Feeding the pipeline: Gender,occupational plans,and college major selection

In this article, we analyze gender differences in college major selection for respondents to the Education Longitudinal Study (2002–2006), focusing on educational pathways through college that lead to science, engineering, or doctoral-track medicine occupations and to non-doctoral track clinical and health sciences occupations. We show that gender differences in college major selection remain substantial, even for a cohort in which rates of enrollment in postsecondary education are more than ten percent higher for young women than for young men. Consistent with other recent research, we demonstrate that neither gender differences in work–family goals nor in academic preparation explain a substantial portion of these differences. However, the occupational plans of high school seniors are strong predictors of initial college major selection, a finding that is revealed only when occupational plans are measured with sufficient detail, here by using the verbatim responses of students. We also find that the association between occupational plans and college major selection is not attributable to work–family orientation or academic preparation. Finally, we find gender differences in the associations between occupational plans and college major selection that are consistent with prior research on STEM attrition, as well as with the claim that attrition also affects the selection of majors that are gateways into doctoral-track medicine. We discuss the implications of the predictive power of occupational plans formed in adolescence for understanding sex segregation and for policies intended to create a gender-balanced STEM and doctoral-level medical workforce.     

Applying to college: Do information deficits lower the likelihood of college-eligible students from less-privileged families to pursue their college intentions?: Evidence from a field experiment

Information deficits are considered an important source of why students from less-privileged families do not enroll in college, even when they are college-eligible and intend to go to college. In this paper, we examine whether correct and detailed information on the costs of and returns to higher education increases the likelihood of college applications of less-privileged high school graduates who expressed college intentions in their junior high school year. We employ an experimental design with a randomly assigned 25-minute information treatment about funding opportunities for, and returns to, higher education given at Berlin schools awarding university entrance qualifications. Our analyses show that our information treatment indeed substantially increases the likelihood of treated less-privileged students to apply to college. Our study indicates that our low-cost provision of financial information not only increased their college knowledge but also substantially changed their college application behavior, despite other existing barriers, like economic constraints.     

Disentangling the role of income in the academic achievement of migrant children

Poverty has a well-established association with poor developmental outcomes in children but is often found to be a weak predictor of outcomes for migrant children. Building on theory focused on the developmental competencies of minority children, the current study used a systematic and novel analytic approach to disentangle the relationship between income and developmental outcomes for different groups of migrant children. Utilizing a population-based cohort of children in British Columbia, Canada (N = 23,154), the study examined whether income differently predicted the kindergarten to Grade 7 (K-7) literacy and numeracy trajectories of migrant children (economic, family, and refugee groups), in comparison to non-migrants. By applying Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM), the study found that lower income was generally associated with lower K-7 literacy and numeracy achievement trajectories. The relationship between income and achievement did not differ for migrant children in comparison to non-migrant children, with the exception of one sub-group of high-achieving economic class migrant children, which appeared to be less impacted by low income levels. Follow-up binomial logistic regression analysis found that parental education levels at migration and English language ability predicted which migrant children would be high literacy and numeracy achievers despite low income. The results suggest that basic associations between poverty and the outcomes of migrant children mask an underlying complexity: For most migrant children, poverty was just as predictive of detrimental academic outcomes as it was for non-migrant children and being in the exceptional sub-group of high-achieving, low-income migrant children was partly accounted for by other protective factors.     

Not a family matter: The effects of religiosity on academic outcomes based on evidence from siblings

Religiosity has been positively linked with multiple measures of academic success, but it is unclear whether the “effect” of religiosity on academic outcomes is causal or spurious. One source of heterogeneity that may contribute to a child's level of religiosity and his/her academic success is family background. This paper is the first to use sibling differences to estimate the associations between religiosity on short and long-term academic success. Our analysis yields two main results. First, more religious adolescents earned higher GPAs in high school, even after including family fixed effects. Second, because they earned higher GPAs in high school, more religious adolescents completed more years of education 14 years after their religiosity was measured. Our findings suggest that adolescents' religious commitments influence their schooling in both the short and long term and should be more actively included and theorized as important drivers of educational and economic stratification.     

论提升高校教学过程的经济价值性对大学生素质培养的重要性

造成当前我国大学生就业难问题的一个重要原因就是高校在教育结构和教育质量等方面存在问题,使培养出来的学生在素质上与社会要求存在较大差距。如何使高校的教学目的、课程体系、教学内容、教学方法、教师素质、学生的人才培养模式等建设具有较高的经济价值性,较好地符合社会提出的人才素质培养要求,已成为高校教育建设一个亟待解决的重要问题。基于对高校教学各环节、各组成部分在人才培养上的经济价值程度的分析,提出相应的解决对策。     

The role of family relationships in the psychological wellbeing of interracially dating adolescents

We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine the role of family relationships in explaining why interracially dating youth have poorer psychological wellbeing than youth with same-race partners. Results indicate that interracial daters experience more symptoms of depression and anxiety and poorer family relationships than do same-race daters. The additive effects of their lower levels of family support and poorer quality parent-child relationships, however, do little to explain interracial daters' more negative wellbeing outcomes. The negative effects of interracial dating hold similarly for boys and girls and among White and Black youth. Interracial dating less negatively effects the depressive symptomatology of Hispanics, though, and actually appears to “protect” Asian youth from depressive symptoms. Our findings highlight the psychological wellbeing risks faced by many interracially dating youth and the protective benefits of close and supportive family relationships for romantically-involved adolescents in general.     

构建创新性高校学生工作实践育人体系研究

如何构建高校实践育人体系是新时期高校学生工作队伍必须深度思考的一项重要内容,建立科学有效的实践育人体系,对深化教育体制改革和推进高校素质教育质量,服务和推动区域社会经济发展都具有十分重要的意义。     

主体性教育理念与大学生心理素质培养

主体性教育旨在承认、尊重受教育者的主体地位 ,弘扬受教育者主体性 ,使他们具有自我教育、自我管理和自我完善的能力。长期以来 ,由于缺乏主体性教育理念 ,已严重影响了大学生心理素质的健康发展。如何运用主体性教育 ,建构学生在心理健康教育中的主体地位 ,激发学生主体意识 ,缓解大学生心理危机 ,探寻培养大学生良好心理素质的有效途径 ,已成为高校学生工作的一个重要课题。     

No place like home? Familism and Latino/a–white differences in college pathways

Recent research has argued that familism, defined as a cultural preference for privileging family goals over individual goals, may discourage some Latino/a youth from applying to and attending college, particularly if they must leave home (Desmond and López Turley, 2009). Using data from the Education Longitudinal Study, we find that Latino/a students and parents indeed have stronger preferences than white students and parents for living at home during college. For students, most differences in preferences for proximate colleges are explained by socioeconomic status, academic achievement and high school/regional differences. Moreover, controlling for socioeconomic background and prior achievement explains most racial/ethnic gaps in college application and attendance among high school graduates, suggesting that familism per se is not a significant deterrent to college enrollment above and beyond these more primary factors. However, results indicate generational differences; cultural factors may contribute to racial/ethnic gaps in parental preferences for children to remain at home.     

独立学院独立性问题研究综述

独立学院是高等教育大众化进程中诞生的新生事物,从最初的公有民办二级学院改名为独立学院,正是其发展经受实践检验、不断适应我国现阶段高等教育发展需要的过程。“独立”所诠释的不仅是身份认证,更标识了独立学院未来的发展道路。独立学院独立性问题近年来得到高等教育界的普遍关注,本文拟对相关学术文章进行综合评述,以期为其他研究者提供参考和借鉴。     

论习近平青年观指导高校学生工作的实践价值

习近平青年观是马克思主义青年观在市场化和网络化时代的新发展,也是开展青年工作、促使青年成长成才的重要理论指导,对于优化高校的思政、就业和管理等学生工作具有重要意义。当前高校以习近平青年观为指导开展学生工作,在思政、就业、管理和安全等学生工作中取得了丰硕成就,但也面临着思政工作效果不佳、大学生就业质量不高、学生管理方式僵化、学生安全事件屡发等问题。所以应该以习近平青年观指导高校学生工作改革,创新学生思政工作的理念、方法和平台,完善学生就业指导机制、创新创业平台,完善学生安全管理机制,推动学生管理规范化和法治化建设。     

新时期地方普通高校共青团干部作风问题及其对策研究

新时期的地方普通高校共青团干部不仅担负着带领广大大学生青年团员构建社会主义和谐社会的重要历史使命,也是加强大学生思想政治教育的重要力量。加强地方普通高校共青团干部作风建设意义重大。以此针对当前地方普通高校共青团干部作风存在的问题进行分析,并提出相关改革措施。     

Family structure and the intergenerational transmission of educational advantage

I examine whether the effect of parents’ education on children’s educational achievement and attainment varies by family structure and, if so, whether this can be explained by differential parenting practices. Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988, I find that as parents’ education increases, children in single mother families experience a lower boost in their achievement test scores, likelihood of attending any post-secondary schooling, likelihood of completing a 4-year college degree, and years of completed schooling relative to children living with both biological parents. Differences in parents’ educational expectations, intergenerational closure, and children’s involvement in structured leisure activities partially explain these status transmission differences by family structure. The findings imply that, among children with highly educated parents, children of single mothers are less likely to be highly educated themselves relative to children who grow up with both biological parents.     

高校贫困生资助工作存在的问题与对策

到目前为止,虽然国家已经对高校贫困生出台了很多政策,针对贫困生的教育资助也的确减轻了贫困生家庭的经济负担,但资助工作仍存在着一些问题。作者通过对秦皇岛市七所高校的调查访谈和分析,认为我国高校的贫困生资助工作存在资金总额总体不足、且构成比例不合理、贷学贷款制度不健全等问题。为了做好高校贫困生的资助工作,今后,必须构建高校贫困生资助体系的新模式,政府要成为高校贫困生资助工作的政策支持者和经济资助者;高校要成为学生资助工作体系的教育和管理主体;同时成立专门的教育银行,并使其成为国家助学贷款工作的金融主体。     

Incomplete equalization: The effect of tracking in secondary education on educational inequality

This paper tests whether the existence of vocationally oriented tracks within a traditionally academically oriented upper education system reduces socioeconomic inequalities in educational attainment. Based on a statistical model of educational transitions and data on two entire cohorts of Danish youth, we find that (1) the vocationally oriented tracks are less socially selective than the traditional academic track; (2) attending the vocationally oriented tracks has a negative effect on the likelihood of enrolling in higher education; and (3) in the aggregate the vocationally oriented tracks improve access to lower-tier higher education for low-SES students. These findings point to an interesting paradox in that tracking has adverse effects at the micro-level but equalizes educational opportunities at the macro-level. We also discuss whether similar mechanisms might exist in other educational systems.     

对当代大学生进行思想政治教育的新途径

与时代同步、与时俱进是高校思想政治教育工作的鲜明特征,在新的时代背景下,如何对当代大学生进行高校思想政治教育工作,是高校思想政治教育者面临的新课题。只有从更新教育观念、创新教育模式、淡化意识形态色彩和充分发挥各方力量等方面入手,探索对当代大学生进行思想政治教育的新途径,才能扎实有效地做好大学生的思想政治教育工作,从而对大学生负责,对社会团结稳定负责,对国家繁荣发展负责。     

微信公众平台在高校思想政治教育中的应用

微时代,以微信为代表的新媒体深刻改变了高校的教育环境?教育对象和思想政治教育本身?在此背景下,高校应主动利用微信等新媒体拓展教育阵地,在充分了解微信公众平台所具有的群体?功能?传播及成本优势的基础上,厘清微信公众平台应用于思想政治教育的总体思路和具体目标,充分挖掘和发挥微信公众平台在高校思想政治教育中的作用和价值。文章阐明了微信公众平台的具体应用路径,以期提高微时代高校思想政治教育的信度和效度?     

Race/ethnicity,human capital,and the selection of young children into early childhood education

Mexican-origin families face complex ethnic and immigration-based barriers to enrollment in early childhood education programs. As such, reducing barriers to enrollment for this population requires a better understanding of how Mexican-origin families work with, against, or around both general and group-specific constraints on educational opportunities. Using the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Birth Cohort, this study tailored broad social theory to the experience of Mexican-origin families to examine associations between human capital considerations and early childhood education enrollment within this population. Results supported the hypothesis that human capital considerations would be associated with early childhood care and education and provide limited evidence for the expectation that this link would be stronger for Mexican-origin families.     

基于家庭文化教育资本视阈下核心素养的获得途径探析

布迪厄提出的“文化资本”概念,将家庭教育作为与经济投资并重的影响子女教育表现的主因。关注核心素养教育,不仅是教育机构的任务,更是家庭教育的重要使命。从家庭文化教育资本视阈下,通过对家庭文化资本理论、核心素养内涵的诠释,来梳理影响子女核心素养的家庭文化资本要素,进而提出发挥政府的教育文化引导作用,加强学校文化教育建设,优化家庭文化环境等建议,来促进家庭文化资本在提升子女核心素养中的获得途径。     

Scaling the prestige,authority, and income potential of college curricula

This paper develops the concept of “targeted education,” a theoretical ranking of college curricula, into a multidimensional framework. The new scales, based on the traditional stratification dimensions, prestige, authority, and income, are then used in a study of sex differences in the process of occupational achievement among men and women with college degrees. The targeted education scales predict occupational prestige and wages 7 years after the college degree, and they point out interesting differences between male and female attainment processes. In general, targeted education has a greater quantitative impact for men's occupational outcomes than for women's prestige and income, but results also suggest significant qualitative differences between men and women. A large proportion of women target their education toward, and end up in, an under-employed labor pool for the primary and secondary school system.