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1.
In March 2004, a major conference on community development inthe new Europe was held in Budapest, Hungary,to mark the accession of a further ten nation states, most ofthem in the east and central European region, to the EuropeanUnion. The conference was sponsored by the International Associationfor Community Development (www.iacdglobal.org), in conjunctionwith the Combined European Bureau for Social Development (www.cebsd.org),the Hungarian Association for Community Development (kofe@kkapcsolat.hu),and the Community Development Journal (www.cdj.oupjournals.org).The initial outcome was the Budapest Declaration, the text ofwhich was included in the CDJ issue of October 2004 (39(4),423429 copies 相似文献
2.
At first glance, this book is about a narrow and technical aspectof today's development agenda how to raise finance tohelp achieve the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However,as Tony Addison and George Mavrotas put it in their chapter,mobilising finance in the right way can be a tremendousforce for good. The roads that the poor travel down, the marketsthat they access, and the schools that their children attendare all in one way or another the products ofdevelopment finance (p. 68). Approached in this way,the subject of this book gets to the heart of achieving equitableand sustainable development and, in its 11 chapters, the bookdoes indeed examine 相似文献
3.
Herman Van Coppenolle S. Djobova A. Niemiro I. Dobreva K. U. Leuven 《European review of aging and physical activity》2011,8(2):103-104
Experts in Adapted Physical Activity (APA) for elderly persons from 66 higher education institutions of 29 European countries
worked during 3 years together (2004–2007) in producing education materials to promote an active lifestyle, the content of
an APA programme for the elderly at master and bachelor level, a motivational DVD (Never too old to be Active: The Joy of
Movement and practical active ageing activity cards and a brochure with a European survey and recommendations. During the
dissemination year (2009–2010) these materials were translated from English into 15 European languages and disseminated in
all countries in institutions of Higher Education (physical education, physiotherapy, sport science), nursing homes for elderly
persons and caregivers). In each country, as many as possible elderly persons were approached as well as the concerned ministries,
sports organizations and the press. A consortium was created between the universities of Amiens (France), Groningen (The Netherlands)
and Verona (Italy), to start up the European Masters programme in APA for the elderly and the motivating products disseminated
the urgent message of the Thematic Network for all elderly persons with and without disabilities in Europe “Save yourself
by more physical activity” This same approach applied in all European countries at the same time during these 4 years, gave
a boost to the better education of students in this matter: stimulating the responsibility and motivation of elderly persons
for bringing more physical activity in their daily schedule, during at least 30 min each day. The established cooperation
between the actors of the network should however be continued through the European Master in APA for the elderly and further
dissemination of the products through the website 相似文献
4.
Publication of these conference papers on the theme of communitydevelopment in the new Europe comes at a particularlysignificant moment as the people of different oldEuropean nation states 相似文献
5.
Can industrial communities survive the loss of their industrialheritage? Can communities once thought to be in terminal declinereinvigorate themselves? Evidence from the Durham coalminingcommunities suggests that the answer to both questions is yes.This paper presents evidence from a study of the annual DurhamMiners' Gala the Big Meeting thatreflects a revival of community vitality around the event. Togetherwith an analysis of the Gala itself, the complex backgroundto the resilience of the mining communities is explored. 相似文献
6.
Roberts (Aggregation and Revelation of Preferences. Papers presented at the 1st European Summer Workshop of the Econometric
Society, pp. 321–349. North-Holland, 1979) showed that every social choice function that is ex-post implementable in private
value settings must be weighted VCG, i.e. it maximizes the weighted social welfare. This paper provides two simplified proofs
for this. The first proof uses the same underlying key-point, but significantly simplifies the technical construction around
it, thus helps to shed light on it. The second proof builds on monotonicity conditions identified by Rochet (J Math Econ 16:191–200,
1987) and Bikhchandani et al. (Econometrica 74(4):1109–1132, 2006). This proof is for a weaker statement that assumes an additional
condition of “player decisiveness”.
Supported by grants from the Israeli Ministry of Science and the Israeli Academy of Sciences. 相似文献
7.
In many states, CPA licensure now requires 150 credit hours of college coursework thereby adding an extra semester or year
of schooling beyond typical undergraduate degree requirements. Thus, the “150-hour rule” should increase the cost of becoming
a CPA and, consequently, reduce the supply of new CPAs. We test this hypothesis using panel data on the number of first-time
candidates for the CPA exam in each state over the years 1985 to 2002. We find that the imposition of the 150-hour education
requirement reduces the number of candidates sitting for the CPA exam by 60 percent and that the “grandfathering” provisions
of the 150-hour rule produce a substantial transitory increase in the number of candidates sitting for the exam in the year
prior to the rule’s effective date. Examination of candidates’ pass rates on the exam also finds behavior consistent with
the hypothesis that the 150-hour rule is a barrier to entry.
We thank Wilson Mixon and particular the 2002 Western Economics Association and 2002 Southern Economisc Association meetings
for helpful comments. We also thank Ian Elkin, Steven Simms, and especially, Keri Anderson for extraordinarily diligent ressearch
assistance. 相似文献
8.
The Impact of Cell Phone Noncoverage Bias on Polling in the 2004 Presidential Election 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Despite concerns that the accuracy of preelection telephonepolls would be harmed by the omission of voters who could bereached only by cell phone, most national polls performed wellin predicting President George W. Bushs reelection in2004, and state polls were generally accurate as well. The nationalexit poll conducted by the National Election Pool found that7 percent of Election Day voters had cell phone service butno land line; younger voters were far more likely to be cell-only:19 percent among those age 1824 and 20 percent amongthose age 2529. Within these two youngest age cohorts,cell-only voters were significantly more likely to be singleand childless. While cell-only voters were more supportive ofJohn Kerry than voters overall, they were similar to other voterswithin their own age cohort. Because of this, preelection telephonesurveys that weighted their data appropriately by age were notsignificantly biased by the absence of the cell-only voters. 相似文献
9.
The Inter-Institutional Distribution of Power in EU Codecision 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
This paper analyzes the a priori influence of the European Parliament (EP) and the Council of Ministers (CM) on legislation of the European Union adopted under its codecision procedure. In contrast to studies which use conventional power indices, both institutions are assumed to act strategically. Predicted bargaining outcomes of the crucial Conciliation stage of codecision are shown to be strongly biased towards the legislative status quo. Making symmetric preference assumptions for members of CM and EP, CM is on an average much more conservative because of its internal qualified majority rule. This makes CM by an order of magnitude more influential than EP, in contrast to a seeming formal parity between the two ‘co-legislators’. 相似文献
10.
This article examines rural grass-roots organizing in Lithuania.A conceptual scheme is proposed to differentiate among threetypes of activities prevalent in rural community building: theinitiation, voluntary communal activities, and not-for-profitcommunal activities. The model is applied to examine the establishmentof one of the most successful rural non-governmental organizations(NGOs) in Eastern Lithuania the Community Centre ofBalninkai village (population 496). The strategies that wereused to initiate the Balninkai organization and to engage involuntary communal and not-for-profit activities are identified.Internal and external factors influencing successful organizingare addressed as well as the potential impact of European Unionmembership. While there are numerous obstacles facing ruralactivists in post-socialist Lithuania, there are also significantopportunities for community organizations to contribute to sustainedrural development in Lithuania. 相似文献
11.
Many European countries have instigated a form of “industrial democracy” by legislating codetermination schemes. However,
codetermination may also be accomplished without legislation. We show that unionizing an industry’s labor supply will also
achieve much the same results as mandatory codetermination as long as unions are exempt from antitrust legislation. The value
of “union codetermination” will yield returns beyond what economists have previously predicted. 相似文献
12.
Although leftright items are a standard tool of publicopinion research, there is little agreement about the optimalresponse format. Two disputes can be identified in the literature:(1) whether to provide respondents with a small or large numberof answer categories, and (2) whether or not to administer theresponse scale including a midpoint. This study evaluates theperformance of the 101, 11, and 10-point leftright scales,which directly speak to the two disputed aspects of measuringthe leftright dimension. Drawing on data from a splitballot multitrait multimethod experiment carried out in a methodologicalpretest to the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), the analysisshows that the choice of a response format makes a differencein terms of data quality: the 11-point leftright scaleproduces the highest validity of leftright data closelyfollowed by the 10-point scale. Moreover, an application fromelectoral research illustrates that the choice of response formatsaffects substantive interpretations about the nature of theleftright dimension. Since all three scales perform aboutequally well in terms of reliability and the ease of administration,the findings suggest that the 11-point leftright scaleshould be used in survey research. 相似文献
13.
Since it is crucial for public entities to spend the taxpayer’s money effectively and efficiently, we have analyzed the methods
used to check for the two criteria in the European Union’s “Youth”-program. We find that the currently applied method is not
theoretically sound and hardly politically justifiable. Therefore, we present a new approach which includes the important
aspects that a public organization needs to respect. It is theoretically correct and fulfills economic standards; it is valid
in political standards; it is feasible; and it is easily understandable for a large public. We singled out two factors which
are readily observable and a good proxy for the decision if a project is worthy to be supported by public funds: the number
of people reached and the quality of the program proposed. 相似文献
14.
Giuliana Urso 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(3):779-790
The article proposes an interview with Mr. M. Baldwin Edwards—director of the Mediterranean migration observatory (MMO) based
in Athens—made in January 2007. Interview object was the analysis of the way Greece faced the Albanian migration flow in the
90s. Critically he points out the actors, the strategies, the historical and sociological reasons of this response. The protection
of human rights and the role of the European Union are also pointed out. The overall picture gives the impression of a Greek
answer that makes a confusion between a ‘border policy’ and a ‘migration policy’ leading to a (more or less conscious) ‘non
immigration policy’. 相似文献
15.
Maria Prezioso 《Transition Studies Review》2008,15(1):1-19
In the past 10–15 years, several discussions and/or paradigmatic hypotheses have stemmed from the more relevant economic and
territorial international scientific theories of the 90s, EU political reports, declarations and directives with regard to
both competitiveness and sustainability. Recently, their critical revision has permitted a definition of the question of the
discussion about the Lisbon and Gothenburg Strategy in Europe: how to be competitive in sustainability and review the concepts
of sustainability and competitiveness in the European territorial dimension by new criteria and indicators of measure. This
paper wishes also to evidence, as in order to apply the updated Lisbon and Gothenburg Strategy goals it should be, to introduce
a real territorial dimension into assessment processes, developing them by the new Structural Funds 2007–2013. An ex ante
analysis of the impacts of these strategies 2000–2006 and a new methodological approach was useful for both these scopes.
These ambitious goals were developed into the ESPON Programme, developing four key “determinants” or composite indicators
as very significant expression of the two strategies. 相似文献
16.
Tim Pawlowski Paul Downward Simona Rasciute 《European review of aging and physical activity》2011,8(2):93-102
As an attempt to measure the ‘experienced’ utility of individuals in economics, the investigation of individuals’ subjective
well-being (SWB) was pioneered by Van Praag and Frijters (1999) and Kahneman et al. (1999). Since then, a number of studies has analysed the factors associated with SWB and policy makers are now recognising the
importance of SWB as a policy target, with the implication being that one could target its factors associated with increase
in the overall SWB in countries. However, despite its significance to economies, and increasing policy relevance, investigations
on the impact of sport and physical activity on SWB are relatively rare [e.g. Rasciute and Downward in Kyklos 63(2):256–270,
2010]. More specifically, despite sports participation and engagement in physical activity having a strong age-specific profile
(Breuer et al. in Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 7:61–70, 2010; Hinrichs et al. in Eur J Sport Soc 6(1):49–57, 2010; Mechling and Netz in European Rev Aging Physical Activity 6(2):89–97, 2009), there is no study that investigates whether the magnitude of this impact is age-specific. Consequently, this paper seeks
to make a unique contribution to the existing literature by exploring the age-specific effects of physical activity on SWB
for a broad cross-section of 19 European countries. Overall, the results suggest that engagement in physical activity generally
contributes to the SWB of individuals on a European level but that significant age-specific differences exist. 相似文献
17.
18.
Most European welfare states today have said farewell to themale breadwinnerfemale caretaker model. Still, childcare policy has a different pace and shape in each country.This article studies the (late) origins as well as the diversityin Danish and Flemish (Belgian) child care policy. In Denmark,a universal child care provision was made possible because ofthe advocacy coalition of women with social pedagogues. Theypromoted the ideal of professional care. To combat the idealof full-time motherhood, the Flemish Catholic womensmovement strived for subsidizing childmindersthe idealof surrogate motherhoodsupported by the Christian DemocraticParty. Both strategies led to comparatively high levels of childcare provisions, but also to very different contents and shapes.In short, one of the factors that shaped child care policy isthe promotion of different (moral) ideals of care by the womensmovement, together with otheroften more powerfulallies,and backed up by parental preferences. 相似文献
19.
Altuzarra Amaia 《Transition Studies Review》2010,17(1):22-38
The aim of this work is to study whether a process of convergence in innovation in the European countries has occurred or
not, by analysing the relative changes in the innovative position of the European countries during the period 2002–2006. Special
attention is paid to the relative changes that have occurred in the recently acceded countries and to the poorest countries
of the EU-15. The data used in this research come from the fourth and fifth wave of the Community Innovation Survey elaborated
by EUROSTAT and collected in different Member States of the European Union. The statistical technique used is the multiple
factorial analysis. The study has been carried out on two different sets of firms. On the one hand, it has considered all
manufacturing firms (innovative and non-innovative firms) and, on the other, only the innovative manufacturing firms. The
results show a moderate convergence process in innovation in the manufacturing as a whole, but not in the innovative firms. 相似文献