面向电子商务的企业资源计划:进化与实施

在电子商务时代,ERP面临着应用环境的变革和挑战,如何认识并应对这些挑战以使ERP与企业电子商务有机融合是目前首要的问题。本文认为在电子商务时代,企业所面临的竞争规则、商务模式、管理重心都已发生了重要变化,ERP必须满足基于虚拟集成的合作性价值创造管理、基于事前、事中、事后的商业智能管理、基于SCM、CRM和KM为核心的集约管理以及灵活的体系结构以适应变化的要求和挑战,为此,ERP必须提供集成供应链资源和能力的管理、个性化客户信息服务、知识管理、实时的业务在线分析处理、多层次的实时决策支持的功能。同时认为,改进战略规划、变革管理模式、优化组织结构、重组业务流程、加强知识和人力资源管理几个方面是成功实施ERP,支持电子商务的关键。     

知识的分类及其管理

知识管理是一个寻求数据和信息处理能力与员工的创造和革新能力协作组合的组织过程,其目的是为了提高企业应付外界环境变化的适应、生存和竞争能力。但是,由于知识具有多样性、复杂性和动态性等特征,试图通过一种模式来实施对知识的有效管理是不现实的,也是不可能的。企业要有效地管理知识,应在对企业知识进行分类的基础上,根据企业的经营目标,采取相应的管理策略,因此归纳了5种分类方法显性知识和隐性知识、内部知识和外部知识、个人知识和组织知识、实体知识和过程知识、核心知识和非核心知识,并时各种分类提出了相应的管理策略。     

信息技术治理影响分销渠道敏捷的机理研究

如何获取供应链敏捷是信息系统和运作管理领域共同关注的热点和前沿问题。然而，当前研究主要关注供应链流程柔性或信息技术柔性对于供应链敏捷形成的作用，忽视了供应链环境中如何通过IT治理来实现供应链的分销渠道敏捷。基于IT治理和IT-商务战略匹配理论，本文构建了一个有调节的中介模型来实证研究IT治理、企业间电子商务战略匹配（知识匹配和运作匹配）和环境动荡性影响渠道敏捷的机理。通过对209家被调查企业的数据分析发现：IT治理通过知识匹配和运作匹配对渠道敏捷产生积极正向影响；环境动荡水平越高，运作匹配所发挥的中介作用越强；环境动荡性在IT治理和知识匹配之间存在负向调节作用，而在知识匹配和渠道敏捷之间存在正向调节作用。本文通过融合IT治理和IT-商务战略匹配理论，揭示了焦点企业和渠道伙伴的IT治理对渠道敏捷的作用机理，为供应链敏捷理论贡献新知。     

企业知识管理战略变化的分析模型

在分析企业知识管理战略更新过程的四个阶段的基础上,提出了企业知识管理战略变化的四阶段模型,以研究当前战略的惯性及其所受压力两种主要力量如何影响企业知识管理战略变化,并建立数学模型.运用计算机模拟程序对企业知识管理战略变化过程进行模拟并通过统计学原理分析,得出企业的管理知识水平、企业的技术知识的宽度、企业的主动性以及环境动态性是影响企业知识管理战略变化的四大主要因素.     

管理创新是企业发展的动力

<正>现代企业在市场上竞争,不仅表现在以满足顾客需求为导向的竞争战略和营销战略上,而且更体现在开拓进取、快速反应、创造顾客、超越竞争对手的创新能力上,管理是在动态环境中生存的社会经济系统,他是不断调整系统活动的内容和目标,以适应环境变化的要求,这就是管理的创新,管理创新已成为企业取得持久优势的必备条件。     

建立企业竞争优势的知识管理框架

从知识的角度以及基于知识的企业理论出发,分析和论述了企业如何建立持续竞争优势的知识管理框架.同时分析和论述了为什么成功的企业知识管理需要一个知识共享型的文化以及企业建立和实施知识管理的步骤和如何确保知识管理战略成为企业长期持续竞争优势的基础.     

企业之人力资源管理与知识产权战略

全球经济正处在一个变革的时代,电子信息、生物医药、新能源、新材料等高科技产业已经渗透到经济和社会生活的各个方面,传统的经济模式正向知识经济模式转变,而这种新经济模式是直接建立在知识与信息的生产、扩散和应用的基础上,其焦点是对高新技术的探寻和应用,其核心是人力资本和技术知识。在这具有划时代意义的经济形态转型时期,企业要在竞争中取得优势,取决于其进入或创造与知识相关的市场的能力,以及将这些知识以快速的方式融入产品或服务中提供给用户的能力。与此相对应,企业的人力资源管理也必将发生深刻的变革,如何与企业的技术发展相适应,切实增强企业的创新能力,已成为众多企业必须面对的现实问题。本文愿对企业的人力资源管理如何更好地服务于知识产权战略做一些粗浅探讨,以期为如何提升企业核心竞争力抛砖引玉。     

关于人力资源战略的思考

<正>一、引言许多学者认为人力资源是企业持续竞争优势之源。在迅速变化的知识经济时代,企业组织在取得和保持竞争优势方面面临着挑战。对付这些面临的挑战企业需要雇员的才干、精力和绩效,即企业取得竞争优势的一个主要途径是更有效地进行人力资源开发与管理。二、企业战略和人力资源战略关系的思考人力资源战略指的是与人力资源有关的政策和实践的决策的模式。具体来说人力资源战略是科学地分析预测组织在未来环境变化中     

企业集团核心竞争力战略管理模式探析

一、企业集团战略管理与核心竞争力从20世纪70年代开始,美国一些大公司开始重视战略管理,学术界也在积极探索战略管理的理论和技术,这标志着现代企业管理的发展进入了一个崭新的阶段。核心竞争力是一个公司发展的基础,是一个公司可以获得竞争优势、创造价值及获得高于平均收益的能力。要获得核心竞争力,公司战略管理的模式主要有两种:高于平均水平收益的产业组织模式(简称I/O模式)和高于平均水平收益的资源基础模式(简称RBM模式)。I/O模式是建立在产业组织经济基础之上的,企业获得高于平均水平投资收益率的根本原因在于企业之外的环境因…     

基于组织内部沟通与整合能力的内外部知识整合与创新

作为知识经济时代经济发展基础的知识整合受到理论和实践研究越来越多的关注,如何将企业内外部知识有效整合并创造新知识成为企业在新竞争环境下取得竞争优势的关键.本文从企业内部组织沟通和整合能力的角度出发提出了一个企业内外部知识整合的概念模型,并利用585家企业的知识管理数据验证了该模型.本文的分析和研究结果表明,组织内部部门间的沟通与交流以及知识整合能力为企业内外部知识整合提供了有利的组织环境,外部知识获取本身并不能导致新知识的创造,只有在有效的部门间沟通交流以及发达知识整合能力的条件下,外部获得的知识才能与企业内部知识有效的结合起来创造新的知识.     

Competitive advantage and the information technology industry

In this article, Timo Koski sets the stage by defining more clearly what is meant by “high technology”, and points out that it is by no means synonymous with the electronics industry.He then relates corporate management, corporate strategy and competitive advantage to the information technology industry in Finland. This competitive advantage can be summarized in three aspects: technological ability, product market fit and resource market fit. The dynamics of the information technology industry are also explored, and found to run parallel with business and product life cycles and the globalisation process.The article concludes with the view that information technology, as a business, requires fast-moving and fast-reacting management. However, it is also inextricably linked to global issues, and is prevented from becoming too hectic by being part of long-term corporate management.     

The Effects of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance through Knowledge and Innovation*

Today's information and knowledge society requires new leaders who can confront a reality based on knowledge and foster innovation to achieve improvements in organizational performance. However, organizations sometimes fail to achieve sustainable competitive advantage due to their limited understanding of the relationships between these strategic variables. To date, very little research has analysed the direct and indirect relationships between these variables. Our study seeks to fill this research gap by analysing theoretically and empirically how the leader's perceptions of different intermediate strategic variables related to knowledge (knowledge slack, absorptive capacity, tacitness, organizational learning) and innovation influence the relation between transformational leadership and organizational performance. Based on the literature, we develop a theoretical model that shows the interrelations between these variables. We then test the model using data from 408 Spanish organizations, discuss the findings and provide several implications for business practitioners.     

开放型商业模式NICE属性与价值创造关系的实证研究

企业竞争优势或价值创造的源泉在哪里,或者企业绩效异质性的成因是什么?这一问题一直是战略管理领域的研究焦点。移动互联网时代,企业纷纷通过重塑商业模式来实现转型升级或跨界发展,并将其作为价值创造和竞争优势的一种重要来源。因此,本文旨在以开放型商业模式为研究对象,探讨其内在属性与价值创造之间的关系。首先,本文阐述开放型商业模式的内涵及构成;接着,识别出其内在属性特征,即新颖性(N)、锁定性(I)、互补性(C)、效率性(E);同时,重点借助战略网络理论、新木桶理论、平台经济学等理论基础论证NICE与价值创造间的关系及背后的作用机理,提出理论假设;最后,运用调查问卷和结构方程模型的方法实证检验,且演绎结论的管理含义。本文所使用的数据来源于中国最大的服务交易平台:猪八戒网和EMBA、MBA、EDP等项目课堂。研究表明,开放型商业模式新颖性与企业价值正相关、互补性与顾客价值正相关、效率性与企业价值和伙伴价值均呈正相关关系;而新颖性与顾客价值及伙伴价值正相关;互补性与企业价值及伙伴价值呈正相关关系等结论未得到印证。本文的研究回答了"企业竞争优势或价值创造源泉在哪里?"这一问题,并且本文的理论机理分析和实证结论有利于指导企业创新商业模式并获取竞争优势的战略决策。     

International Strategy and Knowledge Creation: The Advantage of Foreignness and Liability of Concentration

International business scholars increasingly emphasize regional strategies based on an optimal location of downstream sales. There has been less scholarly attention, however, to the relationship between international strategy and upstream knowledge creation including R&D. Building on contemporary strategic management theory and the knowledge‐based view we remedy this. The viability of home‐regional or bi‐regional strategies is based on common assumptions that imply negative consequences of distance and foreignness for downstream sales and marketing and benefits from agglomeration for upstream knowledge creation activities including R&D. In contrast, we propose that upstream knowledge creation, radical innovation in particular, rather gains from distance and foreignness and from being dispersed, suggesting the effectiveness of a global strategy. Based on the resource‐based view and recent research on the economics of strategic opportunities and competitive advantage, we provide theoretical explanations for this. We demonstrate how a global multinational corporation is uniquely equipped with knowledge extensity including heterogeneous social‐identity frames in multiple sub‐units. Thanks to arbitrage advantages between the sub‐units’ separate and often locally embedded knowledge, a global multinational corporation can address complex interdependences and interactions between knowledge sets required for knowledge creation. This suggests that maximum exploration capabilities are made possible by a global rather than a home‐regional or bi‐regional strategy.     

A Resource‐Based View of Strategic IT Alignment: How Knowledge Sharing Creates Competitive Advantage

A critical decision problem for top management, and the focus of this study, is whether the CEO (chief executive officer) and CIO (chief information officer) should commit their time to formal planning with the expectation of producing an information technology (IT)‐based competitive advantage. Using the perspective of the resource‐based view, a model is presented that examines how strategic IT alignment can produce enhanced organizational strategies that yield competitive advantage. One hundred sixty‐one CIOs provided data using a postal survey. Results supported seven of the eight hypotheses. They showed that information intensity is an important antecedent to strategic IT alignment, that strategic IT alignment is best explained by multiple constructs which operationalize both process and content measures, and that alignment between the IT plan and the business plan is significantly related to the use of IT for competitive advantage. Study results raise questions about the effect of CEO participation, which appears to be the weak link in the process, and also about the perception of the CIO on the importance of CEO involvement. The paper contributes to our understanding of how knowledge sharing in the alignment process contributes to the creation of superior organizational strategies, provides a framework of the alignment‐performance relationship, and furnishes several new constructs.     

过程导向的可持续竞争优势因果关系链分析

对可持续竞争优势的外生性分析是基于企业同质性假设,把企业看成黑箱。以资源基础论为主流的内生性分析基于企业异质性假设,突破了企业黑箱,但由于提出了过分宽泛的资源概念,而且专注于对可持续竞争优势的条件特征的讨论和分析,客观上形成了"过程黑箱",影响到该理论的深入发展和管理学应用前景。本论文将能力概念从广义的资源概念中分离出来,在基于能力的新战略观基础上,将"资源-战略-绩效"架构具体化,构造了一个过程导向的可持续竞争优势因果关系链模型。     

Organisationale Einflussfaktoren des Allianzerfolgs – Eine empirische Analyse auf Basis des „resource-based view“

Strategic alliances have become an essential part of business strategy and a central source of competitive advantage for almost any firm. Existing research has mainly focused on the isolated analysis of single alliances. This paper addresses the gap in the literature by analyzing organizational-level determinants of alliances success. Based on survey data from 302 firms, four organizational success factors of alliance management are identified and integrated in a structural model.     

Fitting Management Control Systems to Competitive Advantage

Recent publications suggest that existing management accounting and control systems prevent business unit managers realising their desired competitive advantage. Although the concept of competitive advantage has already been thoroughly discussed in strategy literature, it has not yet been integrated in the management accounting and management control frameworks. Only a limited number of researchers have concentrated on contingency research in this area. Contingency theory simply states that organization structure, process and management control systems are contingent upon various internal and external factors, such as industry, technology, size, culture and strategy (Anthony and Young, 1988; Anthony et al., 1992). This article is an attempt to identify and investigate the management control – strategy relationship. We report the results of our exploratory field research in 18 companies (32 business units). Based on our results, we formulate some hypotheses on the observed characteristics of the management control process in case of low-cost strategy, differentiation strategy in a standard product environment and differentiation strategy for customized products (make to order, engineer to order).