浅谈中小企业内部控制的构建

加强和完善企业的内部控制,已成为当前理论界和实务界的共识。而我国大多数中小企业由于自身的局限性,没有一个健全而完善的内部控制。本文从分析中小企业内部控制现状入手,对中小企业的内部控制的构建提出几点看法。     

中小企业完善内部控制探析

改革开放以来我国的中小企业取得了迅速发展,并已成为新形势下国民经济的重要组成部分.内部控制作为一种先进的单位内部管理制度直接关系到中小企业的可持续发展,然而当前我国一些中小企业没有构建完善的内部控制体系,从而在一定程度上制约了企业的健康发展.本文就当前我国中小企业内部控制存在的问题进行探析,并据此提出相应的优化对策以构建适合企业自身特点的完善的内部控制体系.     

中小企业内部控制体系存在问题及对策

中小企业内部控制不健全等问题,限制和阻碍了其发展,因此完善中小企业内部控制显得尤其必要与紧迫。中小企业内部控制方面主要要改善内控环境、加强人员风险意识、内部监督、完善信息披露制度等问题,应加强企业内部控制的建设和完善。     

浅谈中小企业内部控制问题与解决方案

在市场经济条件下,建立现代企业制度,中小企业是国民经济的重要组成部分,对经济发展和社会稳定起着举足轻重的促进作用。完善和加强中小企业的内部控制制度具有重要的意义,笔者从中小企业内部控制的现状,提出了加强内部控制的措施。     

浅析我国中小企业的内部控制

<正>一、我国中小企业内部控制的发展现状随着社会生产力的发展和科学技术的进步,全球经济一体化的进程加速,中小企业之间的竞争越来越激烈,所面临的经营风险也逐渐加大。中小企业为了在激烈的竞争中立于不败之地,必须加强约束和规范企业的管理行为,完善企业内部的控制体系。1.忽视企业内部控制机制,导致内部治理混乱。目前我国中小企     

中小企业如何加强内部控制

企业内部控制是企业管理的重要组成部分和有效工具,也是企业的自动预警系统和维护系统.然而,目前我国的中小企业内部控制非常薄弱,加强中小企业的内部控制已经刻不容缓.本文分析了中小企业内部控制的现状及存在的问题,探讨解决问题的对策.     

企业内部会计控制制度探析

通过对单位内部控制制度存在的问题的分析,从内部控制应遵循的原则,抓住的重点,包括的层次及构建严密的内控体系,加强内控主体"人"的控制,强化外部监督,建立良好的信息体系来完善内部控制制度,从而防止会计信息失真,强化企业管理。     

试论完善加强中小企业内部控制

中小企业要在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地，完善并加强内部控制就成为必要条件之一。而内部控制可以分为会计控制和管理控制，本文则主要从会计控制和管理控制角度来阐述中小企业内部控制存在的问题，并试图提出完善和加强中小企业内部控制的对策，以供现代中小企业管理参考。     

中小企业内部控制存在的问题及对策

正许多中小企业在创业的初期非常成功,但是到了成长期其发展就往往会遇到各种瓶颈,而造成这种状况的主要原因之一是企业内部控制制度的不健全或执行不力。因此,内部控制的完善与建设是中小企业发展中急需解决的问题,也是企业持久发展的重中之重。由于中小企业内部控制系统的构建与国有大企业有着较大的区别,所以需要根据其自身的情况从实际出发,突出重点做到易操作、易执行。     

浅谈如何加强中小企业内部控制

目前,我国中小企业内部控制制度的缺失与不健全,既影响着企业的经济效益,又阻碍了企业的发展。笔者从内部控制制度的控制体系、设计原则、责任追究制度、培训制度和加强内部审计等方面提也了加强中小企业内部控制的途径。     

Review and Assessment of Poliovirus Immunity and Transmission: Synthesis of Knowledge Gaps and Identification of Research Needs

With the intensifying global efforts to eradicate wild polioviruses, policymakers face complex decisions related to achieving eradication and managing posteradication risks. These decisions and the expanding use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) trigger renewed interest in poliovirus immunity, particularly the role of mucosal immunity in the transmission of polioviruses. Sustained high population immunity to poliovirus transmission represents a key prerequisite to eradication, but poliovirus immunity and transmission remain poorly understood despite decades of studies. In April 2010, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened an international group of experts on poliovirus immunology and virology to review the literature relevant for modeling poliovirus transmission, develop a consensus about related uncertainties, and identify research needs. This article synthesizes the quantitative assessments and research needs identified during the process. Limitations in the evidence from oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) challenge studies and other relevant data led to differences in expert assessments, indicating the need for additional data, particularly in several priority areas for research: (1) the ability of IPV‐induced immunity to prevent or reduce excretion and affect transmission, (2) the impact of waning immunity on the probability and extent of poliovirus excretion, (3) the relationship between the concentration of poliovirus excreted and infectiousness to others in different settings, and (4) the relative role of fecal‐oral versus oropharyngeal transmission. This assessment of current knowledge supports the immediate conduct of additional studies to address the gaps.     

Review and preview of productivity research and applications

During the last two decades, productivity research and applications have not been given adequate importance when trying to attain excellence in the management of manufacturing enterprises. Recent developments in managerial philosophies Total Quality Management and Business Process Re-engineering , manufacturing technologies Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Computer Integrated Manufacturing, etc. and Information Technology innovations have made the traditional productivity improvement techniques obsolete. This article presents a review consisting of analyses of literature on productivity and a survey of manufacturing enterprises. A five-step preview strategy on productivity is enumerated which provides a meaningful direction towards future productivity research and application. The article is concluded by briefly describing the current research that is being carried out based on the preview strategy evolved.     

In search of American and British productivity and quality of organization

America and Britain have taken a long time to accept conceptually and pragmatically the post-war economic performance of Japan and other capitalist countries. Our understanding of how to improve our production infrastructure remains inadequate. This paper addresses the critical area of manufacturing organization and restructuring production operations to offer substantial and immediate results. Most of the resources required to become a world class manufacturer are already in place in the UK and the US, yet the organization of these resources remains lacking. The purpose of this paper is to review the importance of productivity and energy conversion within an integrated manufacturing strategy. Current differences in operations management thinking that exist between     

平战结合下的公路养护多资源布局问题研究

平战结合是突发事件应急管理的重要原则之一.以公路养护中的平时资源和应急资源的布局问题为研究对象,考虑到日常养护点的选址和资源配置要满足工作的便利性和不同养护点之间工作量的均衡性,把应急资源放置在日常养护点上,既节省管理成本又能满足及时调度的要求,建立一个多目标的混合整数规划模型同时对日常和应急2种资源进行布局,并设计了算法,最后给出了算例.     

Beliefs and the Perception of Risks and Accidents

Identifying the causes of accidents is a necessary prerequisite for preventive action. Some research suggests however that the analysis of accidents does not only differ between experts and laymen but that it is also linked to certain characteristics inherent in the analyst and in the social group to which he belongs: beliefs, value systems, norms, experiences in common, attitudes, roles, social and technical practices, etc. Culturally determined bias seems to affect the perception of risk and the causes of accidents. This article presents a certain number of thoughts and results based upon research carried out on causal attributions of traffic accidents in The Ivory Coast (West Africa) and discusses the importance of culture in risk-taking and accident prevention. It shows in particular that fatalistic beliefs and mystical practices influence the perception of accidents and consequently incite one to take more risks and neglect safety measures.     

融资融券扩容和流动性

  流动性是市场的灵魂,金融创新的目的和结果是提高资产的流动性。2010年3月31日,证监会以促进市场流动性为目的,正式推出融资融券业务试点,并在2011年至2013年先后3次扩大中国A股市场融资融券标的股票的范围。因此,研究中国融资融券是否促进流动性并探究其内在机制具有非常重要的现实意义。         排除股指期货和股指期权等卖空机制的影响,运用面板回归方法和适合政策评估的双重差分法,分别检验2011年至2013年3次融资融券扩容对标的股票流动性的影响,并从融资和融券交易者的短期交易策略和标的股票股东结构变化两个方面探讨买空卖空机制与流动性因果关系的内在机制。         研究结果表明,融资和融券交易的双重引入降低了交易成本和价格影响,提高了标的股票的流动性。随着融资融券业务的深入开展和发展,融资融券标的股票扩容对价格影响方面的流动性的影响越来越强。融资交易者的短期动量交易策略降低了价格影响和交易成本,融券交易者的短期动量交易策略降低了价格影响,而对交易成本影响不显著。由于部分机构投资者退场,偏好短线投机炒作的中大型个体投资者入场,换手率高、流通市值低和特质波动率低等类型的标的股票组合的流动性提高更为明显。         融资融券交易提高标的股票流动性的研究结论补充了已有研究关于买空卖空机制对市场质量影响方面的实证证据,也为中国融资融券业务的发展和完善提供借鉴意义。     

干部选拔任用工作监督的难点和对策

一、干部选拔任用工作监督难的原因分析1.监督的主体不够明确。例如,在民主推荐环节,如果有种种条件限制,推荐的范围相对就缩小了许多,这时如果有关人员泄露民主推荐的时间和地点,就很容易出现有关的对象拉推荐票或变相拉票的现象,导致推荐