自然人破产制度、个人信用体系与和谐社会的构建

经济和社会的发展离不开信用,建立自然人破产制度是完善市场经济体制的必然选择,是构建和谐社会的基础。自然人破产制度是市场主体地位平等的体现,是建立个人信用的要求;自然人破产制度能够平衡和保障债权人、债务人的利益,维护个人信用体系,有利于维护市场经济秩序;自然人破产制度是发展个人信用的需要,是个人信用体系运行的保障,是国际规则接轨的必然要求;设立自然人破产制度、完善个人信用体系是创建和谐社会的重要保障。     

动物福利立法与和谐社会建设

动物保护和福利法律制度是西方现代国家自然保护制度体系中的一项制度,对于动物福利的保护,中国在迈向现代化的过程中有必要学习其他国家的经验,并根据本国的实际经济发展状况进行相应的立法。在我国,对动物福利的立法尚处于缺失的状态,近年来由于在这方面无法可依、管理或者是惩罚力度不够,对国人食用野生动物的陋习得不到遏制的现实,都直接危及到公共安全,引发SARS和禽流感,从而造成社会动荡和难以估量的经济损失,这说明动物保护和动物福利法并不是可有可无的,对动物福利法律的适当程度的构建,也反照出人类精神文明的提升,建设和谐社会过程中需要对此问题加以相应的关注。     

收入差距的负面影响及预警体系构建

中国在统计上已经成为一个收入差距非常大的国家.实证研究发现,过大的收入差距不利于减少城乡贫困、增加社会流动、促进经济增长、提高健康水平、增进公共信任和保护环境资源.因此,构建收入差距预警体系,并在此基础上对收入差距进行调控,对于中国经济的持续稳定发展以及和谐社会的建设无疑有着重大的意义.当前可以从基础指标的选择、警戒线的设定和预警信号的设计三个方面出发,构建一个收入差距的预警体系,并结合上海市的数据对该体系进行尝试性的应用.     

浅谈构建和谐社会

文章阐述了构建和谐社会中应做好的几项工作。     

构建制度性基础设施、和谐社会与共同富裕

构建制度性基础设施,实际上就是构建一个覆盖全社会,在人们遭遇生活困境时,能够免于绝望的社会安全网,奠定实现共同富裕的基本平台。这个安全网的构建是保护社会弱势群体并尽可能地使城乡居民免于贫困的基本保障。构建社会保障、医疗保险和公共教育这一制度性基础设施,不仅具有潜在的清正廉明、社会稳定的政治意义,也具有刺激经济增长和可持续发展的经济作用。     

危机突发事件的社会心理预警研究

本文根据SARS突发事件带来的问题 ,从社会稳定和经济发展的长远需要的角度 ,分析了我国危机突发事件社会心理预警系统建立的必要性和可行性 ,并介绍了在此次SARS危机事件中有关社会心理预警系统研究的初步进展及其在有关部门决策和舆论指导方面的初步成效。而且 ,还对SARS事件之后开展社会心理预警系统研究提出了建议 ,特别提出 ,把社会心理预警研究系统纳入国家预防检测系统的范畴 ,并呼吁多学科的学者参与和政府的组织支持     

人的教化、发展与和谐社会的构建

中国共产党十六届四中全会正式提出了＂构建社会主义和谐社会＂的要求。人的本质与社会的辩证关系决定了人的发展与社会发展的紧密联系。在具体的历史条件下,我们要抓好人的＂教＂与＂化＂,促进人的全面发展,把人的发展与和谐社会的构建紧密联系起来,相互促进,共同发展,最终实现人的自由而全面发展与社会和谐的文明理想与追求。     

构建和谐社会的心理学解读

和谐社会的基本内涵就在于社会关系的和谐.人在本质上是社会关系的总和;社会关系和谐,从根本上讲还是要研究人的问题.人类任何活动,都要受到动机的支配与调节.作为人类实践产物的社会关系,同样也受到人类动机的支配与调节.以人类动机为关键环节的心理研究,在分析社会关系状况、促进社会关系和谐方面,无疑发挥着重要作用:从人自身或者说主体内因入手,协调社会关系,对于推动和谐社会构建,同样具有可观的功效.     

构建社会主义和谐社会建设新农村

新世纪新阶段,我国进入改革发展的关键时期。这一时期是社会问题多发期、社会结构最不稳定期,使社会运行不顺畅。城乡协调发展,是和谐社会的重要标志。城乡协调发展,就是要加大农村发展的力度,缩小乡村与城市的差距。实现现代化,必须保证占人口大多数的农民参与发展进程、共享发展成果。构建社会主义和谐社会才能加快建设新农村。     

发展社会工作构建和谐社会

社会工作作为一门以“助人自助”为核心理念,从推进社会进步、捍卫社会公义为目标的专业学科,在构建社会主义和谐社会的过程中以其独有的价值观、工作手法、实施技巧起着不可替代的作用。     

Towards a Scientific Social Work

This paper critically examines efforts to make social work a more scientifically based profession. Although social workers have long sought to make their profession scientific, consensus on the nature of such a science has been difficult to achieve. An argument is presented for a relatively "open" model of science for social work. Support for this position is based on the lack of clarity regarding a definition of science, shortcomings of traditional approaches, and an examination of alternative perspectives.     

Intersubjectivity: Towards a Dialogical Analysis

Intersubjectivity refers to the variety of possible relations between perspectives. It is indispensable for understanding human social behaviour. While theoretical work on intersubjectivity is relatively sophisticated, methodological approaches to studying intersubjectivity lag behind. Most methodologies assume that individuals are the unit of analysis. In order to research intersubjectivity, however, methodologies are needed that take relationships as the unit of analysis. The first aim of this article is to review existing methodologies for studying intersubjectivity. Four methodological approaches are reviewed: comparative self-report, observing behaviour, analysing talk and ethnographic engagement. The second aim of the article is to introduce and contribute to the development of a dialogical method of analysis. The dialogical approach enables the study of intersubjectivity at different levels, as both implicit and explicit, and both within and between individuals and groups. The article concludes with suggestions for using the proposed method for researching intersubjectivity both within individuals and between individuals and groups.     

The psychology of AMBER Alert: Unresolved issues and implications

The AMBER alert system is likely affected by a number of psychological processes, yet remains understudied. The system assumes people will remember Alert information accurately and notify police, but psychological research on related phenomena (e.g., memory, willingness to help) indicates that people may not be able or willing to act in ways the promote the success of the system. In addition, the system is intended to deter child abductions, however, the system could prompt copycat crimes from perpetrators seeking publicity. The system could also cause a precipitation effect in which a perpetrator who sees the Alert could decide to murder the child immediately to avoid capture. Policy recommendations are made based on psychological research and theory, although more research is needed to develop the most effective system possible.     

The Mentally Retarded: Towards a National Programme

It is only recently that there has been national consideration of the problems and needs of the mentally retarded. Voluntary, state and federal programmes are gradually being more effectively coordinated but a good deal remains to be done. The measures that could be taken to further this process include: the establishment of a national institute on mental retardation; a select committee of the parliament to examine problems of the mentally retarded; a standing interdepartmental committee with more precise terms of reference concerning mental retardation; and action to assist in employment for the mentally retarded with the commonwealth.     

Measuring Constructed Preferences: Towards a Building Code

A “building code” for preference measurement is needed in a world in which many expressions of preference are constructed when people are asked a valuation question. Construction of preferences means that preference measurement is best viewed as architecture (building a set of values) rather than as archaeology (uncovering existing values). We describe potential faults in the process of preference construction, offer guidelines for measuring constructed preferences (a “building code”) to mitigate these faults, and discuss how the code must be sensitive to the purpose of the valuation (design vs. prediction).     

Complementary retirement pensions: Towards a definition of terms

One of the main difficulties in carrying out an international comparison of retirement systems is the task of establishing clear common terminology. Like other social institutions, welfare systems differ from country to country; confusion can arise when a given word is applied to different institutional structures because such usage can mask important differences. On the basis of a comparison of complementary pension plans in the United States, Ireland, the United Kingdom, France and Germany, this paper discusses and clarifies the meanings of some key terms. The distinction between "private" and "public" retirement plans, commonly used by Americans, can be erroneously applied to other systems, particularly that of France, where complementary retirement plans resemble American "private" plans in some respects and "public" plans in others. The terms "occupational" and "supplementary", often used in Europe, can be used interchangeably; however, each one stresses different aspects of complementary plans. The terms "funding" and "pay-as-you-go" and their equivalents in French (répartition and capitalisation) have somewhat different meanings and quite different connotations. Finally, the author discusses the concept of "social insurance", as applied to both social security and complementary pension plans, to end with some reflections on the definition of what constitutes a retirement plan.