网络环境下的服务创新与价值共创:携程案例研究

“携程旅行网”作为在线旅游服务业的代表引来了无数效仿者,但其成功地位始终未被撼动.在看似简单的商业模式背后蕴含的是难以模仿的价值共创与服务创新理念及能力,而网络环境下的价值共创与服务创新仍是一黑箱.本研究采用个案研究方法分析了携程的商业模式;并结合服务创新与价值共创理论,解析了网络环境下服务创新与价值共创的机制及要素,剖析了携程成功的奥秘,并进一步为服务型企业构建高效的服务价值网络提供了系统的范式,为其树立供应链管理战略提供了理论支持和政策建议.研究发现:①服务供应链上中下游间的两两互动及服务集成商的内外部整合是价值共创的重要组成,可分为三大模块十九个维度;②服务创新系统与价值共创系统是相互渗透紧密联系的整体,整个系统中必有一个扮演整合者角色的核心集成商存在;③价值共创过程中服务集成商与供应商的互动为服务创新创造了物质基础,服务集成商与顾客的互动为服务创新提供了动机和来源,而服务集成商内外部的整合则是服务创新产出的保障机制.     

Configurational conditions and Sustained Competitive Advantage: A fsQCA approach

Traditional manufacturing firms in emerging markets such as China are increasingly facing the challenge of digital transformation for Sustained Competitive Advantage (SCA). Underpinned by the resource orchestration theory, this study posits that organisational resources (relational and technological), transformation capability, and organisational characteristics are configurational conditions for SCA. Using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), this study reveals multiple pathways – configurational resources and capabilities in sets of necessary and sufficient conditions – leading to SCA in a sample of 206 Chinese clothing manufacturing firms. Results suggest that relational resources are a necessary condition that fundamentally drives SCA; small firms can achieve SCA by combining relational resources and transformation capability, while portfolio technological resources are sufficient for large firms. For organisations with higher levels of global market engagement, both relational and portfolio technological resources are essential for achieving SCA. This study enhances understanding of the interdependence of the causal conditions (e.g., organisational resources and capability) in set relations with the outcome of SCA in different firms considering their size and level of global market engagement.     

中国企业技术创新的分布和竞争策略——中国激光视盘播放机产业的案例研究

本文系统化地考察了中国激光视盘机产业的技术创新。本文的学术贡献是:第一,提出了针对中国企业能力现状的创新分类方法,创新可以分为系统创新、核心创新和外围创新;第二,识别并描述了中国企业创新分布的特点,指出了中国企业创新的优势主要体现在活跃的外围创新;第三,基于产品结构演化分析,尝试性地探讨了中国企业的竞争绩效,并引出了相关的竞争策略启示。产品结构模块化是释放中国企业低劳动力成本优势的重要前提条件之一。在竞争策略上,本土企业成功地利用了价值链的可分性、独立技术供应商的出现和增长迅速且需求结构多层次的市场机会,有效地发挥了低劳动力成本和当地市场知识掌握的优势,在外围创新领域和制造产品的装配环节,取得了较好的竞争绩效。     

技术创新绩效及创新模式的案例研究

创新是企业活力和企业发展的源泉,卓有成效的技术创新模式是技术创新绩效的根本保证。本文采用了单案例研究法,以山东省兖州煤业兴隆庄煤矿为例,首先分析了兴隆庄煤矿自建矿27年来的技术创新绩效;在此基础上,从技术创新模式的先导、切入点、依托、主线和落脚点的视角,对兴隆庄煤矿的全面创新、内部协同创新、二次创新和自主创新等方面进行了案例研究,并对兴隆庄煤矿成功的技术创新模式进行了理论概况。这一独具特色的兴隆庄煤矿技术创新模式,对中国煤炭企业和其他资源型企业的技术创新模式选择和技术创新管理都将有着重要的借鉴意义和参考价值。     

独立董事对财务报告的法律责任:一项案例分析

独立董事对全体股东负有诚信义务.如果独立董事未尽诚信义务,导致财务报告存在虚假陈述而给投资者造成损失,应当承担相应的法律责任.通过郑百文独立董事诉证监会事件的案例,分析了独立董事对财务报告的法律责任,并就如何强化独立董事的责任提出若干建议.     

基于资源观的竞争优势构架透视

在当今的超强竞争环境下,竞争优势日益成为企业关注的核心。本文借鉴基于资源的企业理论对竞争优势进行了新的透视,较为系统全面地剖析了竞争优势的构造,详细论述了各个维度的含义及其资源基础,从而为企业构建、保持和更新竞争优势提出了新的思路。     

Corporate Services in Poor Areas: A Case Study with Participative Multistakeholder Involvement

Corporations that provide services such as water, sewage disposal and electricity in poor countries or deprived areas face political, social and economic problems that make it difficult to simultaneously favor the interests of shareholders and other relevant stakeholders. In this paper a case study is presented in which a company, Aguas Argentinas, promoted innovative and participative multistakeholder involvement that produced benefits for all parties. Key factors in the model employed were the generation of credibility and trust, adaptive management to the specific situation of deprived areas, stakeholder dialogue, and participation. It is argued that understanding corporate citizenship as reciprocity and common effort in solving interdependent problems were fundamental to the success of the company in this case.     

成长品：数据驱动的企业与用户互动创新案例研究

现有产品创新理论聚焦于成品及其迭代,但大数据和人工智能等数字技术为产品形态的根本性变革提供了条件和可能。本文基于一家智能化广告公司的案例,提出一种新的产品形态--成长品的概念,主要回答3个问题:什么是成长品?成长品是如何成长的?成长品的创新逻辑是什么?研究获得以下结论:(1)成长品具有发展方向难以预测、即时反馈和即时调整3个主要特性;(2)成长品由要素解构与重组、成长性验证和多样化匹配3个关键过程形成,数据交互和智能算法构成其成长的重要条件;(3)成长品的创新主要基于生物演化的适应逻辑,即随用户需求的偏好差异和动态变化而实时调整,持续适应用户的需求。据此,本文提出一种数字经济时代新的产品形态二分法--成品与成长品,构建数据驱动的企业与用户互动创新的成长品三阶段成长模型,提出与现有企业与用户互动创新的决策逻辑和创生逻辑不同的第三种创新逻辑,即适应逻辑而形成理论创新。研究结论对数字经济时代的企业产品创新实践具有启示价值。     

A Case Study in the Programming and Maintenance of Institutional Change

While behavior change projects and component analyses have been critical to the development of behavioral technology, behaviorists working in human service institutions have not focused enough attention on the "packaging" and systematic application of a technology for institutional change. In the present study, a package of organizational behavior management procedures was systematically introduced in a human service setting. The goal of intervention was to promote and maintain institutional change sufficient to support the wide scale implementation and maintenance of state-of-the-art behavioral procedures for program management and service delivery. The specific procedures utilized in the study included the following: (1) planning; (2) establishing functional organizational structure; (3) recruiting, orienting, and training management and direct service personnel; (4) contracting for staff performance; (5) scheduling, supervising, and evaluating personnel; (6) obtaining and managing financial resources; (7) evaluating program operation; (8) ensuring legal safety; and (9) disseminating results. Sixteen dependent variables, chosen to illustrate the quantity and quality of institutional change, were measured for the three years prior to, and five years following, intervention. Data from these measures indicated that intervention resulted in a positive change in virtually every aspect of program operation and that change resulting from the study was durable over time. Within the limitations imposed by case study design, these results were interpreted to suggest that institutional change is possible and that the technology required to effect such change is currently available.     

作为企业竞争优势源泉的网络治理--基本的概念分析框架和研究假设

本文以新经济形态下的网络组织交易模式--网络治理为研究对象,试图回答网络治理之所以成为企业竞争优势源泉的原因.为此,本文在新制度经济学交易成本思想的分析背景中,在治理结构连续体的基础上,将网络治理对应于这种分析背景中的混合治理模型展开分析.然后,根据经济学和管理学中已有的治理和战略、价值贡献要素以及竞争优势的规范逻辑关系,得到网络治理和竞争优势的关系.最后,本文应用资源基础论中一个关于企业战略选择价值分析的VRIO模型,尝试解析网络治理作为企业竞争优势源泉的原因,并为此提供了一个基本的概念分析框架和相应的研究假设.     

复合基础观的动因及其对竞争优势的影响研究

复合基础观是适合中国情境的战略管理理论。然而,已有研究并没有对于复合基础观的内外部动因,以及复合基础观与竞争优势之间的关系给予解释。本文通过对569家中国企业的问卷调研,证实了外部资源的可获得性、市场需求的变化、企业家能力和合作导向分别是组织实施复合式战略的外部和内部动因。我们的实证分析进一步证明了复合式战略可以为企业带来成本优势和速度优势,而这种结果又受到了企业国际市场参与度的调节。本文对复合基础观理论和实证进行了拓展,同时也肯定了中国企业采用复合式战略是可行的。     

我国人力资本与生产性服务贸易竞争力相关性研究——基于行业角度的实证分析

本文首次采用1990-2008年的数据研究我国人力资本对各生产性服务业贸易竞争力的影响方向和长短期作用机制,并进行比较分析。结果表明,长期内人力资本对我国生产性服务业中的运输、保险、金融、计算机和信息、专有权利使用费和特许费行业的贸易竞争力具有明显提升作用,其中对金融行业贸易竞争力的提升作用最大。短期来看,人力资本与保险、金融行业的贸易竞争力正相关,与运输、计算机和信息、专有权利使用费和特许费行业负相关,其中对金融行业的促进作用最大,对计算机和信息行业的反向作用最明显。最后结合各行业的特点提出了结论和相关政策建议。     

Operational Risk in Financial Services: A Review and New Research Opportunities

We present a framework to describe and analyze operational risk in financial services from an operations management perspective, focusing in particular on process design, process management, and human behavior aspects. The financial services industry differs from other service industries in ways that affect the nature of the operational risks it is subject to. In recent decades, many books and papers have focused on operational risk in financial services; however, this literature has focused mainly on the conceptual and statistical aspects of operational risk management and not on its operational aspects. Operational risk in financial services has not received much attention from the operations management community. The framework presented here is based on the premise that operational risk in financial services can reap significant benefits from research done in the theory and practice of operations management in manufacturing industries as well as in other services industries. The objective of this study is to propose particular challenges and questions raised in the practice of operational risk management that may stimulate future research in this particular area of operations management.     

杭州鸿雁电器有限公司创新能力提升机制调研报告

在全面创新管理理论的分析框架之下,本文对杭州鸿雁电器有限公司的创新情况进行了分析与总结,讨论了公司战略创新、技术创新、组织创新、市场创新、文化创新、管理创新、全时空与全员创新的进展.在此基础之上,本文分析讨论了鸿雁公司创新能力提升的相关机制,并通过能力矩阵表明了鸿雁公司创新要素与创新推动力间的协同关系.     

案例:对信雅达创新能力提升机制的研究

本案例以信雅达系统工程股份有限公司的13年发展过程为背景,通过为期九个月的蹲点调研的方式来跟踪企业创新的全过程,并采用深入访谈和二手资料收集的方式采集数据,进而分析其创新能力提升的动力机制.访谈对象的范围跨越公司决策层、管理层和执行层.我们认为,第一,创新具有全面性,企业绩效的提升需要以各要素能力的提升为基础;第二,政府政策、企业家、新产品开发、创新者、IT技术是企业创新能力的重要推动者;第三,企业的战略协调能力是企业创新能力提升的关键,战略、文化、技术、市场等要素之间的动态匹配程度决定了企业创新的效率和效果.     

Modes of Response to Marketing Communications Failures in the Computer Services Industry

Chief executives of 186 computer services companies participated in a survey designed to establish (i) how firms in this sector were likely to respond to serious failures in their marketing communications programmes, and (ii) the factors affecting the mode of response. Businesses can react to a failure radically or conservatively. Radical responses might involve the dismissal of marketing managers, extensive reorganization of the marketing department and the implementation of radical changes in current programmes. Alternatively, a company could intensify the continuation of existing programmes; support, develop and mentor employees; and slightly modify rather than fundamentally alter its current marketing‐communications activities. A number of variables identified from academic literature concerning general organization decline and innovation were applied to the examination of corporate responses to marketing communications failures. In particular, hypotheses were developed and tested regarding the possible influences of managerial rigidity, internal power diffusion, organizational complexity and degree of formality, resource slack and decision‐making style.     

管理认知与动态环境下企业竞争优势:万和集团案例研究

本文基于有限理性思想,探讨动态环境下,高层管理者管理认知在企业获取并保持其竞争优势中的作用,建立包括环境变化、管理认知、战略行为、组织能力演化与企业绩效关系的研究框架.利用访谈、内部文本、外部文献等多重数据建立质性研究资料库;在质性资料基础上构建案例企业环境、认知、战略行为与组织能力的因果图;利用因果图,通过案例分析考察万和集团在动态环境下的管理认知、战略行为和组织能力.以此验证所提出的研究命题并得出结论:动态环境下,高层管理者是有限理性的,其管理认知对企业战略行为与组织能力演化有直接和关键性的影响.随后,论文延申探讨了制度因素作用于企业战略决策的途径和动态能力研究中高层管理者的作用.     

Corporate Governance and the Governance of Innovation: The Case of Pharmaceutical Industry

The paper focuses on some organizationaldynamics that have characterized the pharmaceuticalindustry in the last thirty years, whenbiotechnology and the development of lifesciences have defined a new technologicalparadigm, reshaping many aspects of theindustry, especially the organization ofinnovative activity. We suggest an original interpretation of someorganizational settings, as the increasedimportance of skilled scientists within firmsand the development of inter-organizationalalliances for the division of scientific labor.Following recent theorizing on corporategovernance issues, which points out theintrinsic organizational and relationaldimensions of the resource allocation processesand strategic decision-making, we propose a roleof the organizational practices mentioned aboveon corporate governance, and, in turn, aninfluence of different governance arrangementson innovative activity. We recall moretraditional approaches to the analysis ofcorporate governance, and give a broaderinterpretation to the relevant variablesproposed. Further, relying on more recenttheories and on literature on firm's boundariesand sectoral systems of innovation, we proposeindustry-specific variables forpharmaceuticals, including internal settings aswell as relations with external actors.Preliminary empirical support is given to ourhypotheses, concerning a panel of large USpharmaceutical companies.     

一种基于组织竞争力的公共部门绩效评估方法

相对于企业而言,公共组织在公共资源配置方面具有相对垄断的优势.随着全球竞争的加剧,公共部门以往的垄断性正受到挑战.要解决这一问题的出路就是引入竞争机制.因此,公共组织的竞争力变得比以往更重要了.本文首先提出了一种能够测度组织竞争力的绩效评价的新方法,它采用了基于数据包络分析原理的二次相对效益方法,通过组织绩效的变化来间接地评估组织的相对竞争力.然后通过对9所重点高校科研竞争力的实例测算,说明了该方法的实际效用.