唇腭裂患儿照顾者的社会性别分析

唇腭裂患儿的出生会给家庭成员尤其是患儿的照顾者带来生理、心理和社会层面的压力。本研究基于社会性别的视角，对唇腭裂患儿照顾者进行分析比较，发现在唇腭裂患儿照顾的家庭角色分工、照顾者面对患儿时的心理反应、照顾者对待患儿的态度、照顾者应对生活压力时的心理素质、照顾者关注的问题和需求、照顾者寻求帮助的途径与力度等方面，都呈现出明显的男女性别差异。在上述研究发现的基础上，提出了构建唇腭裂儿童最佳照顾模式的政策建议。     

孝文化的文献综述与孝观念的调查

随着社会经济发展和人口老龄化,高龄老人的成年子女照顾者成为老年人照顾领域备受关注的群体。笔者通过对2006年深圳高龄老人成年子女照顾者的调查数据分析发现,尽管我国面临着经济和社会的转型,遵从孝道规范对成年子女照顾老年父母的日常生活有巨大的影响作用,而男性和女性在对待孝道观念存在一些差异。     

唇腭裂儿童照顾者性别差异研究

本文通过对"重生行动"所收集的问卷资料和访谈资料的分析,发现唇腭裂儿童的照顾者不仅存在性别差异,同时还面临各种压力。本文着重论述唇腭裂儿童的照顾者存在的性别差异状况,并从文化和社会性别的角度分析出现这种状况的原因。另外从"重生行动"社会心理支持服务计划所开展的实践活动入手,探讨社会工作在唇腭裂儿童照顾者中的介入情况及其作为。     

社会工作与自闭症儿童家长消极心态干预研究

自闭症儿童的康复是一个世界性难题。从社会工作视角来看则更加注重自闭症儿童与家庭环境和社会环境的互动。自闭症儿童的家庭照顾者是自闭症儿童社会支持系统的“桥梁”,本文正是从自闭症儿童的家庭照顾者入手来研究其对自闭症儿童康复和积极融入社会的重要意义、面临的困境和相应对策。研究发现,自闭症儿童的家庭照顾者不仅存在经济压力和专业护理知识匮乏,更重要的是其内在巨大的心理压力和社会支持系统不足。本文从社会工作实践的优势视角出发,提出了构建家庭照顾者的互助系统以克服无助悲观的心态,加快恢复家庭的社会功能,促进自闭症儿童和家庭融人日常社会。     

东亚福利体制中儿童照顾的福利态度——基于国际社会调查项目数据的比较分析

在福利体制的分析框架下,东亚福利体制国家在儿童照顾领域有着与西方国家不同的福利态度.利用国际社会调查项目(ISSP) 2012年的数据,对东亚国家社会成员儿童照顾的福利态度进行判断,从国家与个人特征两个层面分析福利态度的影响因素.研究发现:受到有限的儿童照顾政策影响,东亚福利体制国家中儿童照顾的福利态度总体倾向于家庭化,由韩国、日本到中国家庭化程度逐步加深.儿童照顾福利态度更多受到个人特征影响.性别、城乡与劳动力市场因素是影响中国、日本与韩国儿童照顾福利态度的主要差异点.日本与韩国女性的不利地位使得处于育儿阶段的女性期待在家庭之外获得更多儿童照顾支持,快速城市化使中国的大城市居民对儿童照顾支持有着更高的期待,隔代育儿的传统则使中国的就业者与育儿阶段的女性能够从家庭获得更多帮助.     

老化与照护:失能老人的长照困境与社会工作服务 ——基于B市Y社区的调查

失能老人养老服务除了面临经济、身体等方面的沉重负担,还面临心理、情绪、观念等方面的负面影响。既有照顾者与被照顾者之间的双向压力,也有政府、社区、机构之间的供给缺位,也存在养老需求与长期照护现实之间的矛盾,还存在社会支持缺失与个体无法增能的双重窘境。基于社会工作助人的专业视角,探索夯实以居家养老为基础的家庭照护、加强社区老年照护服务、转型升级医养结合服务新模式的长照策略,达成失能老人老化态度转变、老年人力资源活化、照护资源有效整合的增能预期,实现"就地老化"和"成功老化"。     

督导手记——社区照顾介入分析

伴随社会发展出现的家庭结构弱化、家庭照顾弱化,西方国家通过举办大型的福利院和儿童福利院,将孤儿、贫困儿童、精神病人、老年人集中到各个福利院实施照顾,推行高福利政策。各种类型的福利院与被照顾者生活的社区是相互分离的,也就是说,被照顾者要进入福利机构接受照顾,就必须离开自己生活的社区。     

浅议女性家庭照料者的社会支持

随着老龄化社会的到来,老龄人口增多,老年人在家中养老必将长期存在,对老年人的家庭照料越来越重要。而由于社会性别意识的影响,社会规范把家庭照料的责任更多的赋予给了女性,现代女性面临强烈的角色冲突和巨大压力。必须加强对女性家庭照料者的社会支持,缓解她们的照料压力。     

艾滋病致孤儿童福利制度建设政策建议

2006年8月,受民政部与联合国儿童基金会的委托,对山西、河南与云南三省的艾滋病致孤儿童和受艾滋病影响儿童的生存状况,家庭生活与学校生活状况,儿童主要照顾者的照顾意愿与照顾能力,收养、寄养、集中供养、小家庭养育、社会助养五种不同类型养育模式的优劣和比较展开了专题政策研究.     

美国：老年人家庭照料者支持项目（NFCSP）

家庭是为老年人提供长期照料的主要渠道,家庭照料不仅能节省大量的机构照料成本,也有利于老年人的身心健康。但家庭照料者在照顾老人时,需要付出巨大的情感、身体和经济代价。研究表明,美国22％的照料者同时照顾2个老人,8％同时照顾3个或更多老人。美国有近一半的照料者已经超过50岁,他们自己也将成为老年人,健康也更容易受到损害,三分之一的照料者认为他们的健康变得越来越差。     

Coping Strategies and Caregiving Outcomes Among Rural Dementia Caregivers

We studied the coping styles by which family caregivers living in rural areas of Alabama deal with the demands of caring for an older relative with dementia. Data were obtained from a sample of 141 caregivers through the random-digit dialing telephone survey. Two coping styles were identified: deliberate coping and avoidance coping. Deliberate coping was related to higher life satisfaction scores and, avoidance coping was related to lower life satisfaction scores and higher caregiver burden scores. Avoidance coping appeared to moderate the effects of caregiver health on caregiver burden. Social workers should pay greater attention to caregivers with dysfunctional coping styles.     

Private prayer among Alzheimer's caregivers: mediating burden and resiliency

This study examined whether the coping method of private prayer served as a protective factor of resiliency among a sample (N = 304) of Alzheimer's caregivers. Participants in caregiver support groups completed questionnaires that assessed a number of constructs, including caregiving burden; prayer frequency; use of private prayer as a means of coping; and perceived resiliency. The sample averaged a moderate level of burden and a great extent of prayer usage. Caregiving burden had positively affected the extent of prayer usage and negatively influenced perceived resiliency. Findings from hierarchical regression analysis showed that caregiving burden and private prayer significantly influenced variation in perceived resiliency scores. Results from a regression equation series and path analysis provided support for prayer as a mediator between burden and perceived resiliency. Implications for social work practice and education are discussed.     

Burden,Coping and Health Status

This study investigates caregiver health, burden and coping strategies of family caregivers to institutionalized and community-dwelling Alzheimer's disease patients. Patient residence was significantly related to caregiver health status, sources of burden and the efficacy of various strategies for reducing burden. Implications for intervention with family caregivers are discussed.     

Caring for Individuals with Chronic Illness and Minor Depression: Latino Perceptions of Caregiver Burden

ABSTRACT

Informal caregiving can be fundamental to disease management. Yet, the psychosocial, physical, and financial burden experienced by caregivers can be significant. In the US, Latinos experience increasing rates of chronic conditions, the highest uninsured rates in the country, and a growing dependence on informal caregivers. This article explores the impact of caregiving on caregivers of individuals with comorbid chronic disease and depression. Findings highlight the impact of caregiving on financial insecurity, balancing competing demands, increased emotional distress, and community supports. Findings support the inclusion of caregivers in disease management programs to enhance psychosocial outcomes for both caregivers and their patients.     

Access to Services by the Elderly:

Abstract

This analysis evaluated the hypothesis that comorbidity, as a measure of physical health status, would negatively impact the stress management capability of caregivers. To examine this relationship, data from 3,112 caregivers participating in the Uniform Caregiver Assessment through California's Caregiver Resource Center System in 2000 were used. Results indicated that comorbidity was not a significant predictor of caregiver inability to manage stress; however, high depression scores, disruptive behavior by the care receiver, and reduced social support from family and friends were significantly associated. Implications for social workers in these areas are discussed.     

The Self-Forgiveness Process of Caregivers After the Death of Care-Receivers Diagnosed With Alzheimer's Disease

ABSTRACT

This study explores the relationship of self-forgiveness and adaptive coping, religious/spiritual practices, social support, decreased grief, and mental well-being. 133 caregivers were surveyed. Bivariate analysis and stepwise regression models revealed that decreased grief, adaptive coping, and social support were significant in explaining the variation in self-forgiveness. This is one of the first studies to address self-forgiveness as part of the grieving process of Alzheimer's caregivers. Future directions are explored supporting inclusion of self-forgiveness as an aspect of grief and adaptive coping; which is further enhanced by the level of social support experienced by the caregiver.     

Mosaic of difference: enhancing culturally competent aging-related knowledge among social workers

The professional literature has not adequately addressed the behavioral and social factors that contribute to different coping outcomes for African American elder caregivers as compared to non African Americans. Awareness and understanding of these unique experiences would better prepare professionals to work with such clients. This study examines the predictors of emotional distress among 46 African American women who provide care to dependent elderly parents. Multivariate statistical analyses show that elder caregivers' rating of quality of life, their years of caregiving, as well are their poor heath constitute significant predictors of risk for depression. The results of the study provide support for the inclusion of more culturally appropriate measures of caregiver distress, and provide insights to inform social work practice, policy and research concerning African American female elder caregivers in the 21st century.     

Mosaic of Difference

Summary

The professional literature has not adequately addressed the behavioral and social factors that contribute to different coping outcomes for African American elder caregivers as compared to non African Americans. Awareness and understanding of these unique experiences would better prepare professionals to work with such clients. This study examines the predictors of emotional distress among 46 African American women who provide care to dependent elderly parents. Multivariate statistical analyses show that elder caregivers' rating of quality of life, their years of caregiving, as well are their poor heath constitute significant predictors of risk for depression. The results of the study provide support for the inclusion of more culturally appropriate measures of caregiver distress, and provide insights to inform social work practice, policy and research concerning African American female elder caregivers in the 21st century.     

An Ecological Understanding of Caregiver Experiences in Palliative Care

Palliative care is specialized health care to improve quality of life for patients with serious illness and their families through prevention and relief of suffering. A Palliative Care Institute was held in western Washington to capture community voices about diverse needs, strengths, and opportunities for improvement of palliative care. Researchers employed qualitative methods to obtain thematic data, provide real-time analysis, and engage in a multivoting technique to reflect stakeholder interest in individual themes and prioritize larger group interests. Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems framework was used to explore caregiver experiences. Within the microsystem, caregivers reported difficulties in interactions with medical providers as a key challenge. Within the mesosysytem, interactions between patients and medical providers and the impact on caregivers were explored. Within the exosystem, caregivers reported lack of control over the schedules of personal care staff. Macrosystem influences included impact of local culture on the development of palliative care services. Chronosystem influences include de-medicalization of childbirth and its impact on perceptions of palliative care. Implications include the need for social workers to be proactive in fostering trust and effective communication between care providers and caregivers, and the demand for health care provider training in communication with patients and families.     

Social-economic context of parent care: explaining Chinese caregivers' psychological and emotional well-being

This paper explores Chinese familial caregivers' depression and subjective burdens among the current caregivers. Data were collected in 1997-1999 with 110 caregivers who were then taking care of physically dependent parents or parents-in-law. Regression analyses were conducted to assess the factors that influence caregivers depression and subjective burden. Findings suggest that family and individual economic conditions are related to caregivers' depression. Caregivers' involvement in caregiving tasks is associated with caregivers' subjective burden. Poorer self-perceived health is related to higher report of caregivers' depression. The author argues that poorer health and unemployment at the time of drastic social and economic changes in China may have created psychological and emotional anxieties and depression for caregivers. The lack of financial and social stability may have deleterious effect for current caregivers in the future when they grow older and have to be cared for by their one-child generation children.