Region,Race, and Support for the South Carolina Confederate Flag*

Objective. Existing research suggests that conservative racial attitudes are one of the strongest factors explaining support for the Confederate flag, but this conclusion has been reached by examining the attitudes of only white southerners. We provide a more complete understanding of this issue, focusing on both white and black opinion from across the country. Methods. We use a rolling cross‐sectional survey with a large sample size to model support for the South Carolina Confederate flag nationally and then among two groups: southerners and nonsoutherners. Results. Although racial attitudes are important among both southerners and nonsoutherners, region and race also influence support for the Confederate flag. Southern whites have the greatest support for the flag followed by nonsouthern whites, nonsouthern blacks, and southern blacks. Conclusions. Support for the Confederate flag is not simply about racial attitudes, but a more complex phenomenon where region and race exert important influences.     

魏晋南朝时期的堰埭建设

堰埭建设在水利建设史上被长期忽视。其肇始于先秦,发展于魏晋南朝,在农业水利和军事防御两个方面均体现出独特的功能。一般而言,堰多用于农田灌溉、排洪抗涝、军事斗争等方面;埭则兼用于内河水道航运方面,形成此期重要的人工水道,并因此成为政府埭税的重要依托。堰埭建设对古代政治、经济及社会发展产生了深刻的、综合性的影响。     

魏晋南北朝皇帝元服礼简论

皇帝举行元服礼的年龄和政治时机是皇帝政治地位变化的重大转折性事件之一,是皇帝亲政的重要时间标志。魏晋南北朝时期皇帝加元服共计19人次,举行元服礼的年龄或早或晚,并不一致,从11岁至20岁不等;各朝礼家所定的年龄也不统一。其原因主要在于皇帝参政时机是一个高度敏感的政治话题：一方面,元服礼后皇帝开始亲政,其法赋权力产生变化;另一方面,当幼主在位、皇太后临朝时,太后何时＂归政于王＂是关涉皇权最高权力移交的头等大事。     

Perceived Characteristics of Innovative Nonprofit and Government Organizations in South Korea,China, and Argentina

This article describes the characteristics of innovative organizations as perceived by employees of nonprofit and government organizations in three quite different countries, South Korea, China, and Argentina. A total of 44 employees participated in the studies (13 from South Korea; 16 from China; and 13 from Argentina). At the first stage of the study they were asked to free list characteristics of innovative organizations. At the second stage of the study, country‐specific measures containing characteristics of innovative organizations were created, and participants were asked to rate each characteristic on a Likert scale (1 = not characteristic at all of an innovative organization; 5 = extremely characteristic of an innovative organization). This task produced ratings of perceived characteristics of innovative organizations for each country. Cultural consensus analysis widely used in the field of cognitive anthropology was employed next to assess the degree of agreement among the participants on what consistutes an innovative organization. Among the common perceived characteristics of innovative organizations were participation in decision making, teamwork, responsiveness to emerging client and societal needs, adaptability, employee support and value, and accepting failure. While the characteristics produced through the free listing technique showed a lot of similarities, the importance of those characteristics was rated quite differently across the three samples.     

School travel,partnerships, and neo-liberalism: insights from a South Island primary school

New Zealand schools may implement school traffic safety programmes such as assisted road crossings. Within New Zealand’s neo-liberal educational framework, these initiatives require collaboration between the school and associated agencies such as city councils and parents. In this research we examined the experiences of school representatives in creating such a road crossing. A qualitative research approach was used. Semi-structured interviews were held with key members of the school community. Email correspondence, document analysis, and the researcher’s reflexive diary were also data sources. The data were analysed via a general inductive approach to identify categories and themes from the data. After 18 months of pursuing the assisted road crossing, the school was unable to proceed with it. We found that a combination of competing priorities, unclear partnership processes, and lack of parent involvement was exacerbated by the neo-liberal environment. Ideas for future research are presented.     

韩国社会企业发展现状、评价及其经验借鉴

社会企业作为推动社会创新的重要力量,被国际社会广泛关注.韩国是亚洲唯一一个以法律形式支持社会企业发展的国家,2007年制定的《社会企业育成法》极大地促进了韩国社会企业的建成.韩国在法律制定、财政扶持、运营支持、各级政府联合支持等维度对社会企业的帮扶政策,可为中国社会企业的可持续发展提供启示.     

日、韩、印人口结构变动趋势及给中国的启示

中国人口年龄结构的变动所带来的社会经济后果正在受到关注.日本、韩国、印度也经历了相似的人口年龄结构变动过程.日本、韩国正被劳动年龄人口减少、人口老龄化,甚至人口负增长所困扰,鼓励生育的政策措施效果不佳;而印度则不得不应对人口过多所带来的资源、环境压力.中国正面临劳动力供求关系的改变,劳动力成本上升,人口老龄化进程加速,社会保障体系受到严重挑战.依据日本、韩国、印度的人口政策经验,我国应尽快启动人口政策调整机制,把握时机,为人口问题未雨绸缪.     

韩国对南海争端的认知、立场与影响

韩国虽非南海争端的当事国,但由于南海局势事关其海上生命线的通畅,且中韩之间亦存在海洋划界的争议,因此韩国长期对南海争端保持高度的关注。纵览韩国政府、学界、媒体三方的认知,韩国对南海争端整体上持中立但不支持中国的态度。韩国的这一立场,不仅是为了维护其政治、经济和安全利益,也有着借此增强本国在中韩海洋划界问题上筹码的考量。因此,充分认识到韩国立场对南海争端乃至于中韩海洋划界问题的影响,防止南海争端和中韩海洋争议的纠缠与并发,应是中国未来周边外交工作的重点之一。     

Employment status,material hardship,and mental health among low-income working-age adults in South Korea

The current study examines the associations between employment status and mental health and the mediating role of material hardship among low-income households in South Korea. This study uses regression models with a rich set of control variables and lagged dependent variable models with a nationally representative sample of 1113 low-income working-age household heads from the Korean Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS). We find that the nonstandard employment and unemployment statuses are associated with a higher level of depression and a lower level of self-esteem, when compared to a standard employment status. These negative associations are partially mediated by an increased material hardship risk. Policy implications to improve employment conditions and mitigate material hardship are discussed.     

Mending Nets in the South: Anti-poverty Policies in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain

The marginal role of social assistance and the absence of minimum income programmes have long been thought to constitute defining characteristics of the southern European model of welfare. Nevertheless, over the 1990s significant innovations in this field have taken place. The paper aims to contribute to the analysis of recent developments by critically examining the experience of anti‐poverty policies in Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain. It is argued that the “patchiness” of safety nets in southern Europe is due to a unique set of constraints, the most relevant of which are the role of families and the “softness” of state institutions. A review of national profiles reveals that new policies introduced in all four countries mark progress towards redressing some of the historical imbalances of that welfare model. In particular, fully fledged minimum income schemes now operate in Portugal and in certain Spanish regions, while an experiment involving a number of Italian municipalities is still in progress. In spite of this, the paper concludes that social safety nets in southern Europe remain frail in terms of institutional design as well as political support and legitimacy.