高等级生物安全实验室废水风险控制及评估研究

目的开展高等级生物安全实验室（BSL）的废水风险控制以及废水的环境风险评估研究,为高等级BSL废水的环境风险控制与管理服务。方法通过检索国内外相关研究成果,系统分析了高等级BSL产生的废水种类、感染性及其处置流程,分析了可能产生环境风险事故的节点及污染传播途径,研究了病原微生物的感染性、风险严重程度、可控性、影响范围和感染人群等因素。结果制定了高等级BSL废水风险控制的方法,提出了环境风险评估分级的方法以及高等级BSL风险防范措施。结论通过本研究提出的高等级BSL废水风险控制的方法以及环境风险评估分级和管理的方法,可有效预防和处理高等级BSL废水引起的环境风险事故。     

气密性生物安全实验室应对开关门的压差控制策略研究

目的研究气密性生物安全实验室（BSL）应对开关门的压差控制策略。方法理论分析开关门对实验室风量及压差的影响,并进行对比实验研究气密性实验室分别在有无人为附加漏风两种情况下开关门对实验室压差的影响。结果提出了实验室核心工作间与缓冲间分别采用变风量（VAV）、定风量（CAV）的压差控制与人为附加漏风相结合的综合控制策略。结论该控制策略可有效应对开关门对实验室压差稳定的干扰,并保证实验室的定向流。     

美国与欧洲实验室生物安全专业／月能力要求的对比分析

目的分析和阐述当前美国与欧洲实验室生物安全专业能力要求。方法对美国疾病预防控制中心（CDC）与公共卫生实验室协会（APHL）《生物安全实验室能力指南》和欧洲标准化委员会工作组协议《生物安全专业人员能力》（CWA16335）两个关于实验室生物安全专业人员能力要求的技术规范进行对比分析。结果与结论美国和欧洲关于实验室生物安全专业能力的要求从不同角度出发,提出了从事实验室生物安全工作的人员所应具备专业能力的内容,鉴于针对从事实验室生物安全专业工作人员的定义和覆盖面不尽相同,因此两者在结构和具体内容上有一定差别。     

中法生物安全实验室标准应用体系对比分析

目的揭示中法两国生物安全实验室标准应用体系的状况。方法以中法两国的ISO／IEC生物安全实验室应用的标准体系为研究对象,收集和整理生物安全实验室相关标准信息,主要运用标准信息的文献计量方法,从标准的现行数量、分类、制定、修订、等效国际标准等方面的对比分析。结果与结论建议中国在生物安全实验室管理上应加强对医疗设备、卫生用品、洗涤设备等的灭菌消毒系列标准、实验室风险管理和持续改进方法等国际标准的等效采用。     

基于组态软件和可编程逻辑控制器的活毒废水处理自动监控系统

目的在满足活毒废水处理系统连续、安全、稳定的前提下,实现处理系统的自动监控。方法采用集工业控制计算机、通用监控系统（MCGS）组态软件、可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）于一体的自动监控技术。结果自动监控系统图形表现和数据处理能力及抗干扰能力强,实现了数据的集中管理、自动控制、故障检测等多方面功能。结论基于组态软件和PLC的活毒废水处理自动监控系统,具有可靠性高、维护简单等特点,为活毒废水处理系统运行的连续性、稳定性和安全性提供了保证。     

兽医大动物生物安全三级实验室围护结构的气密防护研究

目的分析我国标准与国际标准在大动物生物安全三级实验室（LABSL-3）围护结构严密性指标上的区别,实验测试LABSL-3围护结构的气密防护性能。方法采用幂指数空气渗透特性方程描述室内相对外环境压差与空气泄漏量的关系,比较各标准规定的兽医LABSL一3围护结构严密性指标。以中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所的1间大动物饲养室为实验对象,对围护结构进行改造并验证其严密性是否达到相关标准要求。结果与结论实验改造的大动物饲养室经测试其严密性可达到加拿大标准对大动物生物安全三级实验室围护结构严密性的要求。说明通过加强密封工艺,选用合适的气密防护设备,我国兽医LABSL-3围护结构的严密性完全能够达到国际标准要求。     

高校实验室评估指标体系研究

高校实验室评估是高校评估的重要内容,应建立实验室评估指标体系,科学地确定评估条目,确定条目权重、内涵、操作方法,科学地评估实验室,促进实验室的发展,提高高校的办学水平。     

研究与设计网络布线虚拟实验室

综合布线课程是学校楼宇专业比较重要的基础专业课程,但现实教学中存在着实训场地受限、实训设备有限、授课时间不够、实训经费不足、学生操作时有潜在的危险等问题。本文针对中职学校综合布线课程实训的特点及基本原理进行研究,利用计算机的相应功能,设计一套计算机网络虚拟实验系统。设计计算机网络虚拟实验室的目的是解决中职学校综合布线实验操作问题,因此需要了解该课程在中职学校开设的情况,并进行分析,了解需求,这样才能根据实际情况设计虚拟实验室系统,更好地服务教学。     

高校实验室建设与管理精细化研究

高校是为国家和社会培养人才的摇篮和基地,而实验室是现代高等教育的重要教学资源,直接关系到高校的办学实力,因此高校要逐步适应教育现代化的需求,重视实验室的建设。但目前我国高校实验室的建设和管理尚不够完善,本文分析了高校实验室建设较为欠缺的地方,并提出相关改进建议,以期引起高校对该问题的重视。     

高职院校单片机虚拟实验室建设方案研究

针对传统单片机课程理论教学和实践教学中存在的问题或不足,提出了基于Proteus和Keil联合仿真的单片机虚拟实验室建设方案。具体方法是在Proteus软件中设计硬件电路,在Keil软件中开发软件程序,两者结合实现联合仿真调试。该方案有利于减少实验室建设经费,有利于推进教学改革和提升教学效率,有利于提高学生的学习兴趣和创新能力。     

Using Family-Oriented Treatment to Improve Placement Outcomes for Children and Youth in Residential Treatment

Abstract

Traditionally, caregivers of children with severe emotional and behavioral disturbances have been excluded from treatment planning, and service providers have often blamed caregivers for children's mental health problems. More recently, an approach to treatment based on Systems of Care has emphasized the importance of including caregivers in every aspect of treatment. This article describes a family-oriented residential treatment program in eastern North Carolina and reports initial results of a pilot study in which caregiver participation is valued and emphasized. Implications for practice, policy, and professional training are discussed.     

The Role of Social Workers in the Treatment of Addictions

Abstract

This article describes the history of social workers' involvement in the treatment of addictions in the United States. Beginning with Mary Richmond, the “mother of social casework,” social workers have played an increasingly important role in the treatment of individuals with alcohol and other drug problems and of their family members. Today, social workers are important players not only in program development, administration, and treatment of chemical addictions, but also in “process” addictions, such as eating disorders and gambling. Moreover, social workers are increasingly involved in addictions research and policy arenas.     

Giving Clients a Backstage Experience: A Case of Dramaturgical Trouble in the Professional Performance of Drug Treatment

Professionals who provide drug treatment to young people seek to approach clients as agents of change, i.e., highlight clients' agency and ownership of treatment plans. On the basis of ethnographic data from two treatment institutions in Denmark, this article investigates how everyday interaction organizes clients' experiences in ways that alternately support and contradict this professional ambition. Notably, findings indicate that talk and material arrangements “backstage” make professionals, not clients, appear as the real agents of change. Clients are increasingly encouraged to participate in meetings “backstage,” where treatment is organized, but, contrary to intentions, clients may experience participation as debasing rather than empowering.     

Integrating Pharmacotherapy and Psychosocial Interventions in the Treatment of Individuals with Alcohol Problems

Abstract

Both research and clinical experiences suggest that there are separate and overlapping benefits of medications and psychosocial treatments for alcohol problems. Evidence has shown that medication(s) combined with a moderate intensity psychosocial therapy can produce outcomes beyond what each of these approaches can produce alone. Taking medication can be helpful in facilitating longer periods of abstinence that in turn affords practitioners a greater opportunity to enhance patients' individual and social coping resources and to increase their motivation to change. Combining effective pharmacological and psychosocial interventions may provide the impetus to integrate alcoholism treatment into the general health care delivery system, thereby helping to increase the accessibility of care and well-being for individuals seeking or needing help with alcohol problems.     

Addiction Treatment with Deaf and Hard of Hearing People: An Application of the CENAPS Model

ABSTRACT

Alcohol and drug addiction is a significant problem among deaf and hard of hearing people. Looking through a Deaf culture lens, treatment for alcohol and drug addiction is key for providing care for deaf and hard of hearing clients. Using the CENAPS model, an applied cognitive-behavioral therapy program is recommended for addiction treatment. The CENAPS model provides clinicians with tools for stabilizing deaf and hard of hearing clients, supporting their transition to early recovery. Educating the client about the stages of relapse and the stages of recovery, clinicians using this model can better treat and prepare deaf and hard of hearing clients for long-term recovery.     

Addressing Emotional Communication in Family Relationships in the Treatment of Young People with Anorexia: A Case Study

Family‐based treatment (FBT) is an evidence‐based approach to anorexia nervosa in young people. Because it is not always successful, attention has been given to how families experience the treatment. A number of therapists have proposed possible additions to, or improvements in, the model. In successful cases relational containment may be achieved in the first phase of treatment. The treatment is often successful, but when initial goals, such as weight recovery, are not achieved, continuing to use the techniques described in the manual may become unhelpful. Sometimes therapists may need to address issues such as emotion coaching that are not specifically addressed in the FBT model. We describe a case in which the therapist addressed the family's emotional style in the first stage of treatment. This focus enabled progress to be achieved despite the adolescent's continuing difficulty in eating without parental support, and her escalating symptoms of anxiety and obsessional compulsive disorder (OCD). Therapy helped the adolescent and family understand that anorexic and OCD symptoms can be understood as a way of distracting from and managing distress. When this connection was made in therapy, the parents could help their daughter to manage distress in more adaptive ways. Parents may need help with their own difficulties in processing distress. In this case the parents needed the opportunity to resolve feelings of grief about a miscarriage in order to do so. We propose that therapy should address family difficulties with managing distress from an early stage.     

Direct Threat Issues in the Employment of Persons with Disabilities

Abstract

In the decade since initial implementation of the Americans with Disabilities Act in the United States, many questions have arisen pertaining to the rights of employers and employees in light of the employment of and services that must be provided to persons with disabilities. One of the most controversial aspects of the legislation is the issue of direct threat. This relates to the concern that workers or clients with disabilities may be a threat to others due to their condition. Integral to this fear is the employer's ability to protect persons within the work environment from such a threat, while remaining in compliance with the ADA. This paper considers the issue of direct threat and its pertinence to the social work profession, and provides recommendations for employers and supervisors in the field.     

Greater involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS in South Africa

This study reports on a pilot project, the greater involvement of people living with HIV/AIDS Workplace Model, which places trained fieldworkers living openly with HIV/AIDS in selected partner organisations sectors, where they set up, review or enrich workplace policies and programmes. The project adds credibility to partners' HIV/AIDS programmes and creates a supportive environment for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and others to speak about HIV/AIDS. Eleven men and women living with HIV, aged between 30 and 45, and with varied life experiences and education levels, shared a willingness to speak about their HIV status in their workplace. They worked in very different environments but their collective experiences showed that PLWHA can add value to workplace HIV/AIDS programmes in a way that is relevant, effective, efficient, sustainable and ethical. They made companies and communities more aware of the intense need for HIV/AIDS policies and encouraged care and support for infected and affected people.     

Challenges in Counter‐disaster Measures for People with Functional Needs in Times of Disaster Following the Great East Japan Earthquake

This article describes the three major challenges that were identified and their possible solutions are proposed in counter‐disaster measures for “people with functional needs in times of disaster (PFND)” following the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. First, recent developments in preparedness measures for PFND in Japan have been uncritically relying on the assumption that hazard maps represent “correct” estimates of future hazardous events, which are based on the maximum probable event (MP_rE) framework. In reality, however, a maximum possible event (MP_oE) has occurred in the Tōhoku regions. This has tremendous implications for fundamentally re‐thinking the entire hazard estimation process from a MP_rE to MP_oE framework. Second, counter‐disaster measures for PFND have focused mainly on warning and neighborhood‐based evacuation assistance activities. Needs for shelters and temporary housing units that were specially designated for PFND arose following the earthquake. However, their provisions were neither systematic nor universal due to the lack of pre‐planning. More detailed guidelines for specially designated shelter and temporary housing operations need to be developed in order to address this issue. Third, people with disabilities (PWD) became invisible in shelters and communities or in the eyes of local government administrators. This was due to the fact that a majority of PWD did not ask for help in evacuation shelters because they felt general shelters were not “barrier free” and were unresponsive to their functional needs. Furthermore, many local government administrators felt hesitant to release their PFND registry to non‐governmental and self‐help organizations that were eager to check the whereabouts and current situations of PWD. This was due to the fear of breaking the Personal Information Protection Bylaw despite the fact that the bylaw provided exceptional conditions, where the onset of disaster was clearly one of these exceptional conditions. Further elaboration and education on the use of personal information of PFND during a disaster period is needed among public and local government administrators.