辱虐管理、心理安全感知与员工建言

基于中国组织情境中辱虐管理对员工建言行为影响的研究,认为企业上级领导实施辱虐管理,首先会削弱员工的心理安全感,继而影响员工建言行为,心理安全感知是辱虐管理与员工建言之间的关系的中介。此外,研究结论还表明,辱虐管理对心理安全感知的削弱作用会受到员工不确定性规避特质的影响,对于高不确定性规避的员工而言,企业上级领导实施辱虐管理,此类员工感受到的"心理不安全"更强。最后,以来自新疆维吾尔自治区2家石化企业中的258名员工和102名上级领导的配对数据验证了以上理论假设。     

基于社会认知理论的辱虐管理对下属反生产行为作用机制研究北大核心CSSCI

基于社会认知理论,采用来自307家企业的1 912份员工问卷数据,研究了辱虐管理影响下属员工反生产行为的心理认知机制与边界条件。研究发现,辱虐管理对员工反生产行为具有显著的正向预测作用,而心理契约破裂中介了辱虐管理与反生产行为之间的关系,并且员工的自我建构调节了辱虐管理与心理契约破裂和反生产行为之间的关系。研究结果对进一步理解辱虐管理对反生产行为的作用机制具有较为重要的理论和现实意义,也为后续相关研究提供了新的视角。     

辱虐管理影响因素研究述评

辱虐管理是指下属感知到的管理者持续表现出的怀有敌意的言语和非言语行为,但不包括身体接触类的侵犯.大量研究表明,辱虐管理会对员工的心理、态度和行为造成不同程度的负面影响,降低员工的绩效,进而损害组织的效能.深入认识辱虐管理的前因变量,进而探寻应对和消除这一负向领导行为消极影响的管理措施,具有重大的现实和理论意义.为了弥补已有研究对辱虐管理影响因素认识不足的缺陷,本文梳理了2006年以来辱虐管理影响因素研究的重要文献,以攻击行为理论为主要框架,从多个角度对辱虐管理影响因素研究进行了系统回顾和评价.     

基于工作投入与核心自我评价视角的辱虐管理与员工主动行为研究

基于自我决定理论和行为弹性理论,深入研究了辱虐管理为何以及怎样影响员工的主动行为.研究结果表明,主管的辱虐管理对员工的主动行为具有显著的负向影响,而工作投入在辱虐管理与主动行为的关系中起着完全中介作用,即辱虐管理会降低员工在工作中的投入,继而减少了主动行为.同时,核心自我评价会削弱辱虐管理的直接效应和工作投入的间接效应,即相对于低核心自我评价的员工,高核心自我评价的员工较少因为主管的辱虐管理而降低其工作投入,进而较少减少主动行为.     

上级辱虐管理对员工建言行为的影响——来自制造型企业的证据

探讨辱虐管理与建言行为之间的关系,并研究组织自尊和个性控制点在以上关系中的中介和调节作用。以广东省两家大型制造型企业410名下属和111名主管为配对样本,采用验证性因子分析对模型进行检验,运用回归分析方法分析辱虐管理对员工建言行为的影响及其机制,研究组织自尊在其中的中介作用以及员工个性控制点的调节作用。实证结果表明,辱虐管理对员工抑制性建言行为和促进性建言行为均有显著的负向影响,组织自尊在两者之间起到完全中介作用;员工个性控制点对辱虐管理与组织自尊之间的关系具有显著的调节作用,员工个性控制点水平越高(越内控),辱虐管理对组织自尊的负面影响越小;员工个性控制点水平越低(越外控),辱虐管理对组织自尊的负面影响越大。     

应对辱虐管理:下属逢迎与政治技能的作用机制研究

辱虐管理的现有研究主要集中在辱虐管理对下属各种工作后果变量的影响及中介机制的探讨上,少有研究从下属视角出发,关注下属如何应对来自领导的辱虐管理.在理解下属情绪耗竭及离职倾向与主管辱虐管理关系的基础上,本研究认为下属会采取逢迎策略应对辱虐管理以缓解消极后果,但逢迎并不一定能化解来自领导的"辱虐",实际后果取决于逢迎主体拥有的政治技能水平.政治技能高则能达成缓解意图,政治技能低则可能适得其反.通过对北京六家电子制造企业中的283名员工的分析发现:主管辱虐管理对下属情绪耗竭和离职倾向有显著的影响,当下属政治技能较高时,下属采取逢迎行为能缓解辱虐管理的消极影响,而当下属政治技能较低时,下属采取逢迎行为反而会增强辱虐管理的消极影响.     

辱虐管理对下属沉默行为的影响——一个跨层次多特征的调节模型

作为"毒性"领导的一种表现形式,辱虐管理通过影响员工行为而给现代企业组织绩效带来很强的负面影响。然而,对于辱虐管理与员工沉默行为之间的关系,以及这种关系的边界影响因素的探讨仍较为缺乏。从资源保存理论出发,采用来自江苏88家企业的88名主管副总经理与575名下属员工的配对数据,本文研究发现,上级主管的辱虐管理对下属沉默行为具有显著正向预测作用,并且这种正向预测作用受到三个层面边界条件的影响:下属的独立型自我意识越强,工作复杂性越高,以及在高关注员工发展的组织文化中,辱虐管理与下属沉默行为之间的关系越强。本文的研究为我们理解辱虐管理与员工沉默行为的关系提供了新的理论视角。     

基于情绪中介机制的辱虐管理与偏差行为

理清偏差行为的成因和动机机制是偏差行为研究的焦点,但基于本土企业的实证研究相对较少。从员工工作场所情绪感受的视角,应用情感事件理论,探讨消极情绪在辱虐管理与组织偏差行为和主管偏差行为间的中介效应,并比较辱虐管理对两类偏差行为影响的差异性。通过对19家企业、180名管理者和360名下属的配对研究,采用阶层回归进行分析。研究结果表明,辱虐管理显著正向影响两类偏差行为,但员工展现两类偏差行为的倾向并不等同,即员工展现组织偏差行为的倾向强于主管偏差行为的倾向;消极情绪是偏差行为的诱发动机,显著正向影响员工的组织偏差行为和主管偏差行为,并部分中介辱虐管理与两类偏差行为间的关系。     

辱虐管理对建言行为影响及机制

尽管建言行为对于组织变革与发展的意义重大,然而现实中许多员工的建言行为通常并不尽如人意,管理者领导行为的辱虐方式应是非常重要的影响因素之一.本文旨在研究辱虐管理对员工建言行为的影响,并以社会认同理论和文化及价值观为基础,研究组织认同和组织自尊在以上关系所起的中介作用,员工权利距离感在其中的调节作用.研究以广州一家大型制造型企业中302名员工和78名管理者作为研究对象,采用层级回归分析对问卷调查所获得的匹配数据进行分析.结果表明:辱虐管理对员工的建言行为有显著的负向影响,员工的组织认同和组织自尊在其中起完全中介作用;员工的权力距离感越大,辱虐管理对员工的组织认同和组织自尊的负面影响越小.     

辱虐管理从何而来?来自期望理论的解释

本研究旨在从期望理论的角度探究辱虐管理的成因,认为主管的任务难度和任务效价会引发对下属的辱虐管理行为,而主管的负面情绪在这个过程中起中介作用。本文以长沙6家大型制造型企业为样本来源,采用结构化的配对问卷,匹配92名主管和303名员工,层级回归结果表明:(1)任务难度正向影响主管的辱虐管理行为;(2)任务难度正向影响主管的负面情绪;(3)主管负面情绪在任务难度与辱虐管理的关系中起中介作用,同时在任务难度和任务效价的交互效应对辱虐管理的影响过程中起中介作用;(4)主管任务效价负向调节任务难度与负面情绪之间的关系,同时负向调节任务难度与辱虐管理之间的关系。     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.