住房制度改革及其对我国居民收入分配影响探讨

本文从住房制度改革的角度入手,分析了住房制度改革中住房公积金制度、经济适用房政策、买公房给优惠制度、廉租房制度对居民收入分配的影响,并针对住房制度改革对居民收入分配的影响作了进一步的思考,并提出了对策与建议。     

住房金融中的宏观调控失灵问题及对策

当前我国保障性住房工作中存在着住房公积金覆盖面不广泛、保障机会不均、经济适用房和廉租房功能缺失、住房金融机构单一等等现象。究其原因主要是由于我国政府在住房金融问题上宏观调控失灵，导致宏观调控措施有时适得其反、宏观调控措施有时造成新的更大的垄断、政府土地储备制度和政府担保制度不完善等。防止政府宏观调控失灵的对策主要有：建立有效的法律体系、建立有效的住房保障机制、制约政府权力。     

新中国六十年城镇居民住房保障制度变迁的历史考察

新中国成立以来，经济体制的改革下我国城镇居民住房保障制度的发展经历了福利型时期、改革探索期和社会主义市场经济建立后的完善期三个阶段。在福利型时期，政府对房屋实行统分统配，但是这种制度随着计划经济体制的取消而终结；在改革的探索期，我国迈出了住房商品化的第一步；在社会主义市场经济条件下，我国建立了以公积金、经济适用房和廉租房为主要内容的住房保障体系。本文旨在梳理新中国六十年来城镇居民住房保障制度演进的历史脉络，进而分析各个时期住房保障制度的运行问题，以期对即将出台的《住房保障法》有所资鉴。     

北京市流动人口住房状况的非制度影响因素分析

流动人口的住房研究以往大多集中于制度性因素的研究,但是近来对收入、教育程度、流动时间等非制度因素给予了越来越多的关注。本文利用北京市流动人口的调查数据进行分析研究,发现流动人口住房条件受到收入和在京居住时间这两个因素的显著影响,收入越高、居住时间越长,居住状况就越好。居留的稳定性对住房状况影响显著,但是工作稳定性没有对流动人口住房状况产生影响。因此,对流动人口应实行体现资产建设型的社会政策,普遍推行住房公积金的福利制度。     

城市中低收入群体住房保障体系的构建及反思

改革开放30年来,我国居民住房条件有了很大改善,但是中低收入群体的住房问题仍然是困扰我国民生改善与经济发展的难题。构建中低收入群体的住房保障体系是满足该群体住房需求的有效途径,也是新时期我国住房改革的重点内容。加强中低收入群体保障性住房的制度构建和不断完善中低收入群体保障性住房的实施策略,对于推进我国保障性住房建设、满足中低收入群体的住房需求具有重要意义。     

对我国城市住房保障制度的再思考

住房保障是社会保障体系的重要构成内容,也是实现小康社会的重要举措。政府作为城市住房保障制度的责任主体,应着力解决城市住房保障制度所面临的问题,深化城市住房制度改革,发展和完善我国的城市住房保障制度。     

莫让住房公积金“沉睡”成摆设

据报道，深圳市试行住房公积金提取推出新规：重大疾病或重大手术可申请提取本人账户余额，据悉，广州市2010年也曾制定过类似方案，但是终末获通过，原因是与国务院《公积金管理条例》相左。     

中国住房保障制度问题的"PEST"分析

住房问题是中国重要的民生问题,而住房保障制度是解决这一问题的重要举措.将住房保障事业看作是由政府主导的"住房保障公共事业",其提供的产品是具有准公共物品性质的保障性住房以及住房保障政策,借用"PEST"分析方法具体分析影响中国住房保障制度的政治因素(P)、经济因素(E)、社会因素(S)和政策有效性因素(T).从政治因素来看,我国住房保障制度在取得一定成绩的同时存在管理不足与法律约束力差的问题.房价收入比、保障性住房供需矛盾两个经济因素,反映出我国住房保障制度覆盖面窄、保障不足,保障性住房供需矛盾严重的问题.人口结构、城市化、传统习俗三个具体的社会因素再次印证住房保障制度保障力度小,供给不足的缺陷.政策有效性因素,反映出住房保障制度本身制度的有效性差,而这一制度缺陷致使道德风险问题频发,带来负外部效应.基于此,完善中国住房保障制度应采取的对策为:增强政府住房保障能力、倡导新型住房供给与消费模式、增强住房保障制度的政策有效性.     

新加坡社会保障制度

新加坡作为新兴工业国在经济起飞的同时,逐步建立起了与欧美国家不同的社会保障制度。由于目前我国也正处在经济起飞的过程中,而且我国与新加坡在风俗习惯、伦理道德等文化传统方面非常接近。因此,考察新加坡在社会保障方面的主要做法对我国具有重要的借鉴意义。一、新加坡中央公积金制度新加坡的社会保障制度的核心是中央公积金制,也就是“储蓄基金制”这种准保险的方式。此外制度中还包括有社会救助和雇主责任的社会保障内容。公积金计划涉及到退休、住房、保健、保险以及投资等五个方面。在新加坡,所有参加工作的人,不论是公职还是     

石油企业住房制度改革综合评价

石油企业在我国国民经济发展中具有重要地位,石油企业的特殊性质使得其住房制度改革成为整个企业改革的至关重要组成部分.成功的住房制度改革不仅要有一套切实可行的改革方案,还要对其成效进行实时评价.评价石油企业住房制度改革需要从企业住房供应体系、企业住房分配货币化、企业职工住房负担水平、企业职工住房质量四个子系统出发,从定量和定性两个方面对石油企业住房制度改革进行综合评价.石油企业住房制度改革模糊综合评价指标体系是一个多因素组成的多层次的复杂系统,模糊综合评价法同其他评价方法的根本区别在于判断矩阵的模糊性,能够简化人们判断目标相对重要性的复杂程度,借助模糊判断矩阵实现定量转换,可以进一步判断住房制度改革的效果,对影响住房制度改革发展的问题提出早期顸警.     

Social work practice in nursing homes: creativity,leadership, and program development

Housing policy in China has undergone profound changes ever since the dismantlement of the in-kind welfare housing system in 1998. A modern housing system has emerged in China in line with a rapidly growing real estate sector. Meanwhile, China is also plagued with similar housing problems that western governments faced during their industrialization and urbanization and are facing now. In response, the Chinese government has attempted to tackle housing problems by imposing strict regulations on the real estate sector, introducing new affordable housing schemes, and channelling and even limiting housing consumption behaviours. However, the outcome has proved to be meagre. The unsound outcome has driven further policy changes. This paper presents an updated trajectory of housing policy development in the post-reform era. It concludes by discussing implications of housing policy changes on social development and argues that housing policy in China is at a crossroads and is ready for a major overhaul.     

我国《住房保障法》的基本制度建构

十一届全国人大常委会已将《住房保障法》列入立法规划,该法的制定具有重大的经济、社会和政治意义。本文提出了协调政府与市场关系、统一性与灵活性结合、实效性与前瞻性结合以及衔接相关法律的总体起草思路。本文在对《住房保障法》应当涉及的主体制度作一梳理后,提出了《住房保障法》的基本框架建议:总则、住房保障的对象和方式、住房保障的住房和资金、住房保障的准入和退出、监督管理以及法律责任。     

“十二五”期间北京市保障性住房资金平衡方案研究

近年来,北京市保障性住房建设历经了跨越式发展,在投资数量和投资结构方面都已处于国内领先水平。预计"十二五"期间,这一建设力度还将进一步加大。因此,尽快对北京市保障性住房的资金供求进行有效预测就显得尤为重要。本文根据北京市保障性住房发展现状,结合区域经济、金融和社会发展条件等因素,分析预测"十二五"期间北京市保障性住房投资的资金需求与供给,并通过计算其资金缺口进行系统性资金平衡方案的设计,最后提出构建完善的保障性住房融资体系等政策建议。     

地方政府行为与住房市场健康发展研究——一个研究框架

住房市场是一个分散、区域性分割的市场,中央政府无法直接调节,对住房市场的微观调控是地方政府的职责之一。地方政府在住房市场的职责贯穿从住房生产到房屋消费的各个环节,涉及确定需求、土地供应、存量管理、基础设施建设等众多领域,有时甚至直接给特定群体提供住房。以地方政府行为视角建立一个分析框架,重点剖析地方政府在住房市场中的职责,住房市场利益相关者及管制创新,住房健康发展的内在机制,中央—地方在住房市场既分工又协作的二级管理模式有效运转的约束条件,地方住房战略制定及其有效性等问题,有助于促进我国住房市场的健康发展。     

论北京市轨道交通建设沿线土地利用模式

住房问题是重要的民生问题。加大政府对住房保障的力度,逐步建立健全与经济社会发展阶段相适应的住房保障体系以维护弱势群体的利益,越来越成为社会的热点问题。将保障性住房和轨道交通建设沿线土地利用模式结合研究,不仅使得中低收入人群也有机会分得轨道交通带来的便捷和房产的升值,同时公交导向发展策略(TOD)也为北京市轨道交通建设沿线的土地利用模式带来新的思路。     

Senior Services that Support Housing First in Metro Vancouver

Housing First is a model and philosophy for housing homeless people in immediate and permanent housing. In order to implement and deliver Housing First, research is essential to understand the system of support services as they currently exist. Guided by principles of community-based participatory research, this paper presents the findings from a senior-focused deliberative dialogue workshop in Metro Vancouver, Canada. Participants (16 service providers and 1 service recipient) identified services and resources available to support seniors in maintaining housing and barriers and facilitators for accessing services. Broadly, data were organized into seven themes: (1) Housing; (2) Home support; (3) Transportation; (4) Information availability, accessibility, and navigation; (5) Cultural diversity; (6) Discrimination; and (7) Funding and financial support. Results found that affordable housing that adapts to changing health conditions, income supports, health services, homecare, transportation, and culturally appropriate and nondiscriminatory informational resources are among the supports most needed for persons as young as 50 years old to succeed under the Housing First model in Metro Vancouver. Barriers to Housing First service provision, including rigid eligibility criteria for chronically and episodically homeless, should be revised to better support the growing number of older adults who are newly entering homelessness in Metro Vancouver.     

Contentment and Suffering: the Impact of Australia's Housing Policy and Tenure on Older Australians

Housing policy in Australia historically has focused on facilitating homeownership and creating some buffer for those households that are not homeowners. This paper explores the implications of this policy for older Australians. What is argued is that housing tenure has become a crucial divide and that older Australians who have not had the good fortune to access homeownership or public / community housing and who are dependent on the private rental sector as a result, often find themselves in desperate circumstances. The argument is developed that the failure to put in place a housing policy which would give all citizens the ability to access adequate and affordable housing, has led to a situation where a substantial and increasing number of older Australians have untenable housing costs and minimal disposal income. The article concludes that the present policy initiatives aimed at addressing the housing affordability crisis will have little impact on the situation of older people who are currently in housing stress.     

A reverse form of welfarism: some reflections on Australian housing policy

In this paper I argue that we have been amiss in diagnosing the role played by government, which has exacerbated the housing problems afflicting low‐income households in Australia. However, I argue further we have placed too much faith in the capacity of managerial interventions to ameliorate what are far more deep‐rooted and systemic challenges. It is suggested that researchers need to adopt a more critical account of the conduct of contemporary government policy making, one that casts aside a view of the State as a benevolent agency whose primary objective is to ameliorate the conditions of the disadvantaged. Instead, the State should be understood as an agency that sustains the conditions necessary for the finance industry, developers and real estate agents, along with well‐off householders and landlords, to reap profits. The political economy of Australian housing, in its current incarnation, performs a form of reverse welfarism that exacerbates social inequality.     

Prioritizing Choice: Perceptions of Neighborhood Social Cohesion for Residents in Subsidized Housing

ABSTRACT

Many families living in poverty rely on housing subsidies. Housing subsidies restrict the housing stock and neighborhood choices for families living in poverty. Fortunately neighborhood social cohesion can protect families from many of the deleterious consequences associated with living in a low-income neighborhood. This study uses panel data from the Annie E. Casey Foundation's Making Connections initiative to test the role of public housing types on perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion. The probability sample used in the study consists of 2,470 households living in low-income neighborhoods in ten cities in the United States. Results show that public housing residents, both housing choice voucher users and non-housing choice voucher users, on average, report lower neighborhood social cohesion than their non-public housing neighbors. Results also show that moving to a new neighborhood consistently predicts improved neighborhood social cohesion while moving to public housing predicts declines in perceived neighborhood social cohesion. Choice in where one lives seems to play an important and positive role in perceptions of neighborhood social cohesion. Based on these data, it is suggested that policy makers and housing providers prioritize choice in the development and delivery of public housing.