The Experiences of DSWs and Ph.D.s.

To ascertain the similarities and differences between the two social work degrees, the DSW and the Ph.D., a national survey of social work graduates was conducted that examined their academic and employment experiences. The findings show that Ph.D. graduates were more oriented toward research, while DSW graduates were more disposed toward practice. There were more similarities than differences between the groups, however, and neither was at a disadvantage because of their degree.     

Seclusion. The nursing challenge.

The research to date shows that there is not much data to guide nursing decisions about the use of seclusion. The justification for its use is not always as clear as one might hope. Although many patients are secluded for violence against themselves or others, there are others who have not been violent who are secluded. There may be justification for secluding violent patients, but, as indicated earlier, it may reinforce the behavior it is designed to stop. There probably is no justification for secluding patients who make loud noises, refuse to take medication, or refuse to participate in activities. In addition, it is disconcerting that a large percentage of patients are secluded for "escalating agitation," that is, they have not acted violently against themselves or others. What is problematic is that staff are undoubtedly predicting violent behaviors in these patients--predictions that might be erroneous. Thus, there is ample room for injustice to occur. The potential for injustice is even greater if certain patients are singled out for seclusion or if patients are secluded longer than they or the staff think that they need to be, as is indicated in some of the studies to date. Moreover, if unit variables are associated with seclusion activity, this too, may be indicative of decision making at certain times of the day or by certain staff members that may not be in the best interest of the patient. What seems fairly clear is that secluding a patient is a distressing event for staff and is viewed extremely negatively by some patients and as a reward by others.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The sociology of U.S. gun culture

Despite the fact that a robust culture centered on the legal ownership and use of guns by law‐abiding gun owners exists in the United States, there is no sociology of U.S. gun culture. Rather, the social scientific study of guns is dominated by criminological and epidemiological studies of gun violence. As a corrective to this oversight, I outline what a sociology of U.S. gun culture should look like. In the first section, I give a brief history of U.S. gun culture from the founding era through the 1960s. Guns began as tools of necessity in the colonies and on the frontier, but evolved into equipment for sport hunting and shooting, as well as desired commodities for collecting. The second section examines these recreational pursuits which formed the core of U.S. gun culture for most of the 20th century. Although recreation remains an important segment, the central emphasis of U.S. gun culture has gradually shifted to armed self‐defense over the course of the past half‐century. The third section examines the rise of this culture of armed citizenship, what I call “Gun Culture 2.0,” the current iteration of the country's historic gun culture. I conclude by suggesting important avenues for future research.     

The E.S.S.E. Group Model

Social work practitioners today are having to deal with ever-increasing numbers of families falling into the at risk category. At the same time, the issues and problems facing these family units are often overwhelming and challenging to resolve. The E.S.S.E. Group Model, outlined in this article, is a new research based approach that was designed to address the most relevant concerns facing families today. It is a unique program that combines family life education within a support group framework. Initially, the model was developed for several school districts in the midwest. Counseling personnel had identified a need for a parent training program that would elicit higher levels of participation. The E.S.S.E. Model accomplishes that goal through its structured yet individualized curriculum along with its parallel and conjoint group set-up. The specific content and process guidelines of this new approach make it easy for clinicians to duplicate in a wide variety of settings. One of the model's curriculums is outlined in detail in this article. Readers will find that the E.S.S.E. program serves as an excellent example of the type of group intervention needed today to help revitalize at-risk families.     

吉隆坡轻轨交通——B.O.O.的实践

介绍了马来西亚首都吉隆坡的第一条轻轨交通线所采取的“建设—拥有—营运”(即B.O.O.)的模式;它的规划依据,筹资手段及获得的政府支持。     

The Sociological Insight of W.E.B. Du Bois

W.E.B. Du Bois discussed key aspects of the new field of sociology in his early writings. This article presents Du Bois’ conception of the developing field and his sociological perspective based on nine of his key original sociological writings. Rather than generating theoretical formulations and studying abstract concepts, Du Bois insisted that sociology be an empirical science adhering to the methods utilized by the physical sciences. Sociology's major objectives are to study the “deeds of men” and to provide a science of human action. Sociological research seeks the discovery of “truth” which can form the basis of social policy. Noting that the regularity of human behavior is evidence of laws and acknowledging that human behavior is also subject to chance factors, sociology must seek to determine the limits of each. Du Bois’ research methods, based on methodological triangulation, were formulated to provide the “truths” which he eagerly sought. Du Bois was convinced that these truths were worth knowing and that sociology had the promise of becoming one of the “greatest sciences.” Attention directed toward Du Bois’ key sociological writings within sociology curricula will introduce current and future readers to the groundbreaking sociological work of the pioneer sociologist.     

The transplant odyssey.

A research nurse in the University of Pittsburgh liver transplant service shares experiences that have fueled her own doubts about transplantation.     

Vitebsk. The Life of Art

Deych, Genrich M., Putevoditel. Arkhivnye dokumenty po istorii evreev v Rossii v XlX‐nachale XXw. (A Research Guide to Materials on the History of Russian Jewry (Nineteenth and Early 20th Centuries) in Selected Archives of the Former Soviet Union.? Edited and introduced by Benjamin Nathans. (Moscow: Blagovest n.d., xii +149pp.)

Elyashevich, Dmitry A., compiler, Dokumentalnye materialy po istorii evreevv arkhivakh SNG i stran Baltii (Documentary Sources on Jewish History in the Archives of the CIS and the Baltic Countries) (St Petersburg: Acropolis 1994,134pp.)

Elyashevich, Dmitry A. and Kelner, Viktor, compilers, Literatura o evreyakh na russkom yazyke, 1890–1947: knigi, broshyury, ottiski statey, organy periodicheskoy pechati. Bibliografichesky ukazatel (Russian‐Language Literature on the Jews, 1890–1947: Books, Brochures, Reprints of Articles, Periodical Editions. Bibliographical Index) (St Petersburg: Humane Agency Academic Project 1995, 679pp.)

Freeze, Gregory L. and Mironenko, Sergey V. (eds.), Putevoditel. Tom I. Fondy Gosudarstvennogo arkhiva Rossiyskoy Federatsii po istorii Rossii XlX‐nachala XXw. (Research Guide. Volume I. Collections of the State Archive of the Russian Federation on the History of Russia in the Nineteenth and Early‐Twentieth Centuries) (Moscow: Blagovest 1994, xviii+394pp.)

Sallis, Dorit and Web, Marek (eds.), Jewish Documentary Sources in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus: A Preliminary List (New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America 1996, vii+164pp.)

Seriya ‘Evreysky arkhiv’. Obshchestvo ‘Evreyskoe nasledie’ (Jewish Archive Series, Jewish Legacy Society) (Moscow 1994)

Sobolev, V. S., editor and Anferteva, A. N., compiler. Gebraistika i istoriya evreyskoy kultury v Rossii. Tematichesky ukazatel dokumentov po fondam Sankt‐Peterburgskogo Arkhiva Rossiyskoy Akademii nauk (Hebraistics and the History of Jewish Culture in Russia. A Thematic Guide to Documents in the Collections of the St Petersburg Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences). 2 volumes. (St Petersburg 1994–5, 42pp.+30pp.)     

The Grassroots Reconfiguration of U.S. Immigration Policy

Despite the increasing constriction of immigrants' rights at the federal level, local responses have been much more varied, countering, compensating for, even transforming policies originating from the national core. This article attributes this divergence in part to the multi‐layered, ambiguous, and contradictory structure of the U.S. nation‐state in the context of a transnational economy and society. It shows how three facets of state structural complexity‐its multiple levels, diverse administrative branches, and decentralized agencies‐have created openings for local actors, deploying normative arguments as to the issues at stake, to reshape the outcomes of U.S. immigration policy on the ground.     

The publishing of recent economics Ph.D. recipients

We present publication data for recent graduates of 50 economics Ph.D. programs. The data show that publishing output is highly concentrated among graduates of the top programs; the top three programs, for example, generate more than 25% of aggregate publishing output in our sample. We use the data to construct a set of program rankings based on both per capita and aggregate graduate publication and a comparison of faculty performance to graduate performance. The graduate/faculty comparison reveals that programs may be identical in the output of their faculties but starkly different in the output of their graduates.     

The Selectionist Meaning of C. S. Peirce and B. F. Skinner

The Analysis of Verbal Behavior - The selectionist meaning of C. S. Peirce and B. F Skinner, which has an empirical existence, is advanced against essentialist meaning, which does not. Against a...