Developing a City Governance Index: Based on Surveys in Five Major Chinese Cities

This article explores the establishment of a City Governance Index to evaluate the levels of governance of cities. We identified seven key dimensions of governance and then divided each of them into four stages: input, mechanism, result and effect. Each dimension/stage mix is correlated with indicators that can be measured with both objective and perception data. Using this framework, we successfully conducted public opinion surveys in five major Chinese cities, including Beijing and Shanghai. We then used the 2,172 replies to compare the overall governance performance of the respective cities. This innovative approach holds considerable potential for measuring governance of cities in both China and other countries.     

Correcting for Scale Perception Bias in Measuring Corruption: an Application to Chile and Spain

Corruption perceptions are commonly utilized as essential information to measure corruption across countries and regions. In this paper we consider the hypothesis that respondents to corruption perception questions utilize different response scales in their answers, i.e. for identical levels of corruption practices, subjects from one country could answer a different level of corruption perception than subjects from another country, based on socioeconomic characteristics. This hypothesis is investigated by utilizing the technique of anchoring vignettes with a sample of citizens in Spain and Chile. The results show that response scales are used differently across individuals in both countries, suggesting that the use of uncorrected measures of corruption perceptions could mislead some conclusions about the comparisons of the corruption levels between countries.     

低工资水平下城市农民工的劳动供给模型

文章通过构建可变必需支出约束下的农民工劳动供给模型,对经典的劳动供给理论进行了修正,并利用浙江省温州市农民工的调查数据对模型进行了实证检验。文章指出,由于农民工的劳动供给受到必需支出的约束,经典劳动供给曲线将在低工资水平处出现一个拐点,在拐点工资率以下,农民工的劳动供给与工资率之间存在反向变动关系,当工资率下降时,农民工将适当地压缩必需支出,增加劳动时间,减少闲暇时间;当工资率上升时,农民工将适当地提高必需支出,减少劳动时间,增加闲暇时间。另外,非劳动收入、可支配的时间总量、物价水平等外生变量也将影响农民工的劳动供给。     

农村基本养老服务可及性研究——基于山东省17个地级市的农村调研数据

为农村老人提供可及的基本养老服务是农村养老保障体系建设的基本目标和重要标准.在现实中,农村老人基本养老服务供给和基本养老服务体系建设远滞后于需求.现有研究主要从产业分工到养老服务供给与需求的角度给予分析,但缺乏从可及性角度展开深入研究.本文以中国农村基本养老服务实际状况为基础,融合可及性内涵,借鉴"需求"和"供给"的分类,参考"匹配"的思路,形成可及性内容,应用层次分析法和可及性分析展开研究,并以此对山东省17个地级市农村调研数据进行分析.研究表明,目前农村老人以居家养老为主,疾病支出已成为农村老人的主要负担,其基本养老服务可及性总体较低,且地区差异较大.为此,应加强城乡基本养老服务均等化建设,在缩小地区和城乡差距的同时,进一步加大农村养老服务体系和服务能力建设,尤其要建立健全农村老人养老的家庭支持与社会支持的平衡机制,为农村老人提供可及的基本养老服务.     

Human Well-Being in Chinese Cities

Does human well-being vary substantially across regions within China and, if so, what forces have contributed to this variation? There are four macro-social change theories that shed light on this question: modernization theory, dependency/world-systems theory, state theory, and human ecology theory. No known study has examined all four theories simultaneously or used recent data. We fill this gap by reporting the results of a study examining the effects of industrialization, foreign penetration, state investment, and population growth (as well as several control variables) on the urban variation of three alternative forms of human well-being in China during the late 1980s. Results provide support for both state theory and human ecology theory, but they provide little or no support for modernization theory and dependency/world systems theory. Implications of the results are discussed.

     

中国城市经济效率测度研究

文章选取固定资产投资总额、劳动力作为投入变量,地区生产总值、地方财政预算内收入、职工工资总额作为产出变量,运用DEA分析法对中国城市经济效率进行了研究。研究发现,城市的纯技术效率、规模效率与城市所处的地理位置无关。城市规模效率与城市人口呈正相关关系,增加城市规模能够提高城市效率。中国近年来技术进步和技术效率呈轻微下降趋势,城市规模效率呈低速增长。技术进步和全要素生产率较高的城市以东部地区城市为主。在城市经济发展过程中应注意优化资源配置,加快技术进步。     

中国城市外籍移民管理研究

近些年来,随着中国经济实力增强、移民者强烈的改变生活条件与生存环境的内在愿望以及其他原因,导致中国人口跨界转移改变了以往单向流动的格局,许多外籍移民涌入中国城市。虽然外籍移民的出现,会给中国城市带来一定的活力,但是由于这是一个新现象,因此,中国城市管理当局在管理外籍移民时存在着主观上认识不到位和管理制度不健全等方面的不足。为了解决这些不足,除了完善相关法律法规外,还应提高管理人员的综合素质,并采取趋同管理办法。     

A Perception Survey for the Evaluation of Urban Quality of Life in Kocaeli and a Comparison of the Life Satisfaction with the European Cities

Studies on urban quality of life (QoL) have been attracting lots of attention from various countries due to the deterioration of urban environment and decrease of the urban QoL. These studies that have been supported by international organizations such as United Nations, World Bank, OECD, European Commission and EUROSTAT (European Statistics) involve comparative assessment of life satisfaction in the European cities and comparing cities facilitate the exchange of experiment and improve the quality of local policies. The main objective of this study is to measure the local perceptions of QoL in Kocaeli, which is one of the important industrial cities of Turkey and compare the life satisfaction with the European cities. Generally, two different types of indicators have been used: objective and subjective indicators. The objective indicators cover five fields: socio-economic aspects, participation in civic life, education and training, environment and culture, and leisure. The subjective indicators are mainly for valuation of QoL perceptions in a city. In this research, a perception survey will be carried out to measure the local perceptions of QoL in Kocaeli. This survey will present on issues for which the residents in the Kocaeli had widely diverging opinions: employment opportunities, housing costs, safety, cleanliness of city, public transport, air quality and overall satisfaction with the QoL of their city. Thus, the study will become a major reference for local officials to improve QoL in Kocaeli and contribute to researches on QoL in cities.     

Life Satisfaction as a Buffer of the Relationship Between Corruption Perception and Political Participation

The present article aimed at exploring the effect of corruption perception on political participation and the moderating role of life satisfaction on this relationship. To accomplish these objectives, we collected both survey and experimental data. In Study 1, corruption perception, life satisfaction, and political participation were all measured using self-report scales. The results indicated that corruption perception was negatively associated with political participation, and that life satisfaction moderated the relationship between corruption perception and political participation. In Study 2, corruption perception was manipulated by placing respondents in either a high-corruption or a low-corruption condition with subliminal priming. Compared with the high-corruption condition, the respondents primed by the low-corruption condition reported greater political participation. Furthermore, corruption perception hampered political participation only when life satisfaction was low. The results of the two studies confirmed that corruption perception attenuated political participation and that life satisfaction served as an appraisal buffer to alleviate this effect. The implications of the findings are discussed.     

流动人口身份认同的现状及影响因素研究——基于我国106个城市的调查数据

本文基于我国106个城市的问卷调查数据,采用探索性因子分析法和多元回归分析法对我国流动人口身份认同的现状和影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明:有超过一半的流动人口实现了身份认同,但他们在认同愿望和内心认同上却表现出较大的差异性,其中内心认同要明显低于认同愿望。这说明流动人口的身份认同在现实中不是同质的和单一维度的,而是复杂的,并受到诸多因素的影响,其中制度支持、个体特征、社会资本和城市体验这四个维度对流动人口身份认同起着独特的、不可替代的作用。     

乡城流动工人医疗保险覆盖率及其影响因素的经验分析——基于大连、上海、武汉、深圳、重庆五城市调查数据

文章利用2006年在大连、上海、武汉、深圳、重庆五城市乡城流动工人的调查数据,对影响乡城流动工人医疗保险覆盖率的因素进行了经验分析。结果显示,流动工人及其家庭成员的健康状况、流动工人的抵抗风险能力、就业的正规化程度及组织程度对医疗保险的覆盖率有显著影响;工作环境的安全性对医疗保险的覆盖率没有显著影响;企业特征是影响流动工人医疗保险覆盖率的显著因素。     

就业流动人口的单位分布及其社会保险参与状况分析——基于106个城市流动人口动态监测数据结果

本文运用国家人口计生委2010年12月对106个城市流动人口动态监测数据结果,从流动人口的就业单位分布与就业身份构成角度,对就业流动人口的社会保险参与状况进行了分析.主要结论为,在个体工商户、私营企业等私有性质单位就业的流动人口,是所有就业流动人口主力军,但其社会保险的参与水平明显偏低.且不同的就业身份,其各种社会保险的参与状况存在一定差别.而在公有性质单位或企业就业的流动人口的社会保险参与水平处于较高水平.此外,在外资性质企业就业的流动人口的社会保险参与水平处于高位.     

A Survey of the Elderly In Six Cities of China

Withthepopulationincreasinglyaging,theUnitedNationshasdesignated1999astheinternationalYearforOldPeople.Toincreasepeople'sawarenessofagingandtheneedtoshowmorecarefortheelderly,asurveyonthegeneralconditionsoftheoldpeoplebytheSocialSurveyinstituteofChinawasconducted.Atotalof1,756oldpeoplefromBeding,Shanghai,Qingdao,Wuhan,ChongqingandGuangzhouwereinterviewedbytelephone.Theresultsareasfollows:FamilyrelationshipThesurveyshowsthatthemajorityoftheoldpeopleleadahappyandharmoniousfamilylife.77.4%o…     

发达地区育龄流动人口子女入学与社会融合调查

目的 了解发达地区流动人口子女入学和社会融合现状。为政府决策和服务提供真实信息。方法 对2201名广州和温州市的15-49岁流动人口进行以面访式为主的结构式问卷调查。结果 在调查时点有6～14周岁学龄儿童流动人口中,其孩子在“本市”上学的仅有271人（30．5％）;流动人口的主要业余生活是看电视（84.1％）、找朋友聊天（43.0％）和逛街（39．9％）;近八成被调查流动人口自己关心流入城市所发生的事情,有1048（47.7％）人“想成为本市居民”,有210（9．6％）对象认为“我已住本市。应算是本市居民”。结论 与建议发达城市流动人口的特征有：来自省外的流动人口多于省内流动人口。夫妇共同流入的比例高。流入时间长。绝大多数流动人口期待融入流入城市．政府社会需要更好地解决流动人口入学问题．为流动人口创造更多的融入社会的机会。     

农户人力资源变迁对家庭收入的影响——来自中国综合社会调查的证据

本文利用中国综合社会调查的农村卷数据,采用逐步OLS回归的方法估计了农户人力资源变迁对家庭总收入和农业经营收入的影响.研究发现,代表人力资源数量变迁的外出务工人数对家庭总收入产生显著的正向影响,但对于农业经营收入产生显著的负向影响;在代表人力资源质量变迁的年龄指标中,老龄化对于农业收入存在显著负向影响;衡量教育水平的各个指标总体上正向影响总收入与农业经营收入;代表观念因素的两类指标中,家庭对于未来的正面预期对于提升家庭收入和农业收入有着显著积极影响.通过进一步的讨论表明,针对样本中人均总收入和人均农业经营收入高低不同的组别来说,人力资源变迁产生的影响不尽相同.从政策建议方面来讲,政府应当积极推进城镇化建设与劳动力外出务工以此增加农户收入,同时还需要考虑到劳动力数量减少对于农业收入下降带来的影响;在人力资源质量方面,既要重视老龄化带来的影响,又要继续提升教育水平与引导农户树立积极乐观的生活态度.     

Report on Major Results of the Third Wave Survey on The Social Status of Women in China

The Third Wave Survey on the Social Status of Women in China, jointly launched and organized by the All-China Women’s Federation (ACWF) and National Bureau of     

中国副省级以上城市人口可持续发展研究

基于2000年与2010年五普与六普的汇总数据,本文借鉴区位商及人口可持续发展指数的计算方法,从教育水平、第三产业比重、劳动年龄人口比重和跨省流动人口比重4个维度计算19个城市(4个直辖市和15个副省级城市)的人口可持续发展指数,并对其发展状况的变动进行比较分析,得出副省级以上城市人口可持续发展指数呈下降趋势,且质量的中心性也相对下降.对此,本文从培养和吸引更多具有创造力的高素质人力资本的角度提出相关政策建议,以促进人口的可持续发展.     

城市本地和农村外来劳动力的失业风险--来自上海等五城市的发现

文章利用2001年中国城市劳动力市场调查数据进行失业的Logistic回归分析,结果发现,相对于城市本地劳动力,农村外来劳动力的失业风险更低.但是,这种"优势"依然折射出外来劳动力在城市劳动力市场上的劣势地位.     

流动人口计划生育公共服务评估及创新——基于五地市的调查

基于对五地市的调查,本研究对流动农村人口计生公共服务实施情况进行了分析评估.综合政策认知、接受的人口计生公共服务项目、服务需求、服务满意度等方面情况的调查结果,发现:当前流动人口计生公共服务还存在服务内容不丰富、服务方式不科学、政策执行不到位、保障机制不健全、管理机制不协调、服务不均等等诸多问题和制约.转变政府公共服务职能和理念、拓展服务内容、丰富服务方式、完善保障机制有助于提升流动人口计生公共服务的水平和效能.     

我国高校建立老年学专业的重要意义

为了适应我国人口老龄化的快速发展和老龄工作实践的迫切需要 ,日前 ,经国家教育部认定 ,中国人民大学正式设立了老年学专业。按照国家教育部制定的学科门类划分标准 ,老年学目前归属于社会学一级学科 ,并置身于法学学科门类。这就从制度上明确了我国老年学的专业学科地位 ,其学术和社会意义是十分重要的。1　建立老年学专业是我国学者和老龄工作部门多年来共同努力的结果2 0世纪 80年代开始 ,我国学者就开始关注人口老龄化和老年人问题。首先 ,我国人口问题和社会学研究的专家学者借鉴西方发达国家人口老龄化的经验教训及其研究成果 ,对我…