“性别年龄视角”下农村留守儿童问题研究的回顾与分析

本文回顾和分析了农村留守儿童研究领域涉及分年龄和分性别的研究。相关研究反映了农村留守儿童的年龄结构和性别结构,留守生活对不同年龄性别儿童在教育、心理、人身安全、卫生保健、就业等方面所产生的影响。研究虽取得一定的成果,但仍存在许多不足,今后须加强研究的完整性、规范性和科学性。     

我国留守儿童社会适应研究综述

随着我国现代化进程的不断加快,农村的剩余劳动力大规模向城市转移,孩子与父母被迫分离,大量的留守儿童便出现在公众视野中,他们不仅引起了社会的广泛关注,在学术界也掀起了一股研究热潮。本文主要从留守儿童社会适应入手,对已有的一些研究进行深入分析,为今后留守儿童社会适应的进一步研究提供参考。     

解决留守儿童问题的社会政策视角

在“留守儿童与社会工作”的各种探讨中，关于社会政策在解决留守儿童问题中的作用尚没有引起人们的足够重视。     

农村留守儿童的家庭教育

本文采用问卷调查与个案访谈相结合的方法,对鄂西北农村208名留守儿童的家庭教育状况进行了研究探讨。文章从当前家庭教育“喜”与“悲”二个方面对留守儿童的家庭教育状况进行了全面分析,并在此基础上提出了针对留守儿童家庭教育中存在问题的主要对策。     

留守儿童的教育研究

随着城镇化进程的加快和进程务工人员数量的增加,留守儿童成为一个社会热点问题。本文关注并分析了留守儿童在学习成绩、日常生活、道德品行等方面存在的问题。在此基础上提出政府、家庭、学校与社会应关注留守儿童的对策建议,旨在为留守儿童创造出良好的生活和学习环境,促使留守儿童的健康全面发展。     

江门市成立农村留守儿童社会工作站

8月27日,由广东省江门市民政局购买服务、江门市睛海天社会工作服务中心承办的“农村留守儿童社会工作试点”项目正式启动,江门市首个农村留守儿童社会工作站在开平县大沙镇中心小学成立并开展服务。     

论“破窗效应”对留守儿童犯罪的影响

通过一起留守儿童恶性犯罪,分析出破窗效应的环境负面影响对留守儿童犯罪心理的客观影响。主要有自身原因,家庭原因,学校原因,社会原因和群体影响等方面。通过这些分析能更好的预防和避免留守儿童犯罪现象的恶化。     

留守儿童的现状及其对策

随着农村剩余劳动力向城市进一步流动，农村出现了“空巢”现象，“留守儿童”这一特殊群体也随之而产生。与留守儿童成长相关的问题也形成社会各界关注的热点。如何让每个留守儿童“心有人爱，身有人护，难有人帮”，成为政府探索解决的焦点问题。对于这个问题笔者仔细研究了我校2008年700多名学生问卷调查报告，认为有其深层次的原因，并提出相关对策。     

对留守儿童教育管理的思考与探索

留守儿童源于农村青壮年离开本土,外出务工,把年幼的子女留在家里,让父母或亲朋好友看管,这些无父母教育管理的儿童就被称为留守儿童。对留守儿童的教育管理已成为了党和政府加强未成年人思想道德建设的工作重点,稍有不慎就会为家庭和社会造成重大隐患。只有探索出一条对留守儿童的教育管理的新路,才能让农村儿童健康成长。     

重要他人对农村留守儿童成长的影响——主以江西、江苏两个地区农村留守儿童为例

重要他人是个体的社会化过程具有重要影响的重要人物。本研究通过问卷调查,了解了江西和江苏两地区农村留守儿童的重要他人对成长的影响,从留守背景、困难应对、情感需求满足、学业态度等几个方面进行了差异分析与讨论。     

The Influences of Career Support and Sexual Identity on Sexual Minority Women's Career Aspirations

The authors examined the relationship between sexual identity, family/friend career support, and career aspirations in a sample of 381 sexual minority women. The results indicated that family career support and friend career support were positively related to career aspirations of sexual minority women. The results also indicated that the relationship between family career support and career aspirations depended on the level of negative sexual identity. The findings demonstrate the utility of social cognitive career theory (Lent, Brown, & Hackett, 1994, 2002) with this particular population. Limitations and implications for further research and practice are discussed.     

缺失与弥补——关于家庭功能弱化影响留守儿童心理健康的研究

本研究基于家庭系统的视角采用家庭亲密度和适应性量表中文版（FACESⅡ-CV）对农村留守儿童的家庭功能状况进行调查分析．并与非留守儿童进行了比较。结果发现：农村留守儿童大多数都属于平衡型家庭．其次是中间型家庭．而极端型家庭只占较小的比例;农村留守儿童的家庭功能随着被留守时间的长短而变化。儿童被留守的时间越长,家庭功能得分趋于下降;6岁以前就被留守的农村儿童,其家庭亲密度较低;无论是家庭亲密度还是适应性,留守儿童都要显著低于非留守儿童。家庭经济状况和年龄、性别等人口学变量对农村留守儿童家庭功能没有显著的影响。这表明家庭成员之间的分离或共处时间和空间的减少．都会妨碍家庭成员相互间的情感关系和家庭系统的应对能力。鉴于此．笔者认为在家庭成员之间的分离不可避免的情况下。家庭成员就应该彼此多联系．在情感上相互支持,从而有针对性地弥补留守儿童家庭结构的变化所带来的家庭功能不足。     

Factors Influencing STEM Career Aspirations of Underrepresented High School Students

A shortage of female and minority students pursuing science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers has prompted researchers and policy makers to examine the current STEM supply pipeline. This study examined factors influencing STEM career aspirations of a nationally representative sample of 9th‐grade students (N = 21,444). Characteristics of students who aspired to STEM careers and non‐STEM careers were examined. Guided by the career aspirations model (Mau & Bikos, 2000 ), the authors conducted logistic regression analyses to investigate variables predicting STEM career aspirations. Results indicated that race, gender, socioeconomic status, math interest, and science self‐efficacy were the most important predictors of STEM career aspirations. Counselors in school and related career services contexts are encouraged to consider these important factors in identifying high school students who are interested in STEM career choices, as well as in planning career interventions to facilitate their career paths. Future researchers could test the applicability of this model with middle school students or adults.     

Profiles of High School Students’ STEM Career Aspirations

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields have a need for recruiting and retaining a diverse workforce. Understanding students’ aspiration to STEM careers is important for supporting underrepresented populations. Data from a nationally representative sample (N = 20,010) of high school students who reported career aspirations were analyzed. Analyses revealed significant relations between students’ aspirations and demographic variables, and differences in aspirations based on students’ race and gender. Findings highlight a need for counselors to implement career interventions that address students’ cultural contexts.     

The Origins of Children's Career Aspirations: IV. Testing Hypotheses from Four Theories

In a study of 949 elementary students, mixed support was found for four theoretical positions concerning the role of childhood in career development. For Ginzberg's theory, support was found for his observation that interests play the major role in both the selection and rejection of careers throughout the period of childhood. For Roe's theory, the authors found evidence that family configuration influenced occupational choice/no choice. From Havighurst's theory, support was found for the idea that identification with a parent's work is particularly strong among younger children. A number of aspects of each of the theories failed to be confirmed.     

The Role of Social Capital in Educational Aspirations of Rural Youth*

Drawing on a recent national survey of rural high school students, this study investigated the relationship between social capital and educational aspirations of rural youth. Results showed that various process features of family and school social capital were important for predicting rural youths' educational aspirations beyond sociodemographic background. In particular, parents' and teachers' educational expectations for their child and student, respectively, were positively related to educational aspirations of rural youth. In addition, discussion with parents about college was positively related to educational aspirations of rural youth. On the other hand, there was little evidence to suggest that number of siblings and school proportions of students eligible for free lunch and minority students are related to educational aspirations of rural youth, after controlling for the other variables. We highlight unique features of rural families, schools, and communities that may combine to explain the complexity of the role of social capital in shaping educational aspirations of rural youth.