Family Background and the Process of Ability Formation*

This paper takes a sociometric approach to the process of skills formation in children as they mature into adults. Honda suggests that meaningful communication with family as a child is the determining factor that raises those abilities (ability β ¹ ) that fall outside of scholastic aptitude – motivation, personal relations skills, personality, and emotions. Along with considering the results of Honda's thesis, I have constructed an operating hypothetic model that includes two additional factors: the financial state of the family during childhood, and the transition of the communication target from within the family to a target outside the family. The data for this investigation were then verified. From the results, the direct effect of the observed family communication, when isolated from other influencing variables in the formation of abilities β, is not as decisive a factor as Honda emphasized. It was clear that the financial status of the family played a role, as did the indirect results of the intermediary shift from communication within the family to outside the family (the process of children becoming socially independent). The results of this analysis show that we should not necessarily be looking for the decisive factors of abilities β within the family; if anything, it reflects the existence of a formative route for abilities β that capitalizes on the resources outside the family. Based on the above, the results also show the potential for the introduction of social intervention to address the disparity and inequality in skills formation, and the possible anticipation of more rationality in the overblown discourse surrounding the role of the family in facilitating educational ability.     

文化自觉:校园文化建设的新维度

伴随全球化和现代性的进一步扩展,世界呈现的不是启蒙以来西方文化普世化导致的一致性,而是文明多样性的延续。实践证明,背离了传统,文化将难以有真正意义上的自我反省、自我觉醒和自我创建。中国传统文化不是历史真空瓶子里让人顶礼膜拜就可以自我发展的神器,没有适合当下生活的现代解释,人们对她只能是有客观需求、缺学习方法和无研习动力。实现中国文化继承和创新,必须要有传统文化适应当下历史条件的客观认知和诠释,并在此基础上丰富传统文化教育。     

Background Television and Infants’ Allocation of Their Attention During Toy Play

The effect of background television on 6‐ and 12‐month‐olds’ attention during 20 min of toy play was examined. During the first or second half of the session, a clip from a variety of commonly available television programs was presented. The duration and frequency of infants’ looks to the toys and to the television indicated that regardless of age or program content, background television frequently got, but did not hold the infants’ attention. An order effect indicated that infants looked longer at the television when it was available in the second half of the session. Examination of infants’ focused attention to the toys showed a reduction in the mean length of focused episodes when the television was on. A follow‐up of the infants at 24 months indicated greater resistance to distraction by the television during play. Data from the three ages showed that individual differences in the amount of viewing were moderately stable across age and across home and lab contexts.     

职业院校学生就业能力的调研

通过企业调研,了解到企业在用人时最关心的是毕业生的敬业精神与责任心、团队精神、沟通能力,其次是毕业生的专业知识、专业技能。因此作为职业院校在人才培养时,在注重职业能力培养的同时,一定要把职业道德和职业能力放在同等重要的位置,提升毕业生的就业能力。     

教育国际化背景下研究生创业能力培养

国际化已经成为全球经济发展的趋势,当前教育已经走上国际化发展轨道,全球范围内教育资源已经实现共通共享,创业教育在此背景下也不断加强各国间的资源交流。研究生作为掌握高端知识与技能的高层次人才,是国家创新创业的中坚力量。综观研究生受教育的特点,他们在受教育的过程中形成了一定的创业能力,但仍显不足。在创业已经成为解决就业难的现实情况下,研究生作为掌握先进技术的高端知识人才应该把握住教育国际化的资源,以国际化的视野,不断提升自身创业能力建设,以适应经济全球化的浪潮。     

金融危机背景下大学生“渐进式”就业力培养

金融危机对实体经济的负面影响加剧了现时期大学生的就业难度,这一严峻事实对我国高等院校教育理念及教学方式提出了新的挑战。坚持能力提升,培养创新能力和实践能力强、综合素质高的优秀人才是做好大学生就业创业工作的长期举措。以市场需求为导向,实施第一层次（课堂教学）、第二层次（校园就业文化）、第三层次（社会实践）渐进式的人才培养模式,不断提升当代大学生就业力,是达到充分就业目的的最佳途径。     

Language Background,Ethno‐Racial Origin,and Academic Achievement of Students at a Canadian University

Research conducted in Canada and the United States shows that the age of arrival of immigrant children, language spoken in the home, and ethno‐racial origin have consequences for English language acquisition and academic attainment. So far, however, the degree to which these factors have consequences for academic achievement at the post‐secondary level has scarcely been studied. In this study, it is found that the communication skills of university students who are the sons and daughters of immigrants, independent of length of time in Canada, are not as high as those of native‐born English‐speaking Canadians. Moreover, all else being equal, independent of length of time in the country, the university GPAs of immigrant and non‐European origin groups are generally lower than those of native‐born Canadians. Findings such as these suggest the presence of social and cultural processes at the family, community, and educational system level that continue to disadvantage identifiable groups of post‐secondary students.     

如何在专业技能与语文能力结合中培养学生的创新精神和创业能力

实施素质教育的核心是提高国民和广大劳动者素质,培养学生的创新精神和实践能力,基于此,探讨了中职语文培养学生创新精神和创业能力的几种方法。     

大学生创业能力培养实践

一、问题的提出 虽然创业教育早在1989年联合国教科文组织在北京召开的“面向21世纪教育国际研讨会”上就已提出,并对我国传统的高等教育人才培养的方向和目标产生了一定的冲击,但是在当时特殊的经济体制以及大学生就业模式下,创业教育并未得到国家、高校、企业以及大学生这四个相关主体的充分重视。     

大学生时间管理倾向与社会适应能力的关系研究

为了探求大学生时问管理倾向与社会适应能力的关系,为提高大学生的社会适应能力提供一定的理论基础,采用青少年时间管理倾向量表和社会适应能力测试量表对重庆市大学生进行调查。结果显示时间管理倾向对大学生的社会适应能力有重要影响。     

浅析高职院校学生职业能力的培养

高等职业技术教育是一种以培养生产、服务、管理一线技术应用型人才为主的教育,它不仅要培养学生对未来工作岗位的胜任能力,而且要培养其适应科技经济快速发展、社会不断变化的职业核心能力。只有深入研究职业能力内涵,有针对性地采取与之相适应的教育教学方法,才能全面提高高职人才培养质量。     

Socio-economic patterns of sport demand and ageing

Due to the demographic situation in nowadays societies, physical activity, and sport expenditure have to be analysed from a demographic as well as socio-economical perspective. This means that determinants such as age, gender, nationality/ethnicity, income, time, educational level, profession, and social status have to be taken into account. However, when comparing the various studies, the different methods of analysis and different operationalisation of variables have to be considered. This is in particular vital investigating age. Whilst cross-sectional studies point out that physical activity generally decreases with increasing age, longitudinal analyses come to different results. Previous studies indicate that pertaining to gender more men take part in sports than women. However, considering period and cohort effects, recent longitudinal studies showed that women participate more in sport than in the past. Besides, it was found out that men generally tend to spend more money on sports than women do. A further finding is that the educational level influences physical activity positively. Research revealed that income had a positive impact on both, physical activity and sport expenditure.     

Ability,Disability, and the Oldest Old

Abstract

A measure of range of ability is used to profile the 85-years-old-and-older (oldest old) population, including the highly disabled institutional population. This new measure uses two new questions available in the 1990 Decennial Census concerning a selfcare limitation and a mobility limitation as well as the usual question concerning a work limitation. In addition to examining the extent of disability among the oldest old, the article examines the extent of care potentially available in the household as well as the economic characteristics of this age group. It is also profiled in terms of relevant personal characteristics, including age, gender, marital status, race, ethnicity, rural residence, education, and employment. A key question addressed is the need for help or care among the oldest old and how various long-term care proposals would meet such needs. A careful analysis of this unique and growing population is necessary to both allay fears of the cost of care or help as well as to dispel stereotypes of this age group as frail and dependent, and in need of institutional care.     

Ability, disability, and the oldest old

A measure of range of ability is used to profile the 85-years-old-and-older (oldest old) population, including the highly disabled institutional population. This new measure uses two new questions available in the 1990 Decennial Census concerning a self-care limitation and a mobility limitation as well as the usual question concerning a work limitation. In addition to examining the extent of disability among the oldest old, the article examines the extent of care potentially available in the household as well as the economic characteristics of this age group. It is also profiled in terms of relevant personal characteristics, including age, gender, marital status, race, ethnicity, rural residence, education, and employment. A key question addressed is the need for help or care among the oldest old and how various long-term care proposals would meet such needs. A careful analysis of this unique and growing population is necessary to both allay fears of the cost of care or help as well as to dispel stereotypes of this age group as frail and dependent, and in need of institutional care.     

社会经济变迁视野中的青年发展

青年的发展与社会经济的发展始终有着千丝万缕的联系。经济的发展不仅催生了青年的概念,促使了青年的社会流动,而且青年的价值观念、行为方式无不打上一个时代社会经济发展的烙印。处在社会转型期的当代中国青年,既享受着经济高速发展带来的机遇,又面临着诸多的问题和困惑。     

地方高校师范生教育技术能力评价现状及对策

评价是教育技术能力培养过程中不可缺少的重要环节,然而目前地方高校师范生教育技术能力的评价已不能对培养效果做出有效评估和反馈,只有制订科学合理的评价标准,并在评价方法、评价主体和评价反馈等方面予以完善,才能有效促进地方高校师范生教育技术能力培养。