基诺族传统信仰的生态伦理价值

基诺族传统信仰具有丰富深刻的生态伦理内涵,其对人与自然关系的认识及建立其上的敬畏自然、尊重生命、对土地和森林的可持续利用、保护环境的实践、绿色生态的生活方式等,与生态伦理的价值追求不谋而合,给予生态环境的保护和可持续发展诸多的启示,并为生态伦理的现代建构提供了重要的精神资源.传统信仰的"解构"与基诺山生态问题的出现、以及种种生态环境保护实践的不尽如人意表明,"天人和解"有赖于传统信仰的重建.     

论20世纪中国文学的神话记忆

20世纪中国文学的神话记忆是神话基因在文学上的发酵与神话密码的现代性重组,主要表现为神话重述、神话意象、神话思维等基本类型,承载着传统与现代的道德内涵和悲剧性的诗性本质,为现当代作家的文学实践提供了特定的民族文化精神与艺术气质。     

傣族泼水节的神话与仪式研究

傣族泼水节的伴生神话与节日仪式的操演形成一组稳定的结构,在共同的心理基础上构成了活态的节庆神话.在以傣历周年为基本单位的社会时间谱系中,“佛事”与“农事”交错并行,构成了神话叙事的社会情境,诸多岁时祭仪皆是嵌在这一情境中的节点,与文化整体形成互动,再现了生态时间与社会时间,而仪式体系之间的结构性关联正是神话文本得以衍生和流变的基础.     

凉山彝族“斯色那”疾病的传统表达与当代解释

凉山彝族传统社会对疾病没有明确的医学知识分类系统,医疗活动通常是信仰、仪式等文化实践过程的一部分。当地常见的“斯色那”疾病在传统毕摩文化体系中被认识、理解以及治疗,毕摩经文较为详细地介绍了其来源、症状和治愈措施,成为彝人理解身体疼痛和病变的重要路径。“斯色那”虽是一种有关地方疾病的传统话语,但在当代社会的医疗实践中呈现出相对宽泛的定义和多元化的内容。彝人将许多外显的身体病变症状纳入到“斯色那”范畴,并以大致相同的疾病观点进行解释,“斯色那”如今是当地人在现代社会与不同疾病遭遇后产生的具有动态性的疾病理念。多元化的疾病理解方式既缓解了特定疾病给患者带来的“污名化”问题,构建良好的就医环境,同时也是患者及其家属寻求被治愈的不同医疗策略。     

壮岱侬花婆神话与中越文学交流态势

壮岱侬民族拥有同中有异的花婆神话.通过对它的分析,可以发现,中越文学的交流态势,实际上是建立在带有女性主义色彩的生态伦理缔结与交往的基础之上的.     

魔兽与母亲——灾难的象征论

1991年10月发生在奥克兰地区的大火灾造成25人丧生,6000多人无家可归。幸存者用各种方式表达自己对这场灾难的认识,其中凸显了有关自然与文化、有序与无序、时间与空间以及传统的男女性别区分与生死等二元结构,尤其是对作为自然象征的母亲与作为灾难象征的魔兽二者之间的对立显示了自然与非自然力量的对比。人们为了解释灾难的去而复来,甚至认定灾难的发生是早已注定的、循环的,从而肯定了上帝对于自然灾害发生的控制权,由此,毁灭者也是创造者。奥克兰大火中隐含着如建筑材料的不当使用和居民区的不合理规划等技术性因素,因此其可部分归结为技术性灾难。而由于技术性灾难产生于一个文化的竞技场,而不是自然自身的,在这种情况下,能满足人们心理需求的合乎情理的灾难意象或隐喻非常少,因此,技术性灾难不会流变为神话,而是作为永远的历史而存在。综观上述过程,灾难被重新界定为＂创造性的毁灭＂,从而被赋予了一种令人敬畏的美。尽管并非所有的文化都会以上述方式去象征地表达灾难,但所有的文化在描述与解释灾难时,象征都将会是他们行动的一部分。这些象征的建立缓解或消解了灾民对于灾难的恐惧,这也可以部分解释为什么灾难多发区的居民大多不愿意搬迁。     

脆弱性辨析与灾难形态的类型学划分——人类学灾难研究本土化的可能路径

人类脆弱性的辨析是人类学开展灾难研究的关键基础,也是对灾难形态进行类型学划分的主要依据.通过梳理灾难人类学的问题意识演变和理论视野发展,本文指出当前人类学的灾难类型划分应基于脆弱性的辨析,结合对自然肇因与社会缘由、地方框架与世界格局、特殊事件与结构过程的关系考察来区分自然灾异型、社会灾变型与社会灾祸型这三种形态的灾难,从而更精准化地以地方性视角、过程论方法与整体性关照推进人类学的灾难研究,并获得研究本土化的一种可能路径.     

试论现代化进程中少数民族生态伦理与环境保护的共赢模式

少数民族在人与自然和谐共生中逐渐形成了多种生态伦理观,这种生态伦理观与生态文明建设的本质不谋而合。在现代化进程中应传承与创新少数民族生态伦理观念,从意识层面、制度层面和实践层面三维角度完善少数民族地区生态文明建设实现路径,探索出生态伦理与环境保护的共赢模式。     

广西毛南族生态伦理文化可持续发展研究

广西毛南族具有鲜明民族性和地域性色彩的传统生态伦理文化,主要集中在精神文化与制度文化两个领域,成为建构毛南族生态保护意识的文化基础.基于毛南族在生态环境方面所形成的现代与传统的伦理思维差距,需要从产业、消费、农村等多个角度进行毛南族生态伦理文化的可持续发展研究.     

生态文明建设视阈下罗平布依族生态观之体现

罗平布依族独特的生产生活习俗及原始信仰共同构筑了布依族人民特有的传统生态文化,闪现着生态文明理念的雏形,也折射出布依族人民的传统生态价值观,即敬畏自然、融入自然,追求人与自然的和谐共处.其中,布依族原始信仰体现出对自然的敬畏之心,布依族创世神话与古歌中体现了人与自然的共融共生,布依族的传统生活体现出热爱自然、崇尚自然的生活态度.     

三燕故都古朝阳的历史、文化与民族融合

朝阳为前燕、后燕和北燕三个民族政权的古都,在北方少数民族与汉族,以及欧亚大陆的经济文化交流中发挥了重要的作用。     

革命,民族,现代性——关于中共陕甘宁边区政府回族干部的考论

抗日战争时期,在团结抗日的目标条件下,群众团体成为中国社会各阶层的动员和组织的重要形式。在众多回族抗日群众团体中,成立于1938年的中国回民救国协会是影响深远的回族群众团体,为了更好地动员和团结各民族,1940年在延安成立了第一个少数民族抗日群众团体—延安回民救国协会,同年还成立了中国回民救国协会陕甘宁分会。通过对延安回民救国协会的观察和研究,以及对回族基层干部的关注,可以了解到回族基层干部主要是中共中央基层组织培养和教育的结果。本文以金浪白和马文良为例,研究他们的经历、参加中国革命的契机,以及他们在中国共产党回族政策中的作用。此外,通过对其他回族干部来源调查,研究中国共产党如何选拔录用回族干部,并与鄂豫皖根据地选拔与录用干部方式的加以比较,探讨回族干部选拔录取方式的特点,提出有关回族妇女干部的新观点。     

疾疫的救治、防控与乡村社会的变迁——青海省黄南藏族自治州牧区个案研究

历史上,现今青海省黄南藏族自治州的牧区存在鼠疫、性病、伤寒、天花等疾疫流行的情况,那里的藏族和蒙古族主要依靠社会力量(其中包括民间藏医、寺院以及人们在日常生活方面的行为规范和约束)对疾疫进行救治,国家和地方政府对当地疾疫的防控干预不多。中华人民共和国成立后,当地医疗卫生事业得到很大的发展,疾疫状况有了明显的改善。调查研究表明,近几十年黄南牧区疾疫救治与防控的进步,不仅表现为由民间自发防控向国家政府行为的转化,还表现为由治疗向预防的发展以及疾疫防控的法制化。它在某些方面改变了民众对传统社会组织与宗教的依赖程度,反映出国家力量对边远民族地区基层社会的管理在不断深入和强化。     

伊斯兰服饰文化与中西服饰文化之比较

和中西服饰文化不同的是:伊斯兰服饰文化是以伊斯兰教义这一最根本的价值观作为统摄服饰的文化、历史、时代、心理、审美各要素的最高主导思想。因此,这种服饰文化具有鲜明的宗教特征。它必然突出服饰的伦理观念,而服饰的艺术必须以服从这种伦理观念为前提。中西服饰文化则将服饰艺术视为服饰设计的首要原则,前者重装饰效果,后者重人体艺术,伦理观念对服饰设计的调节作用受到不同程度的弱化,甚至摈弃。     

文本、族群、叙事：作为一种民族志的《平闽十八洞》

作为广泛流行于闽台地区及东南亚闽籍华人社会的一部章回体小说，《平闽十八洞》曾经引起包括林语堂、叶国庆、李亦园等文史学家和人类学家的集体关注和研究，其背后呈现的是从“古史辨”学派到人类学视角的学术史脉络。《平闽十八洞》这类族群叙事文学，其背后蕴含的是代表中原移民的“汉”与代表越、畲等“非汉”之东南区域原来存在的原住族群历史上竞争与融合的过程，是理解历史上东南地区族群互动关系的重要民族志文本。对这类文本的深度考察，有助于推进东南民族史的研究。     

"萨满"词源与词义考析

“萨满”一词的词源和词义问题,是萨满教研究中的一个基本问题,国内外学术界对此多有歧义。本文在批判地借鉴各种说法的基础上,对“萨满”词源和词义进行了具体分析。     

族群、族群认同与族群建构论的实践——以两岸客家和当代台湾族群建构为例

本文从族群概念的争鸣入手,以两岸客家和台湾族群的建构为实例,阐释了族群——族群认同——族群建构论这一组密切相关的概念的内涵,在肯定族群建构论合理性的同时,也指出了在台湾族群建构过程中建构论被过分夸大的负面影响。     

创新理念 推进自治制度运行和自治地方治理现代化

Deepening reform, promoting the rule of law, and implementing the “Five Develop￣ment ” concepts have had a deep influence on the modernization of governance in ethnic autonomous regions. Based on a review of 30 years of success￣ful experiences in implementing ethnic regional au￣tonomous law, and focusing on the concepts of“innovation, coordination, green development, openness and sharing”, we need to conduct in -depth research on the ways to:promote governance by law, realize the modernization of governance;and promote the efficient implementation of ethnic autonomous systems in the ethnic autonomous re￣gion.
The 155 ethnic autonomous areas of China cover 64% of the total area of the country. There￣fore, the governance of the country cannot be a￣chieved without modernizing the governance in the ethnic autonomous regions. Modernizing the gov￣ernance in ethnic autonomous regions is a necessa￣ry element for modernizing the governance of the nation. The modernization of the ethnic autono￣mous regions actually means the legalization of the governance in ethnic autonomous areas, which is a main part of the legalization of the ethnic affairs.
The comprehensive, deepening of reform, and promoting governance by law have been strongly promoted. We should start from reality, respect differences, and take the development concepts of“innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing” into consideration so as to promote the ef￣ficient implementation of ethnic regional autono￣mous systems through various methods. We should update our concepts, weaken specificity, solidify locality, intensify new thinking, innovate the run￣ning of ethnic autonomous systems, and promote the modernization of governance in ethnic autono￣mous regions. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the theories and practices used since the imple￣mentation of ethnic regional autonomous regula￣tions, and under the premise of intensifying “the legalization of ethnic affairs”, we should deepen the comprehensive reform of the ethnic autonomous regions, comprehensively promote the governance by law, and realize the goal of building a moder￣ately prosperous society as scheduled through im￣proving and innovating the running of ethnic re￣gional autonomous systems.
“Ethnic areas are districts with rich resources and water sources; they are ecological screen zones, cultural characteristic zones, border areas, and poor areas.” At the same time, due to histori￣cal, social and natural factors,“the natural condi￣tions of most ethnic areas are not good; their be￣ginning phase of development is low; they have many historical debts; they are located far away from the central markets and urban areas;their ur￣ban-rural gap is very obvious”, and “their gap with the eastern areas ( of China) is growing larger and larger”. The reform and the promotion of gov￣ernance by law in ethnic autonomous areas should put more emphasis on locality, ethnicity and “au￣tonomy”. Of course, we must avoid of “artificial￣ly” intensifying ethnic consciousness, and creating ethnic “differences”. Meanwhile, we should “im￣prove the capability for legal management of ethnic affairs”, “intensify the construction of laws and regulations related to ethnic work”, “legally han￣dle those issues involving ethnic factors”, “insist on resolving issues involving ethnic factors by the law, and avoid of regarding civil and criminal problems related to ethnic people as ethnic prob￣lems, or regarding common disputes in ethnic are￣as as ethnic problems. ”
We should affirm that China’s ethnic relations are harmonious, and that their economics are de￣veloping rapidly. Since the implementation of the policy of “reform and opening -up”, especially since 2005 , the economics in ethnic autonomous regions have developed dramatically; the people’s living conditions have continuously improved;bas￣ic infrastructure has significantly speeded up; and ecological protection has solidly improved. Howev￣er, the problems still prevail. For example, the poverty in ethnic areas is still serious—there are more than 25 million poor in ethnic rural areas. Therefore, the task of poverty alleviation is still very tough. In addition, the gap between urban and rural areas and between different regions is very large in ethnic autonomous regions. Finally, the rate of urbanization is very low.
In sum, during the process of modernizing so￣cial governance in ethnic autonomous regions, we must pay full attention to the five“stage character￣istics” of ethnic work in China which are the:( i) co - existence of opportunities and challenges brought by the “reform and opening -up” policy and the socialist market economy;( ii) co-exist￣ence of the state’s constant support to the ethnic ar￣eas and its low level of development; ( iii ) co -existence of the state’s constant support to the eth￣nic areas and the weak level of basic public service capability in ethnic areas; ( iv ) co -existence of the constant exchange and fusion between various ethnic groups and the disputes involving ethnic fac￣tors;and ( v) co-existence of the great achieve￣ments in anti-national splittism, religious extrem￣ity, and violent terrorism, as well as the active ter￣rorism activities in some areas. Only when we rec￣ognize this situation, can we understand the speci￣ficity of doing ethnic work in China. The innova￣tion of governance of ethnic autonomous areas and the promotion of governance by law in the whole country must start from this actual situation.
At present, we still need to clarify the conno￣tations of autonomous rights. Based on a clear clar￣ification of the basic meaning of ethnic regional au￣tonomous rights, we should deepen reform, active￣ly transform the governance of the ethnic autono￣mous regions, further deepen relevant theoretical studies, and positively promote the ethnic regional autonomous system. The main purpose of the eth￣nic regional autonomous areas is to promote the de￣velopment of the various affairs of ethnic minorities and ethnic regional autonomous areas. The purpose for improving the ethnic regional autonomous sys￣tem is to ensure the development of ethnic minori￣ties and ethnic regional autonomous regions. Im￣proving the ethnic regional autonomous system should transform from one of preferential treatment to one of nuanced development.
Looking back to the past, the legal construc￣tion of ethnic regional autonomy has made great a￣chievements. However, the preferential policies of the state and relevant institutes are still the real factors promoting the development of the various af￣fairs of the ethnic minorities and ethnic autonomous areas. As described in this article, there are multi￣ple factors which influence the efficiency and per￣formance of the ethnic regional autonomy. The eth￣nic autonomous regions are restricted by natural conditions and economic development, therefore, they have to depend on assistance from the state and the relevant institutes—this is the objective re￣ality. However, the improvement of the ethnic re￣gional autonomous system must change the status of the past, and enable the ethnic regional autono￣mous system play out its actual role so that the va￣rious affairs of ethnic minorities and ethnic autono￣mous regions can step onto a road of nuanced de￣velopment.
The future development of the ethnic regional autonomous system depends on the consensus of theoretical and practical circles, i. e. a long-term mechanism whose purpose is to enable the system itself play its actual role should be established. Only by such a mechanism, can these puzzling problems be solved and gradually improved. Tak￣ing the breakthrough of the actual effect of the sys￣tem as the starting point of the ethnic regional autonomy’s deepening of the reform, one should take the following aspects into consideration:1 ) re-examine existing laws and regulations, and im￣prove them on the basis of institutional norms, en￣hance normalization, uniformity and manipulability of the ethnic regional autonomous regulations; 2 ) sort out the relationship between the institutions in ethnic autonomous areas and the upper levels of the state institutes, as well as the relationship be￣tween the institutions on the same level;on the va￣rious institutional levels, enhance clear cognition on the position, role and organizing principles of the ethnic regional autonomous system, and avoid taking the ethnic regional autonomous system as the affairs of the ethnic autonomous areas;3 ) im￣prove the supervisory mechanisms for running the ethnic regional autonomous system; and 4 ) im￣prove the mechanisms for handling disputes on the running of the ethnic regional autonomous system.
We must work closely, share the achieve￣ments, and promote the operation of the ethnic re￣gional autonomous system. For this purpose, we should:1 ) standardize the management of the eth￣nic regional autonomous system, and weaken the“specificity”;2 ) promote the governance capabili￣ty of the ethnic regional autonomous areas, and so￣lidify the concept of“locality”;3 ) enhance auton￣omous awareness and capability, intensify “new thinking”, motivate initiatives from the autonomous areas, and improve the autonomous system from the bottom-up, and rationally allocate the power and rights of the high-level organs and the auton￣omous organs in the ethnic autonomous areas.     

历史、想象与身份认同——影片《成吉思汗》与《一代天骄成吉思汗》的叙事比较

围绕蒙古族英雄成吉思汗,已经形成了多重文本构成的语义丰富的话语场。对1986年詹相持执导的《成吉思汗》与1997年塞夫、麦丽丝执导的《一代天骄成吉思汗》两个电影文本的对比研究表明,两部影片在影像风格、叙事选择、细节塑造等方面的不同,显示出作为创作主体的导演在构造过去时游走于史实与想象中的姿态,叙事策略的背后展现出的其实是创作者族群、文化身份的差畀以及自我定位等深层次的问题。应该说,这样的文本对比分析既对少数民族题材电影创作有启示意义,也是文化人类学之于历史、想象、身份研究的重要范本。     

解放思想更新观念迎接西部大开发

本文认为,解放思想,更新观念,迎接西部大开发,必须加强对思想观念本身的认识;必须加强学习;必须打破封闭保守意识,树立改革开放的新观念;领导者要起重要作用;必须克服"等靠要"思想,树立开拓进取意识;必须打破论资排辈、求全责备思想,不拘一格选择人才;必须树立市场竞争观念和创新意识;必须走群众路线;必须接受社会实践的检验.