What is Useful for the Country is Profitable for Everyone

The question of enhancing the importance and role of profit in the material incentives of the working people has been ripe for some time. At the 22nd Party Congress N, S. Khrushchev said: "We must increase the significance of profit and profitability. In the interests of better fulfillment of plans, the enterprise must be given greater opportunity to dispose of its profit, to use it more extensively to encourage better work by its personnel, and to expand production."     

社会学能为中国社会平等做些什么?

“我们正处于两个世界之间 ,处于一个即将结束的不平等的世界和一个正在开始的平等的世界之间。”（Ｐ·勒鲁 ,１９８８:１１）这个论断出自１８３８年出版的皮埃尔·勒鲁的《论平等》一书。不过 ,这个“转型”过程不免长了一些。不平等现象处处可见而平等依然是人类所努力的目标。在中国 ,两极分化现象尚未完全消除 ,而共同富裕还仍然是一种长远的、艰难的目标。那么社会学能为中国社会的平等做些什么？本文旨在讨论这一方面的问题。平等与社会主义的理想虽然在古希腊及中国古代都曾有思想家提出过“理想国”、“大同社会”的思想 ,但是 ,…     

What are axiomatizations good for?

Theory and Decision - Do axiomatic derivations advance positive economics? If economists are interested in predicting how people behave, without a pretense to change individual decision making, how...     

为了东亚的文化复兴我们该做些什么

一、对东亚在21世纪的前景如何估计 在20世纪我们东北亚各国取得了举世瞩目的成就。日本成了世界经济中举足轻重的发达国家，韩国和中国在赢得国家独立后也先后在经济上得到飞速发展。这些变化加上东南亚的发展，便引起了种种猜测估计，……     

Individually-Tailored Support for Ethnically-Diverse Caregivers: Enhancing Our Understanding of What Is Needed and What Works

Family caregivers play a crucial role in maintaining older adults in the community, often at great cost to themselves. We discuss a program serving ethnically-diverse caregivers in New York, offering, on average, 11 case-management hr per client. Participants reported statistically significantly reduced stress and burden. Respite was the most requested service, belying an assumption underlying policies and services that families, particularly among minority populations, can and will care for their older members. Thus, services must be carefully tailored to meet actual caregiver needs, including provision of alternatives that reduce caregiver involvement. We discuss practice and policy implications.     

李光耀给新加坡留下了什么

新加坡前总理李光耀3月23日病逝。作为新加坡开国之父,他为新加坡的社会发展和经济繁荣作出了重要贡献。今年是新加坡建国50周年。在这50年里,李光耀长期执政新加坡。在他执政期间,新加坡创造了在一代人时间里变身发达国家的奇迹,从1960年人均国内生产总值仅400多美元,到1991年超过1.4万美元,再到2013年的5.5万美元,不断跨越发展,全球竞争力名列前     

What kind of Community measures for 1993?

During the ISSA General Assembly in Vienna in September 1989, a number of members from European Community countries expressed the wish that the ISSA should, as part of its programme, look into the social security consequences of the institution of the Single European Market after 1992. The ISSA General Secretariat consequently decided to carry out a survey of its member organizations in Community countries in order to draw up a directory of the studies carried out by these institutions, the aim being to identify problems related to the constitution of the so-called European social area, particularly the free movement of persons and goods, and review the measures that had been or were being implemented and the experience of institutions at the Community level. As a rule, in the countries in question, the heads of social security organizations are excluded from the bodies in which recommendations and rules are drawn up; on the other hand, the implementation and management of social security schemes do form part of their field of competence.
Some 40 member organizations replied to the survey questionnaire, and the ISSA General Secretariat requested Mr. Voirin, a specialist on European questions, to write the present article analysing the results.     

What accounts for China''s trade balance dynamics?

This paper proposes a structural VAR model which extends the frameworks of Hoffmaister and Roldós [Hoffmaister, A. W., & Roldós, J. E. (2001). The sources of macroeconomic fluctuations in developing countries: Brazil and Korea. Journal of Macroeconomics, 23, 213–239] and Prasad [Prasad, E. S. (1999). International trade and the business cycle. Economic Journal, 109, 588–606]. The model is then used to analyse the sources of China's trade balance fluctuations in the period of 1985–2000. Efforts are made to distinguish the forces which underlie the long-run trend in trade balance from those with transitory impacts. The effects of four types of shock are examined—the foreign supply shock, the domestic supply shock, the relative demand shock and the nominal shock. Among other findings, two emerge as important. First, the movements in China's trade balance are largely the result of real shocks. Second, the Renminbi is undervalued, yet changes in the exchange rate bear little on the trade balance. Therefore, monetary measures would not suffice to redress China's trade ‘imbalance’.     

Practicing What We Preach: Creating Groups for Ourselves

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the professional isolation faced by social group work practitioners and educators. It identifies the need for peer support and connection in an environment of limited opportunities for professional development. The paper describes and assesses long-term peer support groups initiated and developed by each of the authors, one for group work educators and the other for practitioners. It discusses the potential for expanding the development of such groups, which could benefit individual group workers as well as strengthen efforts to ensure the survival of group work.     

What Makes for Successful Groupwork? A Survey of Agencies in the UK

Summary This paper reports the findings of a survey of Social ServicesDepartments, Probation Services and the major voluntary agenciesin the UK. The survey aimed to shed light on the factors whichpromote successful groups in social work and probation agencies.The survey did not attempt to map the extent of current groupwork.A questionnaire was piloted in a Social Services Departmentin northern England with social work and social care practitionersparticipating in ‘The Groupwork Project’, a trainingand development programme which continues to have as its aimthe establishment of a groupwork service in a mainstream socialservices agency. The survey was designed to be illuminativeand exploratory rather than conclusive. In this paper, the authorsreflect on the research process and on the findings of the survey.These findings point to the complexity of factors consideredsignificant to the success of a group, and to the importanceof contextual factors in establishing and sustaining a groupworkservice.     

是什么因素创造了长期经济增长的根本动力

经济增长来源于劳动积累、资本积累和技术进步 ,而技术进步归根结蒂也来源于劳动积累和资本积累 ,因此 ,经济增长的源泉是劳动积累和资本积累。更进一步地 ,资本积累本质上也是劳动积累的结果 ,是劳动积累在特殊生产方式、特殊生产形式上的具体体现。这样 ,我们就将经济增长过程还原为劳动创造价值的过程 ,并分析它在具体生产关系中的具体表现。资本积累从劳动积累中分化出来 ,从而实现资本主义再生产过程 ,是特殊历史阶段的产物 ;而从劳动积累到资本积累、再到更高形式上的劳动积累 ,则是实现长期经济持续增长的必然要求     

What is Real and What is Realism in Sociology?

In the physical sciences a realist ontology rests on our ability to demonstrate the actual and real nature of material entities. Realist metaphysics of social entities, most influentially Bhaskar's critical realism, attempt to provide a related philosophical foundation for the social sciences. This paper examines the central issue of what is real about society it concludes that social relations and the organisations they constitute do exist and discusses the conditions of their demonstration. Realist interpretations of Bourdieu's theories are given particular attention in an argument that accepts the necessity of social realism but remains cautious about the development of methodologies able to provide effective demonstration.     

What is the Future of Futurology?

After seeking explanations for the recent growth of futurology, this paper outlines some of the major issues which need to be resolved in answering the question ‘Can the sociologist predict the future?’ Then various pitfalls confronting the futurologist are examined. Directions are suggested for further developments in this field.