Macao: Demographic Statistics

By December 31, 2003, Macao had 448,495 permanent residents, with an annual increase rate of 1.5%. In terms of gender, women accounted for 51.9% and men 48.1%; in age structure, people aged 0-14 made up 18.6% of the population; the 15-64 age group accounted for 73.4%, and the 65 and over age group made up 7.9% of the population. In 2003, newborns totaled 3,212, up 1.6% from 2002, increasing for the first time since 1988; in the same year, 1,474 people died, up 4.2% from 2002, with the leadin…     

Macao： Demographic Statistics

Eradicating poverty and accomplishing common prosperity is a long-pursued goal of the Chinese government, according to a statement made by the government during the Global Conference on Scaling up Poverty Reduction recently in Shanghai. In the statement, the Chinese government set the goal of building a well-off society for all its people during the first two decades of the 21st century. In poverty alleviation, the priority will be given to rural areas. Despite the remarkable achievement…     

Demographic Update in Macao

According to statistics recently released by the Statistical and Census Bureau of Macao, by the end of August 2001 Macao had a total population of 435,235, up 22.4% from 1991, an annual growth rate of 2.04%. Of Macao residents, 48% were males and 52% females. The median age of the population increased to 33.3 years from 28.8 years in 1991, a sign of an impending aging society. By early February 2001, there were 1,898 boat dwellers within Macao抯 jurisdiction, of which 77.1% were males an…     

Gathering Commemorates Demographic Forerunner

On June 13, 2002, about 300 demographers, researchers and experts gathered in Beijing to commemorate the 120th birthday of Ma Yinchu, a renowned demographer and a forerunner of family planning. Born on June 24, 1882, Ma was a legend in China抯 history of thinking. He was an educator as well as an economist spanning two centuries. In 1957, he published his famous book entitled New Population Theory. In the book, he assessed the population situation in China, analyzed the conflict between…     

China's "Demographic Dividend" Period

Regarding how long China's "demographic dividend" can last, 2006:Analysis and Projection for China's Social Situation (by Ru Xin, Lu Xueyi and Li Peilin) concludes that it will last until the end of 2020. Cai Fang,     

Demographic changes by province in 2003

Province (year-enTdo, tmali l lpioonp). Birth r(a‰te) Death r(a‰te) Natural irnactree (as‰e) National 1,292.27 12.41 6.40 6.01 Beijing 14.56 5.10 5.20 -0.10 Tianjin 10.11 7.14 6.04 1.10 Hebei 67.69 11.43 6.27 5.16 Shanxi 33.14 12.26 6.04 6.22 Inner Mongolia 23.80 9.24 6.17 3.07 Liaoning 42.10 6.90 5.83 1.07 Jilin 27.04 7.25 5.64 1.61 Heilongjiang 38.15 7.48 5.45 2.03 Shanghai 17.11 4.85 6.20 -1.35 Jiangsu 74.06 9.04 7.03 2.01 Zhejiang 46.80 9.66 6.38 3.28 Anhui 64.10 11.15 5.20 5.95 F…     

Demographic Research in Britain 1936–1986

We use data from the nationally representative 1997 Demographic and Reproductive Health Survey to examine use of maternity services in rural China. The data indicate that roughly 60 per cent of women had at least one prenatal visit, while 40 per cent had a professionally assisted birth over the period 1988–97. Despite China's shift from a more socialist to a more privatized health care system, use of maternity services increased over this period. These increases are consistent with the push toward integration of reproductive health into family planning that emerged after the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development and the 1995 Fourth World Women's Conference held in Beijing. At the same time, we find indirect evidence that the target-based population policy may well have exerted downward pressure on use of maternity services; differences by parity are marked and multilevel models predicting use of maternity services indicate underdispersion at the individual level.     

Is the Demographic Dividend an Education Dividend?

The effect of changes in age structure on economic growth has been widely studied in the demography and population economics literature. The beneficial effect of changes in age structure after a decrease in fertility has become known as the “demographic dividend.” In this article, we reassess the empirical evidence on the associations among economic growth, changes in age structure, labor force participation, and educational attainment. Using a global panel of countries, we find that after the effect of human capital dynamics is controlled for, no evidence exists that changes in age structure affect labor productivity. Our results imply that improvements in educational attainment are the key to explaining productivity and income growth and that a substantial portion of the demographic dividend is an education dividend.     

China Faces Five Demographic Problems： NPFPC Minister Zhang

Despite the remarkable achievements China has madein its population program, the next 20 years willcontinue to see an annual net increase of 10 millionpeople in China, experts say.As China moves from a single-focus approach –quantitative control – to a multiple-thrust approach(combining quantitative controls with qualitativeimprovements and structural rationalization), theDecember 2004country faces even stiffer challenges in its populationprogram, according to Zhang Weiqing, minister ofthe…     

China’s Demographic Future Under the New Two-Child Policy

China implemented the two-child policy in 2016, however, potential impacts of this new policy on its population reality have not been adequately understood. Using population census data and 1% population sampling data during the period of 1982–2015, this study develops a fertility simulation model to explore the effects of the two-child policy on women’s total fertility rate, and employs Cohort Component Method in population projections to examine China’s demographic future with different fertility regimes. The fertility simulation results reveal that the two-child policy will make significantly positive effects on China’s total fertility rate through increasing second births, leading to a sharp but temporary increase in the first 5 years after the implementation of the new policy. In addition, population projections using simulated total fertility rates show that the Chinese population would reach its peak value around the middle 2020s and be faced with the reduction of labor force supply and rapid aging process, featured with remarkable increases in both size and share of the elderly population. The findings suggest that the two-child policy would undoubtedly affect China’s fertility rates and demographic future; however, the effects are mild and temporary.

     

Balanced Regional Development in China： Demographic and Economic Distribution Mismatch

Nhtional Health and Family Planning：Commission （NHF（PC） held a Working Meeting on Establishment of National Resident Physician Standardized Training System in Shanghai on February 13＇ 2014, to formally launch the construction of resident physician standardiZed training system with fire-year undergraduate medical education plus three-year resident physician training as the main mode It will bring about profound changes to medical education in China.     

Major Demographic and Socioeconomic Indicators of China, 1990-1995

IndieatorPoPulation at year一end(million) 人介了le 凡了脚ale 之力.ban Rural%ofurban PoPulationtototalPoPulationAgricultural PoPulation(million)Non一agricultural PoPulation(million)%ofnon一agrieultural PoPulation to total PoPulationPoPulation density(Person/sq.km) 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 19951,143.331,158.231,171.711,185.171,198.501,211.21589.04594.66 598.11563.57 573.60604.72 612.46 618.08554.29580.453018413 12.03 321846.20 84975 331,73586.04 593.13341.69 351.7496 853.44 856.81 859.472…     

Major Demographic and Socioeconomic Indicators of China, 1996-2002

Indicator 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Population at year-end (million) 1,223.89 1,236.26 1,247.61 1,257.86 1,267.43 1,276.27 1,284.53 Male 622.00 631.31 636.04 641.26 654.37 656.72 661.15 Female 601.89 604.95 611.57 616.60 613.06 619.55 623.38 Urban 373.04 394.49 416.08 437.48 459.06 480.64 502.12 Rural 850.85 841.77 831.53 820.38 808.37 795.63 782.41 % of urban population to total population 30.48 31.91 33.35 34.78 36.22 37.…     

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Nonmarital Childbearing in Russia: Second Demographic Transition or Pattern of Disadvantage?

Using retrospective union, birth, and education histories that span 1980–2003, this study investigates nonmarital childbearing in contemporary Russia. We employ a combination of methods to decompose fertility rates by union status and analyze the processes that lead to a nonmarital birth. We find that the increase in the percentage of nonmarital births was driven mainly by the growing proportion of women who cohabit before conception, not changing fertility behavior of cohabitors or changes in union behavior after conception. The relationship between education and nonmarital childbearing has remained stable: the least-educated women have the highest birth rates within cohabitation and as single mothers, primarily because of their lower probability of legitimating a nonmarital conception. These findings suggest that nonmarital childbearing Russia has more in common with the pattern of disadvantage in the United States than with the second demographic transition. We also find several aspects of nonmarital childbearing that neither of these perspectives anticipates.     

Demographic trends in less and least developed countries: Convergence or divergence?

Journal of Population Research - Many scholars share the assumption that demographic patterns in the world are converging over time. The present study analyses the temporal trends of specific...     

Demographic transition in sub-Saharan Africa: how big will the economic dividend be?

In mid-demographic-transition, many Asian countries enjoyed a large demographic 'dividend': extra economic growth owing to falling dependant/workforce ratios, or slower natural increase, or both. We estimate the dividend, 1985-2025, in sub-Saharan Africa and its populous countries. Dependency and natural increase peaked around 1985, 20 years after Asia. The UN projects an acceleration of the subsequent slow falls but disregards slowish declines in young-age mortality and thus, we argue, overestimates future fertility decline. Even if one accepts their projection, arithmetical and econometric evidence suggests an annual, if not total, dividend well below Asia's. The dividend arises more from falling dependency than reduced natural increase, and could be increased by accelerating the fertility decline (e.g., by reducing young-age mortality) or by employing a larger workforce productively. Any dividend from transition apart, low saving in much of Africa (unlike Asia) means that, given likely natural increase, current consumption per person is unsustainable because it depletes capital per person.     

Demographic transition in sub-Saharan Africa: How big will the economic dividend be?

In mid-demographic-transition, many Asian countries enjoyed a large demographic ‘dividend’: extra economic growth owing to falling dependant/workforce ratios, or slower natural increase, or both. We estimate the dividend, 1985–2025, in sub-Saharan Africa and its populous countries. Dependency and natural increase peaked around 1985, 20 years after Asia. The UN projects an acceleration of the subsequent slow falls but disregards slowish declines in young-age mortality and thus, we argue, overestimates future fertility decline. Even if one accepts their projection, arithmetical and econometric evidence suggests an annual, if not total, dividend well below Asia's. The dividend arises more from falling dependency than reduced natural increase, and could be increased by accelerating the fertility decline (e.g., by reducing young-age mortality) or by employing a larger workforce productively. Any dividend from transition apart, low saving in much of Africa (unlike Asia) means that, given likely natural increase, current consumption per person is unsustainable because it depletes capital per person.