Gl?serne Decke oder goldener K?fig: Scheitert der Aufstieg von Frauen in erste Managementpositionen an betrieblicher Diskriminierung oder an famili?ren Pflichten?

Using data from the HIS-Graduate Panel 1997, this analysis scrutinizes competing explanations for the gender gap in attainment of first management positions. Homophily, allocative and statistical discrimination as causal mechanisms which studies with a focus on organizations emphasize, in this analysis exert no explanatory power for gender inequality. Two non-organizational factors here fully account for the gender gap. Besides women??s and men??s self-selection into different fields of study, the gender-specific consequences of family formation explain the major part of the gap. Our findings show that motherhood nearly reduces the probability by half for a woman to hold a management position ten years after graduation from university. We argue that family policy and the availability of child care services moderate the size of the mother gap. In line with this reasoning, our results show that the mother gap in early management positions is smaller in East-German states than in West-German states.     

„Unkündbar und nun?“ Lebensziel oder Schicksalsschlag – Chancen für eine faire Trennungskultur in der öffentlichen Verwaltung

Job security is seen as a very high value by employees regarding their professional objectives. Especially for employees in public service that secure professional status is one of their main reasons for working in public servance. Therefore, any dismissal may have severe negative effects on health of the employees and also negative effects on the image of the employer. From their perspective, an outplacement program could be an expedient element within the employee-life-cycle (recruiting—retention—exit/outplacement). A fair culture of separation in the organizational context in public sector which is accompanied by an outplacement program can give new perspectives to the employees and strengthen the image of the employer. An interview study with clients of an outplacement consultation will be mentioned. The participants were asked about their expectations and experiences with the consultation. Basically, the results clearly show that the consultant has a tremendous importance and is thus one of the most important success factors. If he or she meets the needs of the client, he or she works up the separation and promotes the confidence of his clients, nothing stands in the way of a successful consultation.     

Soziale Beeinflussung in Mikronetzwerken am Beispiel der Erhebung von Markenpräferenzen mit dem „Tischmodell“

Brand preferences in a homogeneous student milieu are analyzed in order to model how social influence affects people’s views and opinions. In this study the individual person is not considered as unit of analysis, but rather the people eating together at a table in a canteen. In classical surveys the opinions of the respondents should be independent from one another. In contrast to standard surveys the study presented here explicitly aims to examine the influence of a micro network on the attitudes of the constituent actors. To measure this effect an overall degree of conformity is calculated based on all table communities. Simulations are used to estimate the influence of the relations constituting the table community on the agreement of brand preferences among the table companions. Similar to the well-known bootstrapping procedure, the respondents are randomly grouped into table communities, where the distribution of group sizes matches the observed distribution for every resampling. By controlling for the socio-demographic structure of the table communities it is possible to estimate the effect of the micro-networks on the agreement of brand preferences. It turns out that the relevance of the “network effect” remains, even if the distribution of socio-demographic factors such as age, gender and field of study were held constant within the table communities. The presented “table model” can be applied to many problems.     

Eine Forschungsstudie zum Elternkurs des Deutschen Kinderschutzbundes e.V. „Starke Eltern — Starke Kinder®“

The course for parents organized by the German Society for the Protection of Children ?Strong parents — strong children“ offers support to parents in their methods of upbringing their children. The effects the participation in this course can have on parents, their children, the family atmosphere and the partents-child relationship were evaluated in a research study at the University of Applied Sciences Cologne.After briefly introducting the course for parents the study ist meant to show how deeply the drawing up of research parameter (i.e. dimensions of education) and the realisation of the evaluation were influenced by the anthropology and dialogical pedagogy of the Polish doctor and pedagogue Janusz Korczak (1878–1942).The contribution describes pedagogical reflections on and the relevant dimensions of the educational methods that encourage respectively inhibit development. The essay then delivers first results of the accompanying research.     

Wie wirken „Subkulturen der Gewalt“? Das Zusammenspiel von Internalisierung und Verbreitung gewaltlegitimierender Normen in der Erklärung von JugendgewaltHow do “Subcultures of Violence” lead to violence? The interplay of internalization and prevalence of norms legitimizing violence in the explanation of youth violence

Both the internalization and the prevalence of violence-legitimizing norms are empirically related to acts of violence. The action-theoretic processes, though, that generate these relationships are not well understood. Based on subcultural approaches to violence formulated in social psychology, ethnology and sociology the current study identifies two action-theoretic processes that relate violence-legitimizing norms to acts of violence: conforming to internalized norms in applicable situations on the one hand; and status considerations on the other hand. The model of frame selection is applied to integrate these processes into a general theory of action. Hypotheses are tested using data from a school-based survey in Germany (N?=?2635). Multi-level regression models on measures of violent intentions in a factorial survey, as well as on response times to this factorial survey, are reported. The results confirm the expected interplay of internalization of violence-legitimizing norms, prevalence of these norms, and situational provocation in explaining violent intentions and the time respondents needed to answer the factorial survey.     

Und Immer Noch Einmal: Alfred Schütz, „Die Definition der Situation“ und die (Angeblichen) Grenzen von Rational Choice

The paper is a reply to the critique of Christian Etzrodt in two points, where he was discussing the model of frame-selection which I formulated following some suggestions of Alfred Schutz on the problem of bounded rationality: (1) The model does not exclude at all the processes of the “interactive” and symbolic constitution of social situations; (2) it does in no way rely on the “rationality” of the actors alone. It does, however, assume quite a different mechanism to the assumption of “calculativeness”, usually associated with subjected-expected-utility theory, despite it is based on certain formal assumptions of this theory. The core of the framing-concept is the “match” of typical properties of the situation (i.e. “symbols”) with socially shared mental models, which are part of the identity of the actors. Quite different to the assumptions of Etzrodt, the model thus systematically takes into account the “meaning” of social action and the strength of culture in defining a situation.     

„Neue Berater braucht das Land?“ – Eine empirische Analyse der Charakteristika potenzieller Nachwuchskräfte in der Finanzdienstleistungsbranche und Konsequenzen für das Employer Branding

Demographic change and associated shortage of skilled labor as well as changing values in future generations of employees are omnipresent. In addition, financial service providers are facing further challenges such as impacts caused by the financial crisis and the commission remuneration model in order to reach suitable employees, so that a target group oriented employer branding strategy plays an important role.Therefore, this paper investigated characteristics of potential employees who are interested in the financial services industry and also in salary models based on commission rather than fixed pay. To that end, we conducted an online survey with students as representatives of future employees. The questionnaire investigated expectations of potential applicants regarding their employers, their information seeking behavior (especially regarding online media), values, and personality characteristics. Results give insights into successful media use and corporate presentations of employers, but also illustrate the low attractiveness of the financial services industry and also commission remuneration models. Therefore, the importance of a successful employer branding strategy is emphasized.