动态面板模型参数估计方法的比较研究

本文借助于蒙特卡洛模拟方法,在综合比较了主流动态面板模型参数估计方法优劣的同时,分析了动态面板模型参数估计有效性检验统计量的检验功效.结论表明:广泛应用的差分和系统GMM的参数估计方法,在小样本情况下,存在明显的参数估计偏差,相应的参数检验功效也存在扭曲,固定效应方差比越大这一偏差越明显,偏差修正和极大似然的动态面板模型参数估计方法参数估计的有效性越高.当动态面板模型的被解释变量为截断变量时,差分和系统GMM的参数估计偏差更为明显,而转换的Tobit模型则能够提供稳健的参数估计.固定效应方差比越大,弱工具变量检验的LM和CLR功效越稳健.本文最后将不同的动态面板模型估计方法,应用于劳动力迁移引致的区域工资差距问题的研究,进一步验证了蒙特卡洛模拟研究结论的稳健性.     

阈值协整参数的修正估计法小样本性质的比较

在阈值协整参数估计中,通常所采用的方法是OLS估计,但是由于样本容量的限制,OLS估计量具有偏差且非有效。文章对FM-OLS、CCR和DOLS这三种修正的阈值协整参数估计法进行了模拟研究,全面揭示了各估计量的小样本性质。     

动态因子模型的广义矩估计(GMM)及其统计性质研究

对于一类存在截面相关性的动态因子模型,本文首次分别提出了动态因子向量和因子载荷矩阵的广义矩估计方法(GMM),该方法是对传统频域分析方法的补充;其次,分别研究了模型参数广义矩估计量的渐近性质和有限样本性质.研究发现,在适当的条件下,动态因子及其因子载荷矩阵的GMM估计不仅是具有渐近正态分布的一致估计,而且具有良好的有限样本性质.最后,本文利用动态因子模型对我国6大类上市公司盈利能力增长性的共同驱动因素及其差异性进行了实证分析.     

中国工资和价格下调刚性下的货币政策非对称性研究

为考察货币政策的非对称性效应,本文将工资下调刚性与价格下调刚性特征构建于宏观结构模型,并利用中国宏观经济季度数据,采用模拟矩方法对上述结构模型中的参数进行估计,最后利用估计得到的参数对模型进行随机动态模拟分析。模型参数的估计结果表明,我国工资和价格的变动具有明显的下调刚性特征。基于估计得到的参数对模型的动态模拟分析说明,信贷政策、存款准备金率政策以及存贷利差政策都在执行方向和力度上对经济系统产生了不同类型的非对称性效应,并且不同种类的货币政策工具对经济产生了不同的影响效果。本文的研究对我国中央银行根据经济状况选择恰当的货币政策工具,以及确定政策工具在数量上的执行力度都有着参考意义。     

基于多阶段抽样的贝叶斯序贯过程质量监控分析

文章针对参数随机化情况下的质量控制问题,提出了新的过程质量方法。通过质量控制模型的统计结构分析,研究了Jeffreys先验分布下参数的后验分布和贝叶斯估计,据此构造了具有预警线的过程样本均值-标准差监控图,以及贝叶斯过程能力指数评价模型;然后,将过程状态稳定的模型参数后验分布作为下一阶段的参数先验分布,进行样本数据信息融合、模型迭代更新,建立了基于共轭先验分布的贝叶斯序贯均值–标准差监控和贝叶斯动态过程能力指数估计模型。研究结果表明:与现有的统计过程质量控制方法比较,贝叶斯序贯过程质量监控方法能够融合产品质量指标的历史信息,及时更新过程控制限,动态监控过程质量波动。     

基于复发瞬间链接间隔的动态网络社区发现

纵向网络数据是较为常见的复杂网络数据，也是目前网络数据分析的热点之一。随机块模型是网络社区发现的经典模型，但是该模型无法直接用于模拟纵向网络数据。基于随机块模型，引入半参数比例风险模型去分析纵向网络数据，并利用随机块模型来描述复发瞬间链接间隔。结合变分EM算法，采用两步估计来分别估计模型参数和非参数部分，通过不同场景下的模拟试验来验证所提议模型的优良性，最后利用法国小学生的社交网络数据进行了实证分析。模拟和实证结果表明，在统计计算的时效和参数或非参数估计的精度上，本文所提出的网络数据模型和统计分析方法比现存文献的模型和方法具有较好的优势。     

AR(1)模型中参数估计的偏差分析

文章分析了AR(1)模型中模型参数(序列方差、模型回归系数、序列的自协方差函数、自相关系数以及误差方差)估计(矩估计和最小二乘估计)的无偏性.对于非独立随机向量二次型的商的估计(如自相关系数估计等),给出了其偏差表达式并提供了相应的数值解法.通过数据模拟分析考察了这些参数估计的偏度情况.     

基于KL-距离的双参数指数分布的参数估计

文章考虑双参数指数分布的参数估计问题,在KL-距离最小化原则下,给出了一种参数估计的方法.得到的结果是一般情况下参数估计与矩估计相同;特别地,当位置参数为0时,通过数值模拟,并与极大似然估计进行比较,证明了这种估计的可行性.     

Cauchy 分布刻度参数的矩估计与区间估计

文章通过引入新随机变量,利用分布的矩估计与区间估计解决了Cauchy分布的刻度参数的矩估计与区间估计问题.     

非线性半参数空间变系数模型的两步估计

文章对非线性函数与空间变系数模型组合的半参数模型进行研究,提出该类模型的两步估计,给出半参数模型中非线性函数和空间变系数参数估计的精确表达式.并进行了数值模拟,结果表明,估计值与真实值拟合程度较好,方法的精确度较高.     

第三类Tobit模型的半参数估计方法

本文给出第三类Tobit模型的一种新的半参数估计方法。在独立性假设下,利用主方程和选择方程中可观察受限因变量的条件生存函数所满足的关系式,构造第三类Tobit模型参数的一步联立估计量。在已知选择方程中参数一致性估计量的条件下,这种方法也可用于构造主方程模型参数 的两步估计量。本文证明了所提出的一步联立估计量和两步估计量的一致性和渐近正态性。实验模拟表明,我们提出的估计量在有限样本下具有良好表现,且一步联立估计量的有限样本表现优于或接近于Chen（1997）的估计量。     

Stabilizing the Performance of Kurtosis Estimator of Multivariate Data

The estimation of the kurtosis parameter of the underlying distribution plays a central role in many statistical applications. The central theme of the article is to improve the estimation of the kurtosis parameter using a priori information. More specifically, we consider the problem of estimating kurtosis parameter of a multivariate population when some prior information regarding the the parameter is available. The rationale is that the sample estimator of the kurtosis parameter has a large estimation error. In this situation we consider shrinkage and pretest estimation methodologies and reappraise their statistical properties. The estimation based on these strategies yield relatively smaller estimation error in comparison with the sample estimator in the candidate subspace. A large sample theory of the suggested estimators are developed and compared. The results demonstrate that suggested estimators outperform the estimator based on the sample data only in the candidate subspace. In an effort to appreciate the relative behavior of the estimators in a finite sample scenario, a Monte-carlo simulation study is planned and performed. The result of simulation study strongly corroborates the asymptotic result. To illustrate the application of the estimators, some example are showcased based on recently published data.     

Robust Estimation of Moments in Dynamic Panel Models with Potential Intercorrelation

In this article, we provide some robust estimation of moments of the random effects and the errors in dynamic panel data models with potential intercorrelation. By differencing the residuals over the individual and time indies, we modify the popularly used Arellano-Bond GMM estimator of the parameter coefficient and study its asymptotic properties. Based on the modified parameter estimator, we construct, respectively, some moment estimators of the random effects and the errors with no affecting each other. Their asymptotic normalities are obtained under some mild conditions. The finite sample properties are investigated by a small Monte Carlo simulation experiment.     

Local Box–Cox transformation on time-varying parametric models for smoothing estimation of conditional CDF with longitudinal data

Nonparametric estimation and inferences of conditional distribution functions with longitudinal data have important applications in biomedical studies, such as epidemiological studies and longitudinal clinical trials. Estimation approaches without any structural assumptions may lead to inadequate and numerically unstable estimators in practice. We propose in this paper a nonparametric approach based on time-varying parametric models for estimating the conditional distribution functions with a longitudinal sample. Our model assumes that the conditional distribution of the outcome variable at each given time point can be approximated by a parametric model after local Box–Cox transformation. Our estimation is based on a two-step smoothing method, in which we first obtain the raw estimators of the conditional distribution functions at a set of disjoint time points, and then compute the final estimators at any time by smoothing the raw estimators. Applications of our two-step estimation method have been demonstrated through a large epidemiological study of childhood growth and blood pressure. Finite sample properties of our procedures are investigated through a simulation study. Application and simulation results show that smoothing estimation from time-variant parametric models outperforms the existing kernel smoothing estimator by producing narrower pointwise bootstrap confidence band and smaller root mean squared error.     

Extreme value index estimator using maximum likelihood and moment estimation

ABSTRACT

When a distribution function is in the max domain of attraction of an extreme value distribution, its tail can be well approximated by a generalized Pareto distribution. Based on this fact we use a moment estimation idea to propose an adapted maximum likelihood estimator for the extreme value index, which can be understood as a combination of the maximum likelihood estimation and moment estimation. Under certain regularity conditions, we derive the asymptotic normality of the new estimator and investigate its finite sample behavior by comparing with several classical or competitive estimators. A simulation study shows that the new estimator is competitive with other estimators in view of average bias, average MSE, and coefficient of variance of the new device for the optimal selection of the threshold.     

On the estimation of reliabilty function in a Weibull lifetime distribution

The estimation of the reliability function of the Weibull lifetime model is considered in the presence of uncertain prior information (not in the form of prior distribution) on the parameter of interest. This information is assumed to be available in some sort of a realistic conjecture. In this article, we focus on how to combine sample and non-sample information together in order to achieve improved estimation performance. Three classes of point estimatiors, namely, the unrestricted estimator, the shrinkage estimator and shrinkage preliminary test estimator (SPTE) are proposed. Their asymptotic biases and mean-squared errors are derived and compared. The relative dominance picture of the estimators is presented. Interestingly, the proposed SPTE dominates the unrestricted estimator in a range that is wider than that of the usual preliminary test estimator. A small-scale simulation experiment is used to examine the small sample properties of the proposed estimators. Our simulation investigations have provided strong evidence that corroborates with asymptotic theory. The suggested estimation methods are applied to a published data set to illustrate the performance of the estimators in a real-life situation.     

Quantile regression estimation of partially linear additive models

In this paper, we consider the estimation of partially linear additive quantile regression models where the conditional quantile function comprises a linear parametric component and a nonparametric additive component. We propose a two-step estimation approach: in the first step, we approximate the conditional quantile function using a series estimation method. In the second step, the nonparametric additive component is recovered using either a local polynomial estimator or a weighted Nadaraya–Watson estimator. Both consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are established. Particularly, we show that the first-stage estimator for the finite-dimensional parameters attains the semiparametric efficiency bound under homoskedasticity, and that the second-stage estimators for the nonparametric additive component have an oracle efficiency property. Monte Carlo experiments are conducted to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed estimators. An application to a real data set is also illustrated.     

On bias reduction estimators of skew-normal and skew-t distributions

A particular concerns of researchers in statistical inference is bias in parameters estimation. Maximum likelihood estimators are often biased and for small sample size, the first order bias of them can be large and so it may influence the efficiency of the estimator. There are different methods for reduction of this bias. In this paper, we proposed a modified maximum likelihood estimator for the shape parameter of two popular skew distributions, namely skew-normal and skew-t, by offering a new method. We show that this estimator has lower asymptotic bias than the maximum likelihood estimator and is more efficient than those based on the existing methods.     

Cox regression with missing covariate data using a modified partial likelihood method

Missing covariate values is a common problem in survival analysis. In this paper we propose a novel method for the Cox regression model that is close to maximum likelihood but avoids the use of the EM-algorithm. It exploits that the observed hazard function is multiplicative in the baseline hazard function with the idea being to profile out this function before carrying out the estimation of the parameter of interest. In this step one uses a Breslow type estimator to estimate the cumulative baseline hazard function. We focus on the situation where the observed covariates are categorical which allows us to calculate estimators without having to assume anything about the distribution of the covariates. We show that the proposed estimator is consistent and asymptotically normal, and derive a consistent estimator of the variance–covariance matrix that does not involve any choice of a perturbation parameter. Moderate sample size performance of the estimators is investigated via simulation and by application to a real data example.     

广义矩估计的延伸——广义经验似然估计

从广义矩估计(GMM)到广义经验似然估计(GEL)的发展,是由于GMM估计量小样本性质的不足,促使人们寻求方法的改进和拓展。通过必要的证明和推导,详细解析GEL类估计量(包括EL,ET,CUE)的逻辑关系和数理结构,认识GEL的内在本质,并运用随机模拟方法证实了在小样本场合GEL类估计量比GMM估计量具有更小的估计偏差和均方误差,即GEL类估计改进了GMM估计的小样本性质。