服务的实践

建立政府牵头、计卫联手、资源共享的计划生育技术服务体系 ,开展以知识普及、知情选择、随访服务、咨询指导、健康促进为主要内容的计划生育避孕节育和生殖保健优质服务 ,最大限度地满足社区育龄群众在计划生育和生殖保健方面的需求 ,是城市计划生育技术服务改革发展的方向1 。近几年 ,南京市玄武区计划生育局在区委、区政府的领导以及省市计生委的支持下 ,根据新时期城市计划生育工作改革发展要求 ,积极推进政府计划生育部门的职能转变 ,探索计划生育技术服务方式的改革创新 ,尝试依托社区医疗卫生和妇幼保健服务网络 ,由政府购买计划生育…     

Major Tasks in Health and Family Planning in China in 2015

On January 12,2015,at the regular press briefing of National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC),NHFPC reported the major tasks in health and family planning in China in 2015.The details are as follows:In-depth Development of Medical and Health System Reform In-depth Development of Medical and Health System Reform.     

Increases in childlessness in New Zealand

New Zealand’s fertility fell below the theoretical replacement level (2.1 births per woman) for the first time in recorded history in 1978. It has hovered at or below replacement level ever since. The result, an impression of relative stability, belies changes taking place. Data from the 1981, 1996 and 2006 censuses show a pattern of delayed childbearing and increased childlessness. In a little over 30 years, childlessness has shifted from being almost entirely a consequence of a couple’s infecundity to being as frequently a result of a woman’s life choices. The steady rises in childlessness recorded by successive cohorts suggest that childlessness is already having a significant effect on New Zealand fertility. Patterns in characteristics of those women choosing not to start families, as well as subtle differences in these patterns between New Zealand and other developed nations, suggest that there is a significant potential for childlessness to cause a more dramatic shift in New Zealand’s total fertility rate. This analysis examines growth in childlessness in relation to marital status, country of birth, ethnicity, regional and urban differentials, religion, and educational attainment of women who were childless at the 1981, 1996 and 2006 censuses.

Shifts in Reproductive Patterns in China

The People's Republic of China, during the second half of the twentieth century, has been repeatedly affected by social and political upheavals associated with government policies. These have produced strong but unexpected impacts on Chinese demographic patterns. Many of these policies are of the sorts that alter reproductive costs and benefits. This study examines patterns in Hebei, Shaanxi, and Shanghai, three provinces with differing ecological, geographic, and economic characteristics. Government policies affected the three populations differentially; this was evident at both aggregate and individual levels. The Great Leap Forward and subsequent famine created higher birth deficits and mortality among the largely rural populations of Hebei and Shaanxi than the more urban Shanghai. In contrast, the Cultural Revolution and family planning resulted in lower fertility levels for women in Shanghai. The population history of China during the second half of last century thus reflects strong state interventions in the lives of its citizens. Government policies, along with regional variations in geographic, social, and economic conditions, strongly influence individual access to resources in China. Variations in timing and intensity of women's reproductive patterns reflect differential access to resources and subsequent trade-offs.     

Materialism in Pedagogy Students in Chile

Many studies have used Richins and Dawson’s (J Consum Res 19: 303–316, 1992) Material Values Scale (MVS), applying it to different types of populations that exhibit a particular psychometric behavior, and showing little stability in their factorial structure. In the present study, 1,070 pedagogy students from the northern, central and southern regions of Chile answered the MVS. This sample was randomly divided in two. Using the first sub-sample (N = 539), an exploratory factorial analysis was carried out, from which a structure of nine items was grouped into two factors called “Social Success” and “Personal Happiness”, which presented adequate reliability. Later, with the second sub-sample (N = 531), the factorial structure indicated above was put to the test through a confirmatory factorial analysis. The data from the model show that the scale contains 8 items in total, grouped into two dimensions. The factorial loads are significant at the level of 1 %, which indicates that the 2-factor structure can be confirmed. Finally—using the proposed structure—the presence of the students’ material values was evaluated.     

论西部开发中的城市发展问题

本文在对近20年来我国城市发展进行回顾与反思的基础上,提出了西部制定城市发展战略和选择城市发展道路的基本原则以及若干城市发展对策措施.     

Trends in life expectancy in wellbeing

Objectives: This paper describes anddiscusses trends in life expectancy inwellbeing between 1989 and 1998.Methods: Data on wellbeing by theBradburn Affect Balance Scale is obtained fromthe Netherlands Continuous Health InterviewSurveys for the calendar years from 1989 to1998. Using Sullivan's method, life expectancyin wellbeing is calculated.Results: For males at the age of 16, lifeexpectancy in wellbeing increases significantlyfrom 52.7 years in 1989 (90.1% of the totallife expectancy) to 54.4 years in 1998(90.8%). This increase is almost completelycaused by the increase in total lifeexpectancy. For females at the age of 16, lifeexpectancy in wellbeing raises significant from54.4 years in 1989 (84.1%) to 56.2 years in1998 (86.3%). This increase is almostcompletely caused by a decrease in the numberof years in a state of distress.For both males and females at the age of 65,the significant increase of life expectancy inwellbeing exceeds the increase in total lifeexpectancy and is mainly caused by the decreasein number of years in distress.Conclusion: Contrary to life expectancyin good perceived health and to disability freelife expectancy – which show a decreasing trend– the overall wellbeing of the population isincreasing. It seems that aspects in human lifethat contribute to wellbeing or quality of lifeother than physical health are gaining inimportance. This makes life expectancy inwellbeing a less appropriate instrument tomonitor changes in population health, but auseful instrument to measure population qualityof life.     

Changes in Living Standards and Depopulation in Latvia in the 1990s

Social Indicators Research -     

"非典"期间全国农村地区跨省流入人口调查数据分析

在2003年抗击非典的关键时期,国家人口和计划生育委员会进行了全国农村地区跨省流入人口的调查.本文着重分析这项调查所获得的数据,并对数据的一致性做出说明.既揭示了我国农村流动人口的基本特征和非典时期农村人口流动的规模和流向特点,又反映了非典对这一时期全国人口的流动所产生的影响,同时展示了我国抗击非典工作在农村地区所取得的成绩.