时间与海德格尔的“时间性”

本文不是试图对海德格尔进行解释 ,而是试图从文本本身的角度质疑《存在与时间》中概念的矛盾性。《存在与时间》建立了一种新的 ,关于时间始源性问题的学说。时间的始源 ,被海德格尔称为“时间性”。时间性在此在分析中有中心地位 ,对时间作出了新的解释。然而时间性本身却是一个矛盾概念。时间性源于死的本真性 ;死所以是最本真的 ,因为死是必须此在自己去承担的存在可能性。如果以是否自己去承担为标准 ,那么此在能承担的存在可能性并不只有死。所以死不可能是最本真的。因而 ,时间性也不可能是始源性的时间学说。文章通过对时间性的分析指出 ,时间性学说是建立在对于时间的一般理解之上的。     

真、善、美:科学与艺术的共同本源及其在服饰上的体现

科学与艺术是人类文明的两大形态,也是人类对宇宙不断探索和创造性地加以认识的结果。它们都是以人为本,体现了人类对真、善、美的不懈追求。科学探索以追求“真”为动力,以造福人类即“善”为本源,而“美”视觉化地反映了真和善的这种当前状态;艺术是对生活本质规律的形象化揭示,是对“真”的表现和再现,是对“美”的追求的结果。艺术形象的启迪、认识、教育、审美和娱乐作用,在驱动欣赏者积极、向上、至善。因此,真、善、美分别是科学与艺术的艺同精神、终极目标和理想标准。三者在服饰上得到生动体现。     

政府在社区服务中的作用

本文立足于中国共产党第十六届中央委员会第六次全体会议作出的《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》中关于社会管理的论述,阐述了社区服务的基本概念,认为社区服务是社区社会工作和公共服务的集合体,它兼有社区社会工作和公共服务的双重属性。在界定概念的同时,论述了社区服务具有福利性、系统性、民本性、互助性、互补性和多样性的特点,并具备排忧解难、协调整合、调解预防、社区稳定的功能。因此,提出政府在社区服务中的作用是:制定社区服务政策、制定社区服务目标、拉动公民参与社区服务、建立社区服务的合作关系、作为社区服务责任的主体。     

非人间、曼陀罗与我圣朝:18世纪五台山的多重空间想象和身份表达

18世纪，五台山逐步发展为一个跨区域、多文明的神圣中心，吸引着来自我国的汉地、蒙古、藏区以及印度、日本、朝鲜等地的朝圣者。此间，大量不同版本、不同语言的五台山山志以及朝圣指南频出，包括僧侣编写的汉文、藏文和蒙古文等朝圣指南以及清廷主导编写的钦定山志。本文通过比较关于五台山的四个汉藏文本，分析这四个文本中的汉传佛教叙事、藏传佛教叙事和皇权叙事，探讨不同叙事呈现出的不同文明体系对于空间和地景、民族和国家、世俗和神圣等概念的想象和表述，进而以“文明”的视角拓展对知识生产、神圣空间和国家建构之间关系的理论探讨。文章解绑了语言、民族、文化、国家等概念之间的对应关系，将帝国作为一种跨地域多文明体系的国家形式，指出帝国的扩张过程并不是帝国中心不断推进、“文明化”作为文化和自然的边陲的过程，而是多文明体系互动交融，不断参与帝国的文化和自然的建构的过程。     

公民身份认同：一个新研究领域的形成理路

公民身份的认同问题是20世纪90年代以后由公民身份研究与认同研究结合而被推动起来的,是亚民族的地方认同与超民族的区域认同汇合到政治层面得以表达的结果,对西方民族国家建构的现代公民身份及其认同形态都产生很大冲击。公民身份与认同既相矛盾又可部分融合;公民身份认同主要关注个体或群体对政治共同体之成员地位（包括自我安全、归属、团结、包容或排斥）的心理认知和主观感受,在于提升政治共同体之成员的尊严和地位。公民身份认同研究从外部可以划分为宪政爱国主义、多元主义、激进民主主义这三种理论视角与政治主张,从内部可以划分为合法化构建的、拒斥性的、重新规划的公民身份认同三种类型。本文立足于20世纪90年代以来西方社会政治理论的主要文献,旨在厘清公民身份与认同两议题的结合过程,阐释据于公民身份认同的不同理论旨趣,探讨其内在的分形结构。公民身份认同研究正日益受到学术界的高度关注,其内部分形在现实上正挑战着现代公民身份的单一认同结构。
关键词：公民身份认同公民身份认同合法化构建的拒斥性的重新规划的     

孤独个体的共同生活:自然社会的“自然”与“社会”

李猛的《自然社会》是近年来汉语学界研究现代“政治”秩序的一部界碑式著作。此处所谓“政治”,既指向一般意义上的政治,更包括人性、道德、社会和法权等多种秩序。本文认为,《自然社会》的核心是对“个体”与“社会”之关系这一经典命题的深化,亦即孤独的现代个体所构成的共同生活究竟是怎样的,如何理解包括家庭、社会、道德和国家在内的多种共同生活形态的实质及其内在张力。在此基础上,本文试图讨论以下几点：一是鲁滨逊式的孤独包含着一种新的社会生活形态的可能;二是格劳秀斯、普芬道夫和霍布斯那里孤独个体的微妙差别对于理解现代人的心灵秩序不可或缺;三是霍布斯式的个体形象指向一种新的现代人拓展自身人性的可能;四是自然法秩序所塑造的人性为现代国家的确立提供了道德动力。因而,本文认为,现代精神的发展尚未穷尽自身,只有更充分地理解其内在的丰富性和开放性,我们才能更有信心地把握自身的处境和命运。     

Subhumanism: The re-emergence of an affective-symbolic ontology in the migration debate and beyond

A critical analysis of social behavior proposes that the contempt for immigrants, refugees, or asylum seekers around the world is explicitly or implicitly powered by an ontology of the subhuman, a term that was used in early 20^th century American race and eugenic theory, as well as in fascist Germany, to describe and justify the mistreatment of minorities or perceived enemies. “Migrants” are not afforded the same rights and respect as other people, because they are not conceived as real humans, and their subhuman status allows them to be understood as criminals, degenerates, and even parasites, which are infesting the orderly body of the nation. Subhuman theory works with affects rather than with theoretical analyses, with visualizations and imaginations instead of intellectual concepts, and with a normalized, manufactured common sense. It is argued that at the core of the subhuman lies the idea of chaos, unhealthy appearance, and disorderly behavior, from which humanity is removed. Discussed are processes of subhumanization, the relationship between subhumanism and racism as well as fascism, and the dialectics between the particular and the general, which proposes a shared world for all humans. It is suggested that psychological concepts are limited, and that political, legal, and resisting action is required to combat the re-emergence of a normalized ontology.     

The evolution of the Georgian social protection system since independence: An unclear future despite recent expansion

In the first decade of transition, the Georgian social protection system experienced a major retrenchment as the government struggled to finance welfare provision in the face of massive economic contraction and the near collapse of public institutions. Since 2004, this trend has been reversed, with the economy returning to a fast growth path and public administration improving considerably. Recent reforms, including the notable introduction of universal public health insurance, are welcome steps towards building a modern welfare state. Major challenges still remain, however, especially in relation to the system's limited effect on widespread poverty. Decelerating growth, the lack of strong pro‐welfare actors, and the absence of positive external pull factors may stall or prevent future growth, but the changing nature of the social contract between the people and government, as well as Georgian politicians' growing recognition of the importance of the welfare system for inclusive growth, leaves ample space for optimism.     

"实用主义真理观"辨析

实用主义真理观作为对实证论、自明论、逻辑论、约定论、符合论等真理论的超越,并不是主张"有用即真理,强权即公道".相反,它是非常辩证的,既讲真理的真实性和真理符合论,也突出真理的实践性、有效性;主张理论、实践和效果三位一体;本质上是实践主义和科学主义的,具有积极探索和创新求实的性质;反对绝对真理,重视理论结合实际;提倡哲学关心人类生活,精心呵护生命,培养审美情趣,塑造完美人格,实现完整人性;完善真善美统一的真理观,建立创造性的方法论;立足时间论、生成论、协同论、身体主义和后现代主义,撞击语言牢笼,以挫败绝对理性和抽象无用的学院派哲学.     

Maori family culture: A context of youth development in Counties/Manukau

Abstract

This paper has two main objectives. First, it examines the ways in which the Waitangi Tribunal considers the notion of “time” (and its corollary “timelessness") in relation to the Treaty of Waitangi. The Tribunal has increasingly emphasised the timeless‐ness of the Treaty, its ability to transcend temporal notions of time, and the implications of this for the relationship between the Treaty partners, Maori and the Crown. Second, it compares these tendencies with contemporary Maori ideas of time, as they are presented in the modern Treaty claims process. It is argued that the Tribunal, especially in its more recent reports, has signalled a marked shift in its acknowledgment of Maori concepts of time. Its published reports from 1999 onwards show more appreciation not for only for Maori understandings of the Treaty relationship, but for Maori values and concepts which, by their articulation and inclusion in the hearing process, test orthodox and dominant assumptions regarding the nature of change over time. Some broader trends may also be observed. Since the 1980s, there have been numerous references to the Treaty and its principles in statutory law, Waitangi Tribunal reports, and Deeds of Settlement ratified by successive New Zealand governments. Furthermore, there has been increasing (but by no means universal) recognition of the Treaty as a “developing social contract”, rather than a static historical document, with much of the impetus for such an interpretation coming from findings and recommendations of the Waitangi Tribunal.     

建设世界城市:北京面临的挑战和对策

北京提出的建设世界城市发展目标,既是北京城市发展迈入新的历史阶段的要求,也是中国发展的必然结果和中国今后参与全球化的需要。北京要建设世界城市,将面临诸多困难与挑战。针对存在的问题,文章提出了应对之策,即制定国家发展战略,构建首都大都市圈管理新体制,建设国际金融之都,打造各具特色的功能区、重点打造CBD功能区,加强公共服务型政府建设,提升首都软实力等。     

财富、支配与国家：亚当·斯密论奴隶制的废除与现代自由的基础

尽管近年来学界对亚当·斯密所谓商业实现人类自由与文明社会的判断多有关注,但未能充分解释其笔下包括商业社会在内的人类社会广泛存在的社会压迫,低估了奴隶制的韧性与西欧现代自由的偶然性。本文指出,斯密认为商业无法实现人性中暴烈激情的普遍转向,而是通过改变财富与政治权力的分配来实现人类自由的革新。在古代政治中,商业强化了既有的蓄奴经济与支配结构,但在欧洲封建时代破碎的政治版图中,商业与奢侈恰好促成了封建领主的破产,进而导致少部分地区封建制的瓦解、绝对主义的诞生与奴隶制的废除。同样重要的是,欧洲内陆广大的封建地产缓和了地主的财政危机,商业在此无力撬动财富与权力的天平,反而再次强化了社会压迫。对斯密来说,只有深入了解商业社会在政治权威变迁中的角色与作用,观察商业对政治权力分配方式的历史影响,才能充分理解法治、正义与自由的可能性。     

追寻神圣社会:纪念爱弥尔·涂尔干逝世一百周年

本文试图从涂尔干所揭示的失范之现代性内在根源入手,详细剖解个人主义、民族主义以及表现为绝对国家意志的帝国主义的深刻的社会原因,并以此来表明涂尔干的核心思想任务,是在构成现代社会的所有要件之间,重新搭建起多重的连结纽带,使人重新回到具体的社会之中,使政治重新落实在具体的社会之中。为了全面揭示群体与国家、职业与民主、道德与政治的内在关联,涂尔干分别从法团、国家、财产、契约四个规范性范畴出发,对社会的性质做了历史论证。不仅如此,涂尔干在其宗教研究中,还从本体论、实在论、知识论和伦理学四个方面对社会存在做了证明。最后,本文还表明,涂尔干对教育核心议题的讨论,是试图解决道德的凝聚,乃至文明内在精神的传承等问题。本文希望以此来纪念这位思想的集大成者逝世一百周年。     

An Exploration of Major Factors in the Cultural Ecology of the German Aesthetic Discourse of Modernity＊

德意志审美现代性话语是近代以来德意志历史发展的自我显现，由德意志自然、历史、社会、思想共构的德意志文化生态，统摄着德意志审美现代性话语的历史命运，也现实地决定着德意志审美现代性话语的本质特征。德意志由文化立族，新教精神是德意志的民族意识、思想观念、文化理解、生活经验的灵魂。由市民社会孕育、养成的社会结构、生活方式、文化制度等德意志市民文化生态情境，极大地决定了德意志审美现代性话语的形态。德意志启蒙思想中的感性确立与美的独立、理性主义调整与价值理性的生成、艺术公共性的建立三大思想情致，是德意志文化生态的构成元素。     

整合药礼:阿卡医疗体系的运作机制

本文以云南省普洱市哈尼族阿卡人的整体宇宙秩序为观照,运用文化阐释方法剖析其病痛观及相应医疗实践,以理解其“药礼结合”的治病方式,并挖掘阿卡社会医疗体系的运作机制。研究发现,阿卡人认为人包括人体与人魂,有些病痛只是身体的病痛,可以用药物治疗;有些病痛则被视为人与不可见的灵、鬼、神、老天爷等非人存在物互动交流的渠道,是人违背宇宙秩序招致的惩罚,需诉诸献祭仪式以求病愈。社会—宇宙的集体道德通过这些病痛被内化到个体当中,后者在不确定的病痛及相应治疗仪式中反复确认和维护宇宙秩序的权威,维持了社会—宇宙的更新与延续。正是“药礼结合”的多元实践,保证了阿卡礼成功以病痛作为落点来整合社会—宇宙秩序,从而保证了阿卡礼的持续运作。     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

Journey through the ‘Gate of Zion’: British policy,Jewish refugees and the La Spezia Affair, 1946

ABSTRACT

This article explores the case of ‘illegal’ immigration at the end of the Second World War and, specifically, the events that unfolded at the Italian port of La Spezia. In April 1946, 1014 visa-less Jewish refugees, who were attempting to reach the British Mandate of Palestine, were detained on a vessel by Italian authorities under the instruction of the British. Rather than conceding to Whitehall’s rejection of entry visas, the Spezia refugees remained defiant, threatening collective mass-suicide and staging hunger strikes until passage was finally granted. The Spezia narrative has, however, remained on the periphery of academic scholarship, with the case of the ship Exodus 1947, which set sail the following year, dominating historiographical accounts. This article demonstrates the impact of the La Spezia Affair on post-war migratory movements and, most notably, the importance of refugee agency within the context of forced migration. Analysing the events at La Spezia from the port itself recasts the narrative through a ‘local’ lens, recovering the role of the refugees which has been largely overshadowed by state-level responses. In so doing, traditional perspectives from ‘above’ are confronted with those from ‘below’, reconfiguring our historical understanding of refugees and transnational migration in the twentieth century.     

“自由”与“专政”的思想谱系——法国大革命前后政治-社会学说的转变

自由与专政是法国革命的两个面向,法国革命的政治文化亦随之打上激进性的烙印,但在法国的政治理论脉络中,不乏有尝试在各个极端倾向之间寻求平衡点的思想传统：孟德斯鸠、贡斯当、斯塔尔夫人、托克维尔等堪称其代表,他们的共通之处在于探讨政治问题时都十分关注对社会维度的考量。在孟德斯鸠关于政体的性质与本原之间关系的讨论中,呈现出政制与民情间的互动模式;贡斯当承袭了孟德斯鸠古今社会形态差异的议题,以古今自由之变为视角,提出在一个幅员广阔、奉行人民主权原则的共和国中探讨现代自由内涵的问题;作为他的知己与战友,斯塔尔夫人努力探索构建一个能够保障现代人自由的共和政体：“制度的专政”;托克维尔则进一步从民情角度切入,努力探索完善民主社会并使共和制最终摆脱帝制幽灵的良方。     

韩国民事执行威慑机制及其启示

韩国民事执行威慑机制以债务人财产明示制度、不履行债务者名单制度、债务不履行之损害赔偿制度和债务人财产照会制度为主要内容,集中体现了＂以债权实现为中心、兼顾程序利益保障＂的基本理念。韩国的经验为我国民事执行威慑机制的完善提供了诸多启示：在制度形式上,应以增强条文的确定性和可操作性作为首要任务;在制度内容上,在加强执行威慑功能的同时,还要兼顾当事人程序利益之保障。     

网络极端情绪人群的类型及其政治与社会意涵——基于中国网络社会心态调查数据（2014）的实证研究

本文以社会化媒体的用户为中心,以用户的网络极端情绪表达为切入点,考察中国社会化媒体空间中的群体类型,并探讨各群体的客观背景特征,以及各群体的政治态度和网络表达行动。对中国网络社会心态调查数据（2014）的潜类分析表明,我们可以根据微博用户表达的极端情绪将其划分为“酱油众”“冷漠族”“铁血爱国派”“愤世嫉俗派”和“民粹主义者”五类群体。其中,“民粹主义者”具有一定的“草根左派”色彩,“铁血爱国派”具有某种“亲体制左派”的色彩,“冷漠族”则倾向于“温和右派”,“愤世嫉俗派”倾向于“激进右派”。就政治态度而言,“愤世嫉俗派”对体制的态度最为负面,“民粹主义者”对政府的信任度最低,而“铁血爱国派”对体制的态度最为正面,对政府的信任度最高。就网络行动而言,“民粹主义者”使用网络暴力和参与在线抗议的可能性都最高,其次是“愤世嫉俗派”和“铁血爱国派”。文章最后指出,对互联网用户极端情绪的研究是理解中国网络社会的重要窗口。