共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Sonia M. Frias 《Social indicators research》2008,88(2):215-246
The main goal of this article is to assess the level of gender equality across the 32 Mexican states. After reviewing conceptual
and methodological issues related to previous measures of structural inequality I detail the logic and methodology involved
in the construction of a composite and multidimensional measure of gender equality, at the social structural or macrosystem,
level in Mexico: GEIMS (Gender Equality Index in Mexican States). The importance of assessing the level of gender equality
among Mexican states is of theoretical and practical relevance for understanding potential sources of regional differences
regarding many social phenomena. The methodology can be also used to construct gender equality indexes in other Latin American
countries.
相似文献
Sonia M. FriasEmail: |
2.
We present longitudinal survey data suggesting that the terrorist attacks in the USA on September 11, 2001, changed attitudes
toward certain minorities in Sweden. This finding is consistent with results in previous studies. To investigate whether this
change in attitudes also affected the labor market situation of these minorities, we study unemployment exit around 9-11 using
detailed data on the entire Swedish working-age population. Contrary to what may be expected from many theories of labor market
discrimination, the time pattern of exits and entries for different ethnic groups, as well as difference-in-differences analyses,
shows no sign of increased discrimination toward these minorities. A possible explanation for this result is that employers
act rationally in their hiring decisions and do not respond to changes in attitudes toward immigrants as a group.
相似文献
Dan-Olof Rooth (Corresponding author)Email: |
3.
Empirical studies in the migration literature have shown that enclaves (networks) negatively affect the language proficiency
of migrants. Most of these studies do not address the choice of location as a function of language skills. Using data on Mexican
migration to the US, we show that migrants choose smaller networks as their English language proficiency improves.
相似文献
Ira N. Gang (Corresponding author)Email: |
4.
Scott Alan Carson 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(3):739-755
The use of height data to measure living standards is now a well-established method in economic history. By using a new source
of nineteenth century Texas state prison records, the present study contrasts the heights of comparable blacks and whites
between the Civil War and Reconstruction in the American South. White stature exceeded black stature. Between 1850 and 1870,
black stature declined by more than 1 cm but recovered toward the end of the nineteenth century. Postbellum white stature
declined by more than 1 1/2 cm over the same period yet never recovered.
相似文献
Scott Alan CarsonEmail: |
5.
Sílvio Rendon 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(3):669-686
In this paper, I measure the contribution of knowing Catalan to finding a job in Catalonia. In the early 1980s, a drastic
language policy change (normalització) promoted the learning and use of Catalan in Catalonia and managed to reverse the falling trend of its relative use vs Castilian
(Spanish). Using census data for 1991 and 1996, I estimate a significant positive Catalan premium: the probability of being
employed increases between 3 and 5 percentage points if individuals know how to read and speak Catalan; it increases between
2 and 6 percentage points for writing Catalan.
相似文献
Sílvio RendonEmail: |
6.
Since the mid-1980s, New Zealand has experienced extensive economic, social and political reforms. The economic impact of
these changes has been closely monitored and much commented upon. However, the social impacts of the reforms on different
family types are less well understood. This paper outlines a project designed to monitor how the reforms impacted upon specific
family types via the use of indicators of family wellbeing constructed from census data. These indicators show that for a
range of family types, the reforms of the 1980s and 1990s varied in their impact, with single-parent families faring worst.
相似文献
Gerard CotterellEmail: |
7.
This study applies rich data from the 2000 Swiss census to investigate the patterns of intergenerational education transmission
for natives and second-generation immigrants. The level of secondary schooling attained by youth aged 17 is related to their
parents’ educational outcomes based on data on the entire Swiss population. Extending economic theories of child educational
attainment, we derive hypotheses regarding the patterns of intergenerational education transmission. The data yield substantial
heterogeneity in intergenerational transmission across population groups. Only a small share of this heterogeneity is explained
by the predictions of economic theory.
相似文献
Regina T. Riphahn (Corresponding author)Email: |
8.
The article is the first attempt in assessment of the development and the present situation of social structure and stratification
in Slovakia. Its principal aim is to develop the profile of the present society in Slovakia, which reflects the pace and complexity
of the transformation process and its impact on society. Processing of Micro census data from 2003 led to creation of the
profile of society in Slovakia at the national level based on income distribution but also knowledge on regional societies
and differences between them were obtained. It was found out that the present profile of the society in Slovakia is pear-shaped
which means strong representation of lower strata and weaker representation of higher middle and high strata. The profile
disclosed some specific features and inconsistencies in the present society of Slovakia, which were, and still are determined
by many non standard past and present phenomena and processes often disguised by reforms. The information drawn in regions
has facilitated identification of the basic nature and structure of regional societies, some of their specific features and
negative elements and to demonstrate their highly differentiated character.
相似文献
Peter PodolákEmail: |
9.
Craig Gundersen 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):191-215
Within the extensive food insecurity literature, little work has been done regarding (a) the depth and severity of food insecurity
and (b) the food insecurity of American Indians. This paper addresses both these topics with data from the 2001 to 2004 Core
Food Security Module of the Current Population Survey. To measure food insecurity, three axiomatically derived measures of
food insecurity are used. As expected, given the worse economic conditions facing American Indians, their food insecurity
levels are generally higher than non-American Indians. However, the magnitude and significance of these differences differ
depending on the choice of food insecurity measure.
相似文献
Craig GundersenEmail: |
10.
This study reviewed three philosophical accounts of happiness, and then tested those accounts with the Asiabarometer surveys
conducted in six Confucian societies during the summer of 2006. Statistical analyses of these surveys reveal that East Asians
tend to experience happiness to a greater extent when they experience enjoyment together with achievement and/or satisfaction.
The preponderance of such multi-dimensional conceptions in all those societies poses a direct challenge to a single dimensional
account of happiness in the West. The analyses also reveal that positive assessments of interpersonal relationships matter
more than the amount of knowledge or wealth in living a happy life in Confucian societies.
相似文献
Doh Chull Shin (Corresponding author)Email: |
Takashi InoguchiEmail: |
11.
Black is not always black. Subtle distinctions in skin tone translate into significant differences in outcomes. Data on more
than 15,000 households interviewed during the 1860 US federal census exhibit sharp differences in wealth holdings between
white, mulatto, and black households in the urban South. We document these differences, investigate relationships between
wealth and recorded household characteristics, and decompose the wealth gaps to examine the returns to racial characteristics.
The analysis reveals a distinct racial hierarchy. Black wealth was only 20% of white wealth, but mulattoes held nearly 50%
of whites’ wealth. This advantage is consistent with colourism, the favouritism shown to those of lighter complexion.
相似文献
Christopher S. RuebeckEmail: |
12.
Using public-use microdata samples from the American Community Survey, we find that Middle Eastern Arab men and Afghan, Iranian,
and Pakistani men experienced a significant earnings decline relative to non-Hispanic whites between 2000 and 2002. Further
analyses based on the Juhn–Murphy–Pierce wage decomposition technique as well as quantile regression indicate that this earnings
decline is not explained by changes in the structure of wages or in observable characteristics beyond ethnicity. Our interpretation
is that the unanticipated events of September 11th, 2001 negatively affected the labor-market income of the groups most closely
associated with the ethnicity of the terrorists.
相似文献
Marie T. MoraEmail: |
13.
We study the consequences of the coexistence of different social protection systems on contribution rate levels and migration in a two-country model. Before any migration takes place, the levels of contribution rates are chosen by a representative elected in each country. The migration of each agent depends on her anticipation of other agents’ migrations. We show that the richest agents are attracted to the Bismarckian country. The poorest agents tend to migrate toward one country or the other depending on the Beveridgean country contribution rate. The Beveridgean country can set a higher contribution rate to limit the departures of rich agents.
相似文献
Emmanuelle TaugourdeauEmail: Fax: +33-2-31566260 |
14.
Hispanic immigrant poverty is nearly double that of other immigrants. Furthermore, poverty rates among Hispanic families differ
substantially by ethnicity. This paper analyzes poverty rates for Hispanic and non-Hispanic immigrants, and also for individual
Hispanic ethnic groups, to determine the relative importance of different covariates of poverty. The general conclusion is
that low levels of education and fluency in English contribute to high Hispanic poverty rates and are also contributing factors
to differences in poverty among Hispanic ethnic groups. In particular, the high poverty rate of Mexican immigrant households
is associated with the low educational attainments of household heads, along with a relatively large number of children, relatively
low English fluency and a relatively short tenure in the U.S. Immigrants from Guatemala and El Salvador have substantially
lower poverty rates than Mexican immigrants despite a similar constellation of observable traits. Immigrants from South America
have low poverty rates, largely due to strong family work effort and high educational attainments. The relatively low family
work effort and high incidence of single parent families among Puerto Ricans overpowers the beneficial effects of higher rates
of citizenship and English fluency.
相似文献
Dennis H. SullivanEmail: |
15.
The present paper introduces a new indicator of educational inequality, the grade distribution ratio (GDR), focusing on levels
of grade repetition and drop out rates in primary and secondary education. The indicator is specifically suitable to evaluate
the distributive implications of expanding educational systems in developing countries. A comparative analysis of grade enrollment
distributions across 92 developing countries from 1960 to 2005 reveals that the decline in educational inequality has been
substantial and wide spread since 1960, but that progress has slowed down in the last two decades. Latin American countries
were characterized by very large initial levels of educational inequality, but contrary to other developing regions continued
to equalize their grade enrollment distribution in the last two decades.
相似文献
Ewout FrankemaEmail: |
16.
An Empirical Analysis of the Interrelationship between Components of the Social Quality Theoretical Construct 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Social quality has been presented as a theory that can explain economic and social progress of the daily lives of a population.
The components of social quality include: socio-economic security, social inclusion, social cohesion and social empowerment.
The social quality perspective views people as interacting within collective identities that provide the contexts of self-realisation.
The paper tests the social quality theory by focusing on the relationship between social inclusion and social cohesion, the
notion of social relations, to socio-economic security using the context of the family as a facilitator of self-realisation.
Using data from the Israel Social Survey 2003, six indicators of socio-economic security were analysed. There was a small
but positive and significant relationship between social inclusion and socio-economic security. We found no relationship between
socio-economic security and social cohesion. These findings tend to undermine those aspects of social quality theory which
posit close connections between these elements on a conceptual level.
相似文献
Menachem MonnickendamEmail: |
17.
Cristina Bradatan 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(4):389-404
A restrictive population policy led to almost doubling the number of newborns from one year to another in Romania in the 1960s.
Twenty years later, this large generation (of women) enters a marriage market with few eligible older mates, in a society
where marriage is a must. In this article, I analyze this social experiment within the broader frame of the marriage squeeze/two
sex models. Using various data from censuses and surveys, I argue that the marriage market is flexible even when is confronted
with disproportionately large cohorts. If the social pressure toward marriage is strong, the marriage rates do not necessarily
fall, but the mating age patterns change.
相似文献
Cristina BradatanEmail: |
18.
The changing nature of wage inequality 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Thomas Lemieux 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):21-48
The paper reviews recent developments in the literature on wage inequality with a particular focus on why inequality growth
has been particularly concentrated in the top end of the wage distribution over the last 15 years. Several possible institutional
and demand-side explanations are discussed for the secular growth in wage inequality in the United States and other advanced
industrialized countries.
相似文献
Thomas LemieuxEmail: |
19.
Jeremy F. Pais Scott J. South Kyle Crowder 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(3):321-346
Using geo-linked data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the decennial census, we compare probabilities of neighborhood
out-migration for Anglos, blacks, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans by varying ethno-racial neighborhood compositions. Analyses
for Latinos are disaggregated by nativity status. The results indicate that Anglos have a higher likelihood of moving when
they have many minority neighbors and there is little difference whether minority neighbors are black or Latino. Among minorities
there is some evidence of “minority flight” from whiter neighborhoods. Cubans, especially foreign-born Cubans, demonstrate
the strongest propensity to flee neighborhoods with large black populations, whereas the probability of moving out decreases
for Mexicans and Puerto Ricans when their neighbors are more likely to be black. Ethno-racial neighborhood composition has
little effect on blacks’ decision to leave their neighborhood.
相似文献
Jeremy F. PaisEmail: |
20.
Stephen Machin 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):1-19
In this paper (my keynote talk from the 2006 ESPE conference), I discuss the recent upsurge in research on the economics of
education that has occurred, especially in Europe. I discuss the reasons for the increased interest and present some examples
from my recent research in the area. The paper concludes that the increased research interest seems likely to be sustained
for some time to come.
相似文献
Stephen MachinEmail: |