Homo neurooeconomicus

Some years ago researchers in economics have started to adopt neurological techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) especially in game theoretic research-settings founded on mainstream rational choice theory. They aim to pinpoint neural activities in human brains while exposing individuals to certain stimuli (social dilemma games, choices of brands or impact of commercials). To their surprise researchers find parts of human brains involved in the observed decision making processes that normally generate emotions or are designed to store culturally acquired social preferences. In other words: neoclassical rational choice theory is discovering emotions, neural correlates of cultural predispositions and other non rational strategies of decision making processes in human brains. These findings that are acclaimed as a paradigmatic revolution and nonetheless interpreted as a confirmation of the leading rank of economics in social sciences are increasingly fascinating representatives of management and marketing. The pragmatic illusion of shortcuts into consumer brains has led to the inauguration of a specious variation of neuroeconomics named ?neuro-marketing”. Neither the admonition of leading neuroscientists and neuroeconomists nor the apparent triviality of most of the results are accounted for. Beyond this neoclassical rational choice theorist ignore the underlying scientific as well as pragmatic messages of these observations: the fact that sociology, economics, psychology and neuroeconomics tend to mutually validate their respective findings as social correlates of brain-activities and vice versa.     

Does Feminist Theory "Work"

No abstract available for this article.     

特殊青少年“统一人格”教育观

特殊儿童教育的目标和内容,涉及到背后的价值观和特殊教育理念。特殊教育从隔离到一体化,到融合教育,其中蕴涵着对于特殊儿童的本质的理解的发展变化,特殊青少年的教育中除了技能培养,一定的学科知识之外,还包括“健全人格”和其他层面的作为“人”的主体性需要。文章试图通过特殊青少年“统一人格”教育的整合性教育观,去探寻特殊教育的价值背后的关于特殊儿童的内在“主体性”的意义,探讨在融合教育背景下,特殊青少年教育更为全面更为丰富的教育目标和教育内容。     

Homo ludens im sozialwissenschaftlichen Seminar

The teaching of social sciences consists of social interactions and is, therefore, an appropriate object for scientific analysis. A game-theoretic approach reveals that ”chicken games“ and ”prisoner’s dilemmas“ are abundant in university level courses. It can also deliver systematic solutions to the problems of cooperation students and teachers are confronted with in everyday a cademic life. One of these solutions is the reforming of courses into games, as based on a perspective borrowed from cultural anthropology. ”Excitement and fun“ become the ”selective incentives“ which may boost seminar interaction and output, and forge ”privileged groups“, i.e. ”teams“.     

传统“慎独”思想与青少年网络道德人格成长

网络社会道德控制机制弱化导致青少年网络主体出现严重的"我向幻觉行为"倾向,符号意义体系异化又使网络主体长时间处于一种社会关系缺场的"脱域"状态,而"脱域"状态的加剧又导致青少年网络行为异化和道德人格缺失。借鉴传统"慎独"思想教育青少年,可强化其网络道德责任意识,促其形成理性自觉的网络道德意志系统,使其网络行为自律,并持之以恒地进行重塑自我的网络道德修养实践,坚持不懈地根据网络道德提出的新要求、新标准来严格自律,形成网络主体意识,具有自制性、自觉性和自主性等特性的网络道德人格特质,以及须臾不离、慎乎隐微的网络道德人格。     

"Sense" and "Intention" in Max Weber's Theory of Social Action

Ambiguities in Weber's theory of social action have been compounded in translation into English. American commentators have generally given a psychological twist to Weber's concepts of "intended sense" and "understanding," in terms of an "imputation of motive." Weber, on the other hand, distinguishes between the intended sense of an action and the actor's motivation. As a sociologist, he is interested, not in the imputation of motive to the individual actor, but in understanding social action in its "context of sense" in relation to "typical" or "cross-sectional" usages based on "consensus," that is, in its "cultural significance".     

《TRIZ理论与创新方法》课程项目化教学研究

案例教学法与项目化教学法相辅相成,设计了创新课程《TRIZ理论与创新方法》的教学过程。将精细日用化学品的概念设计作为训练项目,分解为一系列任务,以期在任务完成过程中实现学生创新能力的培养与提高。     

浅析当代青年"我行我素"的个性特征

本文从青年"我行我素"个性成长的社会背景入手,分析"我行我素"个性的三大表现用自我的眼睛看世界,独立自主地思考做事,崇尚自由、乐于表现,希望得到社会认同.并强调呵护和关心青年个性的发展.     

《社会保障理论与实务》课程考核方式改革探索

从考核内容、考核形式、考核主体、考核指标和标准等方面探讨了高职《社会保障理论与实务》课程的考核方式改革。     

A Formal Restatement of Durkheim's "Division of Labor" Theory

Despite frequent references in the sociological literature to Durkheim's theory about the division of labor, sociologists have made few attempts to test it. The paucity of attempts and the very debatable outcomes thereof are due largely to Durkheim's use of the traditional discursive mode of theory construction. A discursively stated theory's logical structure is likely to be obscure, and for that reason alone tests of it are difficult and controversial. Rather than perpetuate the exegetical tradition in sociological treatments of the subject, this paper restates Durkheim's theory in accordance with a particular formal mode. That restatement identifies the theory's shortcomings and problems. But the eight premises imply only one testable theorem, and the theorem's predictive accuracy appears minimal unless "population concentration" is substituted for "density" in the first axiom. Nonetheless, the restatement clearly shows how extension of the theory (additional postulates) could further its testability.     

当代中国啃老族理论探析

近年来,中国的“啃老族”队伍在不断壮大,带来了巨大的社会隐患,随着社会的发展,已经“升级”为一个社会问题。一边是劳心劳力、白发苍苍的父母,一边是赖在父母怀里不“断乳”的子女,日益成为全国性的社会问题,不容忽视。“啃老族”的出现,有其复杂的成因,国人对子女根深蒂固的“养身之道”,学校教育的功利化和工具化,以及社会转型期的一些变革等等因素,造成了这些“成年孩子”拒绝长大。这对青年自身、家庭以及社会都带来诸多的负面影响。笔者以为要解决“啃老族”这一新的社会问题,需要家庭、学校、政府、社会多方面的努力,才可能奏效并且防患于未然。     

Suicide and Homo Duplex an Interpretation of Durkheim's Typology of Suicide*

The four types of suicide that Durkheim distinguished are implicit in his concept of homo duplex and the view of socialization this entailed. The individual requires both repression of his passions and direction toward society; too much or too little of either of these two processes leads to suicide and each of the four types represents one type of such failure in socialization. Internal evidence from Suiciae is used to show that Durkheim did in fact derive the suicide typology from his view of man. From the standpoint of this interpretation, those by Parsons and Douglas and by commentators who equate the anomic and egoistic suicide types are reviewed and their misunderstandings noted. Finally, the interpretation given is used to shed light on other aspects of Durkheim's thought, especially some that are disputed in the secondary literature.     

Borderline Personality Disorder and Adolescence

SUMMARY

This chapter addresses many of the potential challenges clinicians face when working with adolescents with BPD. First, we present the diagnostic issues related to an adolescent population. Second, we review issues related to the families, peers, and larger systems (e.g., schools) that reciprocally influence the adolescent and the treatment. Third, we discuss specific treatment concerns and propose solutions, including how to effectively manage therapists' own reactions to working with this population. Many of the clinical vignettes and suggested interventions in this chapter derive from our experience working in an outpatient adolescent Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) program. As described later in this book, DBT is an evidence-based treatment effective for suicidal multi-problem individuals with promising data published with suicidal adolescents diagnosed with borderline features (Rathus & Miller, 2002).     

Personality traits and knowledge sharing

In this paper, we describe an empirical study that relates three personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness) to knowledge sharing. In the existing literature considerable attention has been paid to managerial influences on knowledge sharing, technological support through information and communication systems, or individual characteristics like motivation or the perception of conflict of interest or vulnerability. Instead we concentrate on the role that personal dispositions play in individual’s knowledge sharing behavior. By means of structural equation modeling with PLS, we discover significant correlations between the personality traits and knowledge sharing within teams of an engineering company. Our results clearly contribute to the existing literature, as they offer empirical evidence of the impact of enduring individual characteristics on knowledge sharing.     

Borderline Personality Disorder and Hospitalization

SUMMARY

This chapter reviews and discusses the issues and controversies related to the hospitalization of suicidal patients with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. It highlights the challenges faced by both the clinical staff and a prototypical patient during a hospitalization. Included are a discussion of the transference and counter-transference that arise during inpatient treatment, the stressors on the staff as well as on the patients themselves. The chapter offers suggestions for enhanced in-hospital treatment, including increased collaborative decision-making, clear and realistic short- and long-term goals for patient and family, and increased supervision and ongoing education of staff.