Varieties of indebtedness: Financialization and mortgage market institutions in Europe

During the global housing boom that preceded the 2007–9 financial crisis, household debt increased substantially in many European countries, posing a challenge for literature on financialization and the institutional heterogeneity of mortgage markets. This paper examines recent institutional shifts in European mortgage markets and specifies three analytically distinct models of debt accumulation: inclusion, extension and intensity. While existing research has emphasized inclusion (access to homeownership), we show that financial intensification is an important determinant of cross-national variation in debt. We assess the variation in financial intensity in six European countries (France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain) using household-level survey data. Our results show that inclusion and expansion explain only part of the cross-national variation in mortgage debt to income ratios. Furthermore, household financial behavior is consistent with the financial intensity model, and variation in the degree of financial intensification explains a substantial portion of the cross-national difference in debt levels.     

《女神》与《青春》:重铸现代国魂的共同追求--郭沫若与李大钊探索救国之路的一段精神联系

郭沫若与李大钊在探索救国之路过程中,曾有一段心神相通、旗鼓相应的密切联系.在清末立宪运动中,他们作为天津和四川的学生领袖,曾共同为重建现代国体而发动罢课与请愿斗争.1913年冬赴日留学后,李大钊以论文《青春》、郭沫若以新诗《女神》又为再造中华和重铸国魂而发出共同的爱国主义心声.《女神》是李大钊青春思想的诗化;《青春》是郭沫若理想国家的象征女神的理性化身.     

聚焦文学:《新青年》中浙江作家群凸现的意义

探讨《新青年》与中国新文学的关系,从文学性视角切入至关重要。《新青年》中以周氏兄弟领衔的浙江作家群体阵容壮观,在各个文学领域都有开拓者之功,这可以从一个重要侧面展示《新青年》对于中国新文学的开拓、创造意义。     

Education and religion: Individual, congregational, and cross-level interaction effects on biblical literalism

Using ideas from cultural and organizational theory, I examine the interplay of individual and congregation-level educational attainment on biblical literalism. Data on 387 congregations and 100,009 worshippers (US Congregational Life Survey, 2001) are used to test hypotheses. Results indicate that the effects of congregational education and individual educational attainment are among the largest effects in models. This study is the first to show that regardless of an individual’s own education, affirmations of biblical literalism are less likely when persons with higher education dominate a congregation. This finding brings into relief the important role of social context in persons’ belief in biblical literalism. Additionally, congregational education amplifies the influence of individual education on biblical literalism such that the gap in belief between college/non-college education individuals widens in high education congregations. This finding suggests that high education persons more deeply absorb the influence of a more educated congregational context.     

不可复制的青春——“80后”的退场与青春片的“终结”

2010年以来的华语电影版图中,青春片所形成的银幕影响无法令人忽视,同时这批影片也呈现出了较为典型的类型电影特征.但是,如果将其作为一个完整的文化景观进行分析,可以发现青春片背后的叙事动力并非是具有普遍意义的青年文化动力,而是中国“80后”群体的现实焦虑与文化诉求.这不仅意味着近年来的青春片需要一个剥离出“青春电影”后独立的观察视角,而且意味着这一文化景观内的青春片恰恰是具有独特的时代特征,而只能向内繁衍却不可向外复制.随着2016年以来青春片的式微以及具有“青春终结”符号意义的文本出现,这种青春片的不可复制性特征也显得更为确凿.     

Skill and education effects on earnings in 18 Countries: The role of national educational institutions

This study investigates whether the mechanisms why education is rewarded vary across countries. Do educational institutions affect the likelihood that support for a particular mechanism is found? Combining IALS survey data and OECD statistics on educational institutions, it was shown that the effect of measured skill on earnings - controlled for educational attainment - is lower in countries where educational institutions produce skills relevant for work through the vocational system. This indicates that the human capital perspective on education works particularly well in vocationally oriented educational systems, as the skills generated in education are strongly overlapping with the skills that are rewarded. An alternative mechanism sees education as a means for social closure through credentialization. Under the credentialization model, education is not primarily rewarded for the productivity-enhancing skills it entails, but rather for reasons unrelated to productivity. Following this theory education is used for selection into the organization, after which directly observable skills are determining wages. Assuming that a strongly differentiated educational system creates boundaries between social groups, it is hypothesized that strongly differentiated systems lead to stronger measured skill effects. We do not find support for this hypothesis.     

红色资源开发在大学生党团教育活动中的运用探研

红色资源是中国共产党在领导中国人民进行革命和建设的长期实践中所形成的伟大革命精神及其载体。对它进行开发和挖掘,无论对于进一步坚定大学生党团员的理想信念,还是丰富他们的教育方式和增强教育实效都具有十分重要的意义。尽管目前在大学生党团教育活动中对红色资源的开发整合还存在着一些不足之处,但只要结合大学生的实际情况建立起有效机制,就一定能充分发挥它在大学生党团教育活动中的作用。     

Neighbourhood effects on educational attainment of adolescents,buffered by personality and educational commitment

Research has repeatedly shown that neighbourhood disadvantage negatively influences individual educational outcomes. However, the great variation in outcomes indicates substantial unobserved heterogeneity. Looking at the rates of obtaining a basic educational qualification, the hypothesis is that individual traits of adolescents can buffer neighbourhood effects. First, adolescents with a more resilient personality may be better able to cope with neighbourhood adversity. And second, educational commitments might buffer adolescents from negative neighbourhood influences. These hypotheses are tested employing survival analysis, using six wave panel data, containing information on ten years of adolescents’ lives. The results show that resilients experience no negative influence of neighbourhood disadvantage, while both undercontrollers and overcontrollers do. And, the stronger adolescents’ educational commitments, the less they experience the negative effect of neighbourhood adversity. In sum, neighbourhood effects are found, but not for everybody.     

坚持实事求是原则保证思想教育"主渠道"的畅通和高效--南开大学公共理论课教育教学状况调研报告

综合分析我校公共理论课教育教学状况的调研结果,可见我校公共课近年来取得的主要成绩有公共课课程体系、课程设置、课程内容得以规范化;教学方法和教学手段不断改进;信息化技术得到较广泛应用;师资队伍建设取得成效;科研水平和学科建设得到明显提高.但还存在许多问题联系学生不够;课程设置不尽合理;教师队伍有待加强.调查的结论和建议是科学而客观地估价公共理论课的目前形势;党的要求和学生的需要是我们保持信心的基础,坚持实事求是是保证公共理论课实效性的前提;进一步加强公共理论课师资队伍建设;通过思想政治教育学科建设带动教学质量的稳步提高.     

Intergenerational effects of shifts in women’s educational distribution in South Korea: Transmission, differential fertility, and assortative mating

This study examines the intergenerational effects of changes in women’s education in South Korea. We define intergenerational effects as changes in the distribution of educational attainment in an offspring generation associated with the changes in a parental generation. Departing from the previous approach in research on social mobility that has focused on intergenerational association, we examine the changes in the distribution of educational attainment across generations. Using a simulation method based on Mare and Maralani’s recursive population renewal model, we examine how intergenerational transmission, assortative mating, and differential fertility influence intergenerational effects. The results point to the following conclusions. First, we find a positive intergenerational effect: improvement in women’s education leads to improvement in daughter’s education. Second, we find that the magnitude of intergenerational effects substantially depends on assortative marriage and differential fertility: assortative mating amplifies and differential fertility dampens the intergenerational effects. Third, intergenerational effects become bigger for the less educated and smaller for the better educated over time, which is a consequence of educational expansion. We compare our results with Mare and Maralani’s original Indonesian study to illustrate how the model of intergenerational effects works in different socioeconomic circumstances.     

高校共青团工作发展的有效途径

新时期教育体制改革的深入和素质教育工作的开展,一方面拓宽了共青团的职能领域,另一方面给原有的团组织工作模式、运作载体和理论机制提出了严峻的考验。十七大报告指出要深入贯彻落实科学发展观,坚持以人为本,优先发展教育,建设人力资源强国。论文围绕着对新时期高校共青团工作坚持贯彻科学发展观提出了新的要求,对高校共青团实际工作中的校园文化建设、学生会组织建设、学生社团建设、以及未来发展的创新试点工作建设进行了初步探讨。     

The social and genetic inheritance of educational attainment: Genes,parental education,and educational expansion

Recently, several genome-wide association studies of educational attainment have found education-related genetic variants and enabled the integration of human inheritance into social research. This study incorporates the newest education polygenic score (Lee et al., 2018) into sociological research, and tests three gene-environment interaction hypotheses on status attainment. Using the Health and Retirement Study (N = 7599), I report three findings. First, a standard deviation increase in the education polygenic score is associated with a 58% increase in the likelihood of advancing to the next level of education, while a standard deviation increase in parental education results in a 53% increase. Second, supporting the Saunders hypothesis, the genetic effect becomes 11% smaller when parental education is one standard deviation higher, indicating that highly educated parents are more able to preserve their family's elite status in the next generation. Finally, the genetic effect is slightly greater for the younger cohort (1942–59) than the older cohort (1920–41). The findings strengthen the existing literature on the social influences in helping children achieve their innate talents.     

Not a family matter: The effects of religiosity on academic outcomes based on evidence from siblings

Religiosity has been positively linked with multiple measures of academic success, but it is unclear whether the “effect” of religiosity on academic outcomes is causal or spurious. One source of heterogeneity that may contribute to a child's level of religiosity and his/her academic success is family background. This paper is the first to use sibling differences to estimate the associations between religiosity on short and long-term academic success. Our analysis yields two main results. First, more religious adolescents earned higher GPAs in high school, even after including family fixed effects. Second, because they earned higher GPAs in high school, more religious adolescents completed more years of education 14 years after their religiosity was measured. Our findings suggest that adolescents' religious commitments influence their schooling in both the short and long term and should be more actively included and theorized as important drivers of educational and economic stratification.     

关于中国隐性养老金债务问题研究

隐性养老金债务(IPD)是中国养老金体系面临的主要问题。中国IPD来源于两个规定受益的养老金计划:现收现付制(PAYG)的社会统筹帐户和基金制(FUND)的个人帐户。受诸因素的综合影响,中国IPD规模达到5.5~9万亿;同时由于IPD属于政府、企业及个人的共同责任,故解决中国IDP问题是一项牵扯面广、持续时间长的系统工程,可采取削减规模、调整财政支出结构、资产债务互换、开征专项税、发行特种债券、建立储备基金、调整人口结构等多种经济和社会措施。     

阶级、性别与身份：民国时期“太太”的文化建构

民国时期的＂太太＂不仅是一种称呼,还是一个社会类别。其具有阶级、性别与身份的文化内涵：太太是上流社会男性妻子的专用称谓,这些男性包括达官贵人和新兴的资产阶级;尽管她们受过教育、具有现代性,但是因其缺乏独立人格和国民身份,受到知识分子的批判。此外,她们仍然处于传统的社会性别权力秩序之下。     

《我妻我女》:一个教育与影视人类学的研究展示

家庭教育、学校教育和独生子女教育是目前比较热门的话题,人类学有其独特的考察视角。影片《我妻我女》通过捕捉一对母女生活中的交往过程,展示了独生子女家庭在应对急剧变化的外在世界时所面临的矛盾和困惑。这一作品展示了教育人类学观察世界的独特视角、独特维度。     

高校招生制度改革的脉络、现状和走向——兼论公平和素质作为高考改革的两个坐标

恢复高考以来,高校招生制度处于动态改革完善之中,本文梳理了历史脉络,解剖了基于高中新课改的新一轮高考改革的现状,提炼了近年高考改革的价值取向和主线,着重讨论了公平和素质这两个要素对高考改革的制约作用,展望了高考制度的走向.     

申领居民身份证中指纹信息法律保护的范畴､困境与化解进路

指纹信息作为关涉人格尊严和人格平等的个人信息,兼具生物辨识性和个人敏感性,承载着应受法律保护的人格利益。作为公民必不可少的身份证明文件,居民身份证的领取与否直接影响着个体权利在现实生活中的享有与实践。国家要求公民申领居民身份证时登记指纹信息可能存在比例原则之有违困境。针对上述困境,在完善我国公民申领居民身份证指纹信息的法律保护时,应以特殊化保护?精细化保护与体系化保护为化解进路,在个人信息保护和国家为公众利益收集利用个人信息之间?在指纹信息保护和公民身份证明之间达至理性平衡。     

The declining influence of family background on educational attainment in Australia: The role of measured and unmeasured influences

The paper examines changes in the influence of family background, including socioeconomic and social background variables on educational attainment in Australia for cohorts born between 1890 and 1982. We test hypotheses from modernization theory on sibling data using random effects models and find: (i) substantial declines in the influence of family background on educational attainment (indicated by the sibling intraclass correlations); (ii) declines in the effects of both economic and cultural socioeconomic background variables; (iii) changes in the effects of some social background variables (e.g., family size); (iv) and declines in the extent that socioeconomic and social background factors account for variation in educational attainment. Unmeasured family background factors are more important, and proportionally increasingly so, for educational attainment than the measured socioeconomic and social background factors analyzed. Fixed effects models showed steeper declines in the effects of socioeconomic background variables than in standard analyses suggesting that unmeasured family factors associated with socioeconomic background obscure the full extent of the decline.     

Measurement,methods, and divergent patterns: Reassessing the effects of same-sex parents

Scholars have noted that survey analysis of small subsamples—for example, same-sex parent families—is sensitive to researchers’ analytical decisions, and even small differences in coding can profoundly shape empirical patterns. As an illustration, we reassess the findings of a recent article by Regnerus regarding the implications of being raised by gay and lesbian parents. Taking a close look at the New Family Structures Study (NFSS), we demonstrate the potential for misclassifying a non-negligible number of respondents as having been raised by parents who had a same-sex romantic relationship. We assess the implications of these possible misclassifications, along with other methodological considerations, by reanalyzing the NFSS in seven steps. The reanalysis offers evidence that the empirical patterns showcased in the original Regnerus article are fragile—so fragile that they appear largely a function of these possible misclassifications and other methodological choices. Our replication and reanalysis of Regnerus’s study offer a cautionary illustration of the importance of double checking and critically assessing the implications of measurement and other methodological decisions in our and others’ research.