ERP实施中的知识转移能力评价研究

知识转移在ERP实施过程中起着举足轻重的作用,影响到ERP实施的成败。本文从ERP实施过程中知识转移的内容出发,提出了知识转移能力评价模型,并采用了层次分析法确定了相关因子的影响力排序。     

SECI在ERP实施中的应用研究

本文详细分析了ERP系统在企业内的实施过程、ERP实施各方所具备的知识在相互之间流动的过程及其影响因素,对知识转移所面临的困难和知识转移的方式进行了研究。通过对SECI知识螺旋模型的研究,分析了该模型在ERP实施过程中的应用实践,提出了一些方法和途径以提高ERP相关知识在实施各方之间转移的效率,从而达到ERP相关知识能够在实施各方之间快速、高效地流动的目的。     

ERP系统实施过程中的知识转移

ERP系统实施的关键因素之一是知识转移是否成功.本文从ERP系统实施的目标出发,提出知识转移的目标和内容,根据知识转移的目标和内容分析知识转移的层次,进而论述了知识转移的管理内容,要把握知识转移的规律,对知识转移进行评估,提高知识转移的效率.     

ERP项目中的后期运维研究

ERP是一个庞大的信息管理系统,在ERP实施的各个阶段中,后期运维重要,它是整个ERP系统长期有效运行的有力保障。本文从ERP项目后期运维的地位、运维的不同阶段、运维的支持体系、运维过程中的知识体现以及运维所起的作用等方面对ERP项目后期运维进行全面研究。     

影响ERP成功应用的关键因素因果模型——上线后的视角

以往研究识别了大量的ERP实施关键成功因素,但对上线后的应用关注较少,对关键成功因素之间的关系研究就更少。本文采用ERP系统上线后的视角,通过一个两阶段定性研究探索并构建影响ERP成功应用的关键因素因果模型。第一阶段以已发表的文章为数据源,采用内容分析方法得出48个关键因素;第二阶段进行了两轮焦点小组研究,借鉴软系统方法论归纳出以ERP成功应用、数据质量、持续使用、系统质量、系统—业务对接、维护和支持等6个二阶概念为核心的因果关系模型,并具体化了每个概念的组成。     

基于ERP系统的作业成本法应用

在我国,ERP系统在企业得到了广泛的应用,也为企业的发展提供了有力的支持。然而,作业成本法在企业的应用远远不及ERP系统的使用,本文从ERP与作业成本法的相互关系出发,探讨了ERP系统下实施作业成本法的可行性,并提出ERP系统下作业成本管理的框架以及具体的实施方法。     

制约纺织企业实施ERP的管理因素

纺织企业成功实施ERP受到许多因素的影响,本文主要从ERP实施动因分析、做好ERP系统的准备工作、系统规划、流程冲突、人员管理、项目监理等管理因素来论述,为纺织企业ERP系统的实施奠定管理基础。     

制度是保障企业ERP系统运行的重要基石

实施ERP是一场深刻的企业管理革命,它能够大幅提高企业管理水平.但一些企业在实施ERP系统后并没有达到预期的效果,而且不乏失败的例子.本文结合本企业成功实施ERP的情况,从保障系统运行的制度建设方面,对制度的范围、内容、执行以及制度制定时的注意事项等进行有益探讨,指出制度在系统运行中不可替代的作用.为企业实施ERP在制度建设方面提供了一定的借鉴作用.     

ERP项目的评估模型研究

企业资源计划(ERP)实施的高失败率一直是业界的共识,但怎样才算ERP实施成功,如何来衡量ERP的实施,目前还没有一个统一的标准,本文通过比较国内外常见的ERP评估方法,按照ERP实施的生命周期,分5个阶段提出评估ERP实施的方法和相应的指标,并给出了ERP实施的综合评估模型。     

企业实施ERP的风险管理

越来越多的企业建设自己的ERP,ERP的实施存在很大的风险,防范风险是企业成功实施ERP的关键。对ERP的实施采用项目管理的方法进行风险管理,ERP项目风险管理过程包括识别风险因素、定量评估风险、制订风险应对计划和风险应对控制4个阶段,并从企业的角度分析了最常遇到的风险及防范方法。     

Knowledge retention in ERP implementations: the context of UK SMEs

Abstract

Knowledge retention (k-retention) is vital for various enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), though it is a highly demanding and challenging task. The aim of this paper is to investigate different types of approaches to k-retention and factors influencing k-retention in SMEs. Our study adopts a grounded theory approach with cases based on 12 ERP implementations in UK SMEs. We analyze our data using thematic analysis. The findings reveal specific elements that support the k-retention of ERP package knowledge and business process knowledge. These elements are: k-retention tools, documentation, human capital and the understanding of k-retention challenges. In addition to insights from these aspects, our study reveals two additional factors (project management and organizational culture) that influence ERP package k-retention and business process k-retention. Based on these findings, we develop an ERP k-retention (EKR) framework that can be utilized by SMEs which are considering implementing ERP systems, to facilitate knowledge retention during implementation.     

Integration of the information systems in the production process: a case study

This paper evaluates the execution of an ERP – enterprise resource planning in a production process. The changes that were made to processes to make them compatible with ERP modules and adaptations that were required by the ERP implementation are presented. The presented study is different from the normal patterns of a vertical implementation, since its application is not direct. In order to use the standard modules of the ERP system, the internal processes were embellished and the data collection steps were integrated into the production process (production orders, inventory, production, daily consumption, daily output). The case study shows that the ERP implementation caused an improvement of the processes in the areas adjacent to production (purchasing, logistics, distribution, supply and sales). In conclusion, this paper presents the main advantages and disadvantages of the ERP system implementation, as well as some considerations and recommendations for the future ERP implementations.     

ERP implementation: An integrated process of radical change and continuous learning

This paper seeks to develop management theory that can be used to increase the likelihood of ERP implementation success. The paper argues and demonstrates that an ERP implementation can be understood as an intended radical change that can be managed to some extent. But during the use of the system, incremental changes are bound to take place, which are unintended and difficult to manage. Using, therefore, and combining positivist and constructivist viewpoints, six different propositions on ERP implementation are developed. The paper reasons that organizations that understand these propositions are more likely to implement and use ERP successfully. The findings of a longitudinal case study of the implementation and use of BaaN in a Danish company support the propositions put forward in the paper.     

Taxonomy of ERP integrations and performance outcomes: an exploratory study of manufacturing firms

Building and deploying network capabilities of firms are crucial for sustaining competitive advantage. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems are useful to enhance such network capabilities thorough effective information flows. Their intended goals are measured in terms of production costs, operational flexibility and supply chain performance outcomes. However, the impact of ERP system implementation on firm performance has been reported as somewhat inconclusive. This study contends that a missing link in the story is the scope and extent of ERP system implementation after investigating how the extent of ERP integration is associated with the performance outcomes of manufacturing firms. The study also posits that restructuring in the organisation and supply chains are positively associated with manufacturing performance. Since ERP often entails restructuring in an organisation and supply chains, it is anticipated that restructuring plays an important role in inducing positive impact of ERP implementation to the firm. Using a global sample of 641 manufacturers, this research identifies four distinct ERP systems integration patterns, epitomised by different extents and directions of integration, and finds a significant association among the broadest degree of ERP systems integration, restructuring and plant performance improvement. The empirical results also show that restructuring takes place most actively in a firm that implement ERP with widest scope and scale.     

An exploratory study of ERP implementation in Saudi Arabia

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is being implemented by many organisations as a potential solution to their businesses. In spite of its appeal, ERP has challenges and difficulties in its realisation, especially in developing countries. In this article, existing trends and success factors for ERP implementation in Saudi Arabia is investigated. The results of this study apply, to a large extent, to other developing countries in the Middle East and other oil producing countries. The study captures the best implementation practices, difficulties encountered, critical success factors and benefits realised. Most organisations suffer serious time and/or cost overruns in ERP implementation. Management commitment and the existence of a clear strategic objective were found to be critical for the success of the ERP implementation. Change management programmes and extensive training were found to be essential for smooth implementation process.     

上市公司ERP实施前后绩效变化的实证研究——来自沪市1993-2003年的经验数据

以1993—2003年间实施ERP的92家沪市上市公司为样本企业,利用W ilcoxon秩和检验、Panel分析以及系数约束检验分析比较了公司实施ERP前后的绩效变化.研究结果表明:不能根据单一检验分析方法片面得出实施ERP是否存在信息技术的生产率悖论现象.国内企业实施ERP当年及之后1~2年绩效略有下降,但变化不显著;实施ERP之后第3年多数企业没有起到改善绩效的预期,但少数公司却利用ERP显著改善了公司绩效,少数公司实施ERP存在短期绩效下降现象.指出造成这种结果的主要原因是ERP实施成功率较低,并不是ERP本身存在信息技术的生产率悖论问题.     

基于学习曲线的ERP实施培训时间决策模型

通过分析ERP项目的特点,将学习曲线引入到ERP实施的研究中,基于学习曲线理论刻画企业的工作效率随项目时间变化的规律.在此基础上,将ERP项目抽象为前期的培训和后期的具体实施两个阶段,以项目实施周期和咨询成本最小为目标,建立ERP实施培训时间决策模型,通过培训时间控制并预测ERP项目的整体周期,进一步利用遗传算法对模型进行优化求解.为区分信息化基础不同的企业在项目初期工作效率的差异,在模型中加入初始工作效率这一变量,通过企业的信息化基础水平间接地测算企业的初始工作效率;结合行为导向的实证研究结果,在模型中限定培训时间的取值范围,解决多个近似解之间的取舍问题.案例研究表明,模型在实际应用中可以起到较好的优化和预测效果,能够为企业制定ERP项目计划和投资预算提供决策支持.     

Reference model for implementing an MRP system in a highly diverse component and seasonal lean production environment

Companies are currently choosing to integrate logics and systems to achieve better solutions. These combinations also include companies striving to join the logic of material requirement planning (MRP) system with the systems of lean production. The purpose of this article was to design an MRP as part of the implementation of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) in a company that produces agricultural implements, which has used the lean production system since 1998. This proposal is based on the innovation theory, theory networks, lean production systems, ERP systems and the hybrid production systems, which use both components and MRP systems, as concepts of lean production systems. The analytical approach of innovation networks enables verification of the links and relationships among the companies and departments of the same corporation. The analysis begins with the MRP implementation project carried out in a Brazilian metallurgical company and follows through the operationalisation of the MRP project, until its production stabilisation. The main point is that the MRP system should help the company's operations with regard to its effective agility to respond in time to demand fluctuations, facilitating the creation process and controlling the branch offices in other countries that use components produced in the matrix, hence ensuring more accurate estimates of stockpiles. Consequently, it presents the enterprise knowledge development organisational modelling methodology in order to represent further models (goals, actors and resources, business rules, business process and concepts) that should be included in this MRP implementation process for the new configuration of the production system.     

面向电子商务的企业资源计划:进化与实施

在电子商务时代,ERP面临着应用环境的变革和挑战,如何认识并应对这些挑战以使ERP与企业电子商务有机融合是目前首要的问题。本文认为在电子商务时代,企业所面临的竞争规则、商务模式、管理重心都已发生了重要变化,ERP必须满足基于虚拟集成的合作性价值创造管理、基于事前、事中、事后的商业智能管理、基于SCM、CRM和KM为核心的集约管理以及灵活的体系结构以适应变化的要求和挑战,为此,ERP必须提供集成供应链资源和能力的管理、个性化客户信息服务、知识管理、实时的业务在线分析处理、多层次的实时决策支持的功能。同时认为,改进战略规划、变革管理模式、优化组织结构、重组业务流程、加强知识和人力资源管理几个方面是成功实施ERP,支持电子商务的关键。     

A dynamic ERP critical failure factors modelling with FCM throughout project lifecycle phases

Implementation of enterprise resource planning systems (ERPs) is a complex and costly task which usually results in serious failures. Numerous factors affect these projects implementation due to their size, complexity and high chance of failure. Therefore, identifying these factors in ERP projects is a critical issue. The majority of previous publications have been conducted in identifying ERP critical success factors (CSFs) rather than critical failure factors (CFFs). In order to help practitioners, this article studies the CFFs in ERP implementation projects. The implications of interdependency among failure factors are also usually overlooked by project managers due to perceived complexity in modelling and analysing influential factors. With this in mind, we have proposed a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM)-based dynamic model of ERP failure factors through project lifecycle phases. The main advantage of FCM lies in them being capable of modelling complex phenomena based on the experts’ perceptions. This tool models uncertainty and related events, imitating human reasoning. Moreover, FCMs enable the developing of forecasting exercises through simulations. Practitioners would thus assess the joint influence of ERP implementation failure factors on project outcomes. The results make known to practitioners which problems will arise if the failure factors are not treated, and how these will impact on the outcomes of projects. Therefore, the proposed approach would help them to manage ERP implementation projects in a more effective and proactive way.