Conflict sources and responses in mother-daughter relationships: perspectives of adult daughters of aging immigrant women

Mother-daughter conflict sources and responses among immigrant families are not well understood. In the research reported here, in-depth interview data about conflict were collected from 11 adult daughters of Japanese immigrant mothers. Conflict sources were mothers' unsolicited advice, daughters and mothers not living up to expectations of the other, and daughters' independence of mothers. Responses to conflict included voicing concerns, displaying loyalty, and utilizing the assistance of family. Comparisons between immigrant and nonimmigrant mother-daughter dyads' conflict experiences are discussed, and suggestions for future research on mother-daughter conflict within the immigrant context are provided.     

Growing up with single mothers: Occupational attainment of daughters in the early 20th century

Growing up in female-headed households has long been considered disadvantageous for children. We examine the relationship between family structure and occupational attainment in 1920, accounting for selection into the labor force. The results indicate that the attainment of daughters in mother-headed households was not significantly lower than that of their counterparts in male-headed households. Mothers’ resources alleviate some of the disadvantage experienced by working daughters. Family size and ethnicity are strongly associated with daughters’ occupational attainment, regardless of the household head's sex. The results suggest that prevailing gender norms restricted the jobs available to women in the early 20th century, regardless of their family type.     

Caring together for elderly mothers: a qualitative study of relations between adult daughters and supportive home care workers

This qualitative study examines relationships between adult daughters caring for elderly disabled mothers and the mothers' personal care workers (PCWs) paid directly by the Wisconsin Community Options Program (COP). A subset of a larger study, in these five cases PCWs provide substantial hands on care without substituting for the heavy care also provided by the daughters. Direct payment offers the daughters and workers freedom to schedule around their family obligations and other limits and tailor care to the abilities of all three participants. It also allows the daughter to be the paid provider when she chooses. Expansion of such supportive services could benefit many more low and middle income families.     

Aging in precarious times: Exploring the role of gender in shaping views on aging

ABSTRACT

The present study explores views on aging and how these differ according to gender and precariousness status. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 men and 10 women with secure and insecure pensions. Themes like fear of illness and health decline were more present in men, while fear of losing their attractiveness in old age more present among women. For all participants, loss of autonomy and social roles represented a negative view of old age, while activity in the form of work, volunteering, or leisure represented positive views. Differences in views on aging were related to pension security and less to gender. Women with insecure pension plans displayed the most negative views of aging. Implications for practice and policy to prevent health and gender inequalities are discussed.     

Aging and Gender:

Social science literature on aging has assumed without empirical basis that women experience greater continuity in their lives than men and that this is beneficial to women in the process of aging. This research explores the issue of continuity in values over the life course and the relationship of values to a sense of meaning attributed to one's life over the life course. Thirty life history interviews of men and women over the age of sixty-nine were conducted. Differences in values were found between men and women. Men experienced less continuity of values, less continuity in sources of meaning in Life, and more dissatisfaction in the process of life review, but for most men the lack of continuity was not a source of dissatisfaction in old age.     

Women and Aging:

After an analysis of a 1985 Canadian national survey, a lack of conclusive results encouraged the researchers to examine how traditional research has failed women in terms of ignoring- ag-e.. gender, class, race, and sexual orientation. In additih, alternate research methodoloeies based on aualitative and feminist principles are discussed in order to direct future research.     

Women and Aging:

No abstract available for this article.     

Intergenerational earnings mobility in Japan among sons and daughters: levels and trends

This paper estimates the extent of intergenerational income mobility in Japan among sons and daughters born between 1935 and 1975. Our estimates rely on a two-sample instrumental variables approach using representative data from the Japanese Social Stratification and Mobility surveys, collected between 1965 and 2005. Father’s income is predicted on the basis of a rich set of variables, and we discuss changes in the Japanese earnings structure for cohorts born between the early 1900s and the 1960s. Our main results indicate that the intergenerational income elasticity (IGE) for both sons and daughters in Japan lies around 0.35, which is an intermediate value, by international standards. We discuss the sensitivity of the IGE to using either personal or family income as the income variable for both fathers and children. We also examine changes across cohorts in the IGE. Results indicate that intergenerational mobility has been roughly stable over the last decades.     

Women and Healthy Aging:

No abstract available for this article.     

高龄化:老龄化的延续与演变

本文试图从人口学视角把日渐凸显的高龄化从我们已熟知的老龄化现象中剥离出来,并加以理论规范。旨在阐明:(１)老龄化与高龄化是既相互联系,又显存差异的两个概念;(２)老龄化与高龄化的影响因素不一样;(３)对老龄化导入高龄化这一“演变”进程的分界标志可从三个方面来确认;(４)２１世纪,一种能更好地体现老龄化“增龄”本意并反映人类长寿现象的新形式的老龄化将日益凸现,亦即本文力所阐释的“人口高龄化”。     

Aging women and men in the medical profession: The effect of gender and marital status on successful aging and retirement intent in Australian doctors

Despite increasing interest from the medical profession in aging and retirement, we know little about effects of gender, marital status, and cohort on aging within the profession. We surveyed 1,048 Australian doctors from “younger” (55–64) and “older” (65–89) cohorts, investigating gender and marital effects on perceptions of successful aging, career, and retirement intent. Women intend to retire earlier. Younger cohort and married women more frequently viewed their career as a calling, while women in general, and single women more frequently, endorsed personal successful aging more than men. Broader understanding of the different experiences of aging for men and women doctors is needed.     

Sexuality and Intimacy for Aging Women:

No abstract available for this article.     

积极老龄化与中国：观点与问题透视

人口老龄化问题日益严重,如何应对其带来的挑战受到国际社会的普遍关注,而积极老龄化的提出则为人们打开了一个新的视角。文章将在回顾积极老龄化国际发展历程的背景下,在理清我国老龄化政策实践与变迁脉络的基础上,从政治、经济、文化等视角分别对我国的年龄化问题进行描述与阐释,展现我国老龄化的现实图景,并以问题为导向,探寻我国的积极老龄化之路。     

农民养老方式与可行能力研究

农民的养老方式选择与他们实际具备的可行能力密不可分。这种可行能力取决于农村的经济状况、农民的生产方式、生活方式和制度环境。本文通过对我国目前农民生存状况的描述,通过农民对自己经历、体验讲述的分析,表明他们在处理参保问题上的行为逻辑与他人贴上的理性小农的标签完全不同。土地养老、子女养老并不是农民自愿选择的养老方式,而是迫不得已应对的结果。可行能力的缺乏使农民只能牺牲自己的长远利益而维持目前的生活状态。尽管对于农民不办理养老保险有各种各样的解释,但本文认为从可行能力解释农民的养老选择是一个不可忽视的视角。可行能力不仅包含着个人的能力而且与他们所处的社会位置密切有关。本文认为,国家长期以来的发展政策和社会政策与它的标的群体-农民之间的过大差距,最终形成了农村养老保政策运行低效及对农民养老选择的负面影响。     

Aging Women and Long-Term Care: Truth and Consequences

As the primary givers and recipients of care, elderly and middle-aged women comprise the population segment most significantly affected by the long-term care issue. Salient demographic and social factors relating to this phenomenon are explored, and the benefits and shortfalls of the current long-term care payment sources are identified. Despite the recent financial protection afforded by Medicare "Catastrophic Coverage," financing (or directly providing) long-term care still remains the responsibility of the elderly and their families. Privately purchased long-term care insurance provides some protection to those who can afford it, but elderly women continue to constitute a group at high risk for devastation by long-term care needs and costs.     

Husbands,wives, sons,and daughters: Fertility preferences and the demand for contraception in Ethiopia

Ethiopia, with nearly 65 millionpeople, is the second most populous country in sub-Saharan Africa. Fertility levels are among the highest in the world. Using the matched wife-husband sample from the 1990 National Family and Fertility Survey of Ethiopia we investigate the fertility desires of wives and husbands and the degree to which they are similar, including whether a preference for sons exists. We model the determinants of the desire to limit or space births, and estimate unmet need. Results indicate high levels of concurrence among husbands and wives on reproductive preferences. Where differences exist, husbands are more pronatalist than their wives. Both husbands and wives prefer to have sons and daughters, but more sons overall. Approximately 22% of wives and husbands desire to limit or space births but do not use contraception. More than half of wives and husbands with an unmet need for limiting are paired with a partner who has no such need. Three implications follow from these results: (1) differences in wives' and husbands' son and daughter preferences may help to explain discordant views among couples when it comes to the desire to limit or space births; (2) husbands' overall contribution to wives' unmet need can be substantial in African societies in the early stages of fertility transition; and (3) wives' preferences regarding children and contraception can result in unmet need on the part of husbands, even in highly gender-stratified societies where men are more pronatalist.     

Level of parenting stress in mothers of singletons and mothers of twins until one year postpartum: A cross-sectional study

Problem

To date, it is unclear which factors are associated with parenting stress.