族群认同、族群认同的发展及测定与研究方法

认同研究是社会心理学研究的一个重要领域,近十多年来,社会心理学家把社会认同理论运用于少数民族心理学研究,取得了一系列的研究成果。族群认同涉及到民族心理学研究的方方面面,成为民族心理学研究的核心问题。族群关系,族群文化适应,族群之间的偏见、歧视和冲突,都与族群认同的发展有关。本文综述西方学者近年来对族群认同、族群认同发展、族群认同测定等方面的研究在理论和方法上的新进展,旨在对我国的民族心理学研究提供某种借鉴。     

基于历史记忆的文化生产与族群建构

本文试图运用法国学者莫里斯·哈布瓦赫提出的集体记忆理论,以撒拉族为例,探讨一个民族的历史记忆在其文化再生产和族群建构中所起到的作用,集体记忆分为历史记忆、社会记忆和个体记忆,本文主要研究撒拉族的历史记忆,探讨一个无文字的简单社会(人口较少民族)借助族群的历史记忆如何维持族群边界、强化族群意识的现象.     

族群互动下的语言接触——以广西富川为例

族群在生存和发展过程中与其他族群的交往互动必然要以语言为沟通手段,族群互动产生语言接触。本文以广西富川瑶族自治县为例,结合该县各族群文化交往的历史和语言演变的进程,探讨族群互动中语言接触的特点和规律。     

赫梯国王名字的演变及族群认同构建

赫梯人所建立的赫梯文明及赫梯王国具有多元文化交融和多民族共存的特点,这在赫梯国王名字的历史演变中得以窥见。赫梯国王名字的由来包含了城市名、神灵名、高山名和祖先名等多种来源,而赫梯国王名字的由来及其历史演变同时也反映出国王名字在文化上的多元性,在寓意上的积极性和时代性,以及赫梯人对王权权威性、合法性和王位正统性的追求。赫梯国王名字的演变及其文化特征是赫梯族群认同构建的必然结果。在多民族文化并存的状态下,赫梯人通过文化选择的方式逐渐形成了服务于赫梯王权的族群认同体系,这一体系在赫梯帝国灭亡之后甚至也产生了一定程度的影响。     

广西融水苗人族源探析——兼论族群主观认同、族属客观标示与族群认同变迁

有学者认为,由于“族群”是由血统、遗传决定的,不能自由地选择,而"文化"是可以选择与改变的,因而,族群的自我认同与族属的客观标示之间往往存在着某些层面上的矛盾与冲突。本文试图以苗人居住相对集中的广西融水县红水乡为例,讨论虽然人们在认同现有族属的同时,也在追溯其久远历史记忆中祖先的渊源。但是,在特定的社会历史境遇下,族群认同感往往是随着社会生存环境的改变而改变的,族群认同和文化认同的边界往往具有可变性,而不是不能自由选择的。因此,族群主观认同与客观标示是可以兼容并包的。     

巴西:族群天堂的陷阱

巴西的族群,是印第安人原住民、葡萄牙人、非洲黑人三者混融的结果,加之其后源源不断的欧洲移民及亚洲移民的到来,使巴西成为一个多种族、多族群、多文化交融互生的移民国家。论文从历史和现实两大维度来分析巴西族群关系,力图与被冠以"族群天堂"、"族群熔炉"等的巴西族群关系形态形成对话,不管是历史的巴西还是现实的巴西,种族问题都成为社会根深蒂固的存在方式。种族的等级结构从殖民时代的奴隶制传统开始,加之后来以社会达尔文主义为渊源的白化政策加以固化,并一直延续至今。以巴西的族群关系为参照,回到中国的民族关系,以此来回应"第二代民族政策"、族群关系认识的历史与现实维度、民族问题与社会问题的认知问题。     

荷兰少数族群政策初探

战后移民的持续到来迫使荷兰放弃"非移民国家"观念,承认移民永久化。1983年,荷兰出台少数族群政策,开始系统地处理外来移民问题。少数族群政策的主要对象是外来移民构成的少数族群,内容涉及社会经济、政治法律和文化三个方面,旨在保持少数族群文化认同的同时促进他们融入荷兰社会,带有明显的多元文化主义特征。由于荷兰经济低迷,少数族群政策的成效差强人意。从上世纪80年代后期开始,荷兰少数族群社会经济隔离状况日益显露,反移民情绪高涨,少数族群政策面临严峻挑战。     

和顺古镇的历史记忆与族群认同

历史记忆是族群内部成员对其共享历史、文化、族源等进行刻写和记忆的过程。族群认同则强调族群成员对其所属群体的认知和情感依附。共同的历史记忆是族群认同的基础要素,族群认同是族群增强凝聚力,延续族群文脉的根基。本文以历史记忆、族群认同等相关理论为基础,首先对和顺古镇保存较为完好的族谱、宗祠、纪念性建筑、宗族礼仪、宗教仪式及名人传记等进行解读,透视其历史记忆的刻写保护与传承过程。然后依托记忆揭示和顺历史记忆与族群认同之间的关系。     

社会人类学的都市族群研究

从社会人类学的视角对都市族群研究进行文献综述和理论回顾,并对我国都市族群研究的可能性方向和研究方法进行探索,指出我国都市族群研究至少包括三个领域:(一)海(境)外华人在中国都市的族群认同、文化认同、国家认同表述研究;(二)少数民族融入大都市之后的族群、文化与社会认同表述研究;(三)新移民进入都市之后的族群性地域认同研究。都市族群研究内容包括认同建构研究、文化表述研究、大都市人意识与身份的形成过程研究。在研究中应注意族群内心情感问题、族群形成过程问题、认同的理性选择问题和历史记忆在认同建构中的作用问题。     

族群身份的论述:石门坎花苗知识分子的个案研究

探讨了贵州石门坎第一代的花苗知识分子,如何在20世纪面对西方传教士、国民政府和当地的强势族群时,通过教育的途径,建构其族群身份,并从中为花苗族群获取更多政治、社会和文化上的资源和权力.从中反映出族群精英如何在历史中对个人和族群作出抉择的艰难历程,并指出族群身份的建构是一个不断进行协商和抗争、分化和整合、响应和调适的过程.     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

‘Both an Arab and a woman’: gendered,racialised experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel

Following feminist and postcolonial discourses, this paper uses the concept of ‘everyday experience’ as a tool to trace the social world of educated Palestinian women in Israel. The term refers to the complex array of these women's experiences in racialised and gendered social sites, as well as within the class, religious, and ethnic contexts in the subordinated group and its relations with the dominant Jewish group. Based on 108 in‐depth interviews with Palestinian women citizens of Israel, the paper claims that educated Palestinian women are located in a ‘third place’ between cultural, gender, class, national and racial structures that generates a continual ambivalence. Within this marginal, ‘unhomely’ space women negotiate their own identities and challenge dominant social definitions. Women create various modes of interim spaces and multi‐dimensional, shifting identities for themselves. The ambivalent attitudes generated by the women's experiences expose the possibility of shedding categorising markers. The omnipresent existence of the gendered, racialised regime of knowledge makes every place a potential site of subversion and resistance.     

羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系考察研究

岷江上游羌族宗教信仰是多元混杂的,导致这种现象的产生,既有历史的因素,又有现实的因素.历史的因素可追溯到古羌人时代,从那里我们可寻羌族宗教信仰之渊源的一些踪迹;现实的因素可从羌族地处藏彝走廊,受汉藏文化影响的现状中去采撷一些实际的表现.本文拟就羌族原始宗教信仰中的藏文化因子,羌族天神信仰与藏族民间宗教信仰的渊源,羌族和藏族有关人类起源传说的相似与区分,羌族原始宗教信仰与佛教文化的糅合等方面对羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系作一较为深入的考察分析.     

Identification,the exercise of democracy and the fear of the Other – the June EU referendum in the UK

ABSTRACT

The focus is the oscillation among leave voters in the EU referendum from the exercise of rights - an act of dis-identification – towards the assertion of identity as members of a British community. This was mediated by voters acting in an association of citizens calling on the equalising agency of the British people whilst claiming membership of a locally circumscribed community, perceived as injured, through entanglement with the Other prominent among them Europeans. Hence the recovery of the injured community as the object of the denunciators’ desire for identity coupled with the fear of the Other. Predicated on this was the resumption of class, gender and ethnic roles reflected in division among voters. The denunciation of togetherness with Europeans served leave voters to substitute the exercise of rights with a longing for identity. Instrumental in this was the lack of deliberation in the plebiscite to articulate the will of individual voters through a general will. The ‘direct power’ exercised enabled many to cast away their role as citizen in an attempt to claim their privileges as members of a racially and culturally demarcated British community. Paradoxically, the voters’ unashamed disavowal of their agency as citizens by seeking to restore a divided social world as the source of their identity was represented as an exercise in democracy. To some playing on words was supplemented by the use of force removing the gap between the discursive exclusion of the Other and the continued physical presence of bearers of different races and culture.