探析新疆少数民族婚育观念的变化及对策

2005年7月,新疆维吾尔自治区计划生育宣传教育中心对新疆境内人口总数达10万以上的维吾尔族、哈萨克族、回族、蒙古族和柯尔克孜族5个少数民族,随机抽取15～49周岁的1万名育龄人口,进行了婚育观念、生育行为的问卷调查,共回收合格问卷8583份。此次调查兼顾到人口比重及城市、农村、牧区等不同特     

民族传统与民族人口

新疆是多民族地区.少数民族人口的发展对于自治区的政治、经济、文化都有重大影响.所以.加强对新疆少数民族人口发展的研究,是必要的.本文试就民族传统与民族人口作个初步探讨,就教于各位专家学者.一、新疆少数民族人口分布及发展的概况新疆少数民族是大聚居、小杂居与大杂居、小聚居互相交错.各少数民族人口分布情况     

浅谈新疆少数民族人口的计划增长问题

少数民族人口的计划增长,是在保证少数民族人口持续增长的前提下,控制人口的盲目增长,使新疆各民族人口质量得到普遍提高。新疆少数民族人口搞计划增长有无必要,如何能切实可行地实行少数民族人口有计划的增长,是一个很值得探讨的问题。这关系到在新疆少数民族人口中搞计划生育能否顺利进行,关系到少数民族人口的真正繁荣和昌盛。一、新疆少数民族人口计划增长的必要性新疆自古就是多民族杂居的地区。解放前,新疆各族人民在历代统治阶段的压迫之下,人口增长极为缓慢,直到解放初的1950     

新疆少数民族人口婚姻状况及其变动趋势分析

本文根据历届人口普查资料及各类有关调查和文献资料,对改革开放以来,新疆的维吾尔族、哈萨克族、回族、蒙古族、柯尔克孜族等五个主要的少数民族人口婚姻状况变动趋势进行综合分析,探索这些少数民族中出现的各类人口婚姻问题,并提出相应的对策与建议。     

新疆少数民族传统养老文化与新疆农村社会养老保障关系研究

新疆农村社会养老保障制度受经济、政治、文化等多种因素的影响,其中文化因素,特别是少数民族养老文化的作用不能忽视。新疆各少数民族长期发展过程中就形成了以家庭养老为核心的特殊的养老文化。这种养老文化对新疆农村社会养老保障的制度的构建起着促进或阻碍的作用。因此,我们应取其精华、去其糟粕,培育具有地方特色的现代养老文化。     

新疆维吾尔族人口离婚率民族及地区差异比较分析

本文根据历届人口普查资料及有关调查和文献资料,对改革开放以来新疆维吾尔族人口离婚率的变动趋势同哈萨克、回、蒙古、柯尔克孜、塔吉克等新疆几个主要少数民族人口的离婚率变动及其地区差异性进行综合比较分析,探索维吾尔族人口离婚率的变动规律性,并提出相应的对策与建议。     

新疆人口结构的民族差异及其问题研究——基于六普数据的分析

中国人口正在经历着转型,过去单纯的人口数量问题变成了人口数量与人口结构并存的问题。新疆汉族生育率低于少数民族,人口结构问题突出,少数民族人口数量和人口结构问题同时存在。研究新疆的人口问题,必须考虑人口结构问题的民族差异。本文基于六普数据,从自然、地域、经济和社会等方面考察了新疆人口结构的民族差异,分析这些差异蕴含的各种显性和潜在的社会问题,并提出对策建议。     

新疆少数民族人口婚姻状况调查

本文根据实地调查资料与历年统计资料,对新疆的维吾尔族、哈萨克族、回族、蒙古族和柯尔克孜族这5个主要少数民族人口的婚姻状况进行综合分析,探讨这些少数民族中出现的各类人口婚姻问题。     

综合研究少数民族人口问题势在必行——记《中国少数民族人口综合研究筹划会》

受国家教委的委托,北京经济学院人口所《中国少数民族综合研究》课题组于1987年1月4日至7日在贵阳市举行了为期四天的少数民族综合研究筹划会。来自北京,广西,贵州的新疆等十三个省,市,自治区的二十九名专家和人口科学工作者参加了这次会议。此次会议开得主题明确,学术气氛浓厚,为中国少数民族的综合研究提供了一个良好的开端。     

民族政策对主要少数民族地区人口发展的影响

中国是一个多民族的国家,共有56个民族,其中55个为少数民族。中华人民共和国成立后,国家十分重视少数民族地区的发展,先后制定和实施了许多民族政策,促进了少数民族人口的健康发展。建立了内蒙古、新疆、宁夏、广西和西藏5个民族自治地区,77个地级单位（包括31个地级市和30个民族自治州）,699个县级区划（包括66个县级市和120个民族自治县（旗））。民族自治地区的总面积为617万平方公里,占全国总面积的64．3％。2005年,少数民族地区人口为17507万人,占全国总人口的13．39％;其中少数民族人口为8239万人,占少数民族地区总人口的47．06％,占全国总人口的6．3％。     

A tentative discussion on family planning problems in Xinjiang's minorities]

The Uighur Autonomous region in Xinjiang includes a number of minority groups such as the Uighur, Kazakh and Hui. The question of how to implement family planning in minority areas if of utmost importance. In February 1982, the State Council decreed that family planning policy for minority groups could justifiably be more lax than for the Han people, who comprise a majority of Chinese population. Instead of advocating 1 child per couple, as is the current national policy, urban minority groups are permitted 2 (with exceptions, 3) children per couple and rural villagers are permitted 3 (with exceptions, 4) children. The 1982 National Census showed that the natural rate of growth for Xinjiang was 13.63/1000 (compared to the national rate of 11.45/1000) with individual minority growth rates as high as 20.11/1000. The area's gross output value cannot keep up with this population increase. Over half of Xinjiang's minorities are of the Islamic faith, which teaches that births are not self-willed. It is crucial to inculcate in them that births can indeed be planned. Also, their custom of early marriage (age 15 for girls and 16 for boys) which leads to a high fertility rate, must be changed. Although Xinjiang's land mass is great, only 38.4% is arable, so the common belief that its population can grow without limit is fallacious. When family planning was being implemented nationwide, for minorities it was only propagandistic. After the population growth for the majority Han was under control, the minority groups declared family planning programs would also benefit them. Symposiums were held contraceptive use became voluntary among many women. The birth rate fell from 22.5/1000 in 1981 to 14.09/1000 in 1985. Family planning also received approval from religious leaders. But because population distribution and growth are uneven in Xinjiang, family planning policy must reflect these differences.     

广东妇女文化素质与生育水平分析

对于不同文化程度的育龄妇女,其生育观念,优生节育知识及在社会和家庭中的角色地位等都存在较大差异,进而影响其生育水平。本文从妇女的婚育年龄,总和生育率,活产子女,生育孩次构成等方面,来分析广东妇女文化素质与生育水平的关系。     

Parental divorce in childhood and demographic outcomes in young adulthood

We investigated the long-term effects of parental divorce in childhood on demographic outcomes in young adulthood, using a British longitudinal national survey of children. Our analyses control for predisruption characteristics of the child and the family, including emotional problems, cognitive’ achievement, and socioeconomic status. The results show that by age 23, those whose parents divorced were more likely to leave home because of friction, to cohabit, and to have a child outside marriage than were those whose parents did not divorce. Young adults whose parents divorced, however, were no more or less likely to marry or to have a child in a marriage. Moreover, even in the divorced group, the great majority did not leave home because of friction or have a child outside marriage.     

西北少数民族地区汉族村落财婚的调查与分析——以张家川恭门镇崖低村为例

财婚是婚姻的一种形式,其核心是聘礼作为缔结婚姻的必要条件。基于西北少数民族地区村落的人类学调查,文章阐述了当前西北农村财婚的现状、存在原因、影响以及与和谐社会构建的关系。     

Divorce and parity progression following the death of a child: A register-based study from Finland

Most studies that have examined whether a child’s death influences parental relationship stability have used small-scale data sets and their results are inconclusive. A likely reason is that child loss affects not only the risk of parental separation, but also the risk of having another child. Hence parity progression and separation must be treated as two competing events in relation to child loss. The analysis in this paper used Finnish register data from 1971 to 2003, covering over 100,000 married couples whose durations of both first marriage and parenthood could be observed. We ran parity-specific Cox regressions in which process time started from the birth of each additional child. All marriages included women of childbearing age, none of whom had experienced any child death on entering the analysis. We find that child loss only modestly influences the divorce risk, whereas its effect on the risk of parity progression is considerable.     

两个少数民族社区的婚姻状况调查与比较研究

本文以两次田野调查为依据,对两个信仰伊斯兰教的少数民族社区进行婚姻状况的比较,由此发现问题并分析原因,最后提出一些建议。     

新疆少数民族女性人才的自我发展意识

从性别规范意识、自我价值意识和自我发展意识三个方面 ,依据全疆的抽样调查及其相关资料 ,以定量和定性两方面探讨了新疆少数民族女性人才的自我发展意识的现状 ,并提出了一些可行性建议     

Child Marriage and Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Bangladesh: A Longitudinal Multilevel Analysis

Child marriage (before age 18) is a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. Worldwide, Bangladesh has the highest prevalence of IPV and very early child marriage (before age 15). How the community prevalence of very early child marriage influences a woman’s risk of IPV is unknown. Using panel data (2013–2014) from 3,355 women first married 4–12 years prior in 77 Bangladeshi villages, we tested the protective effect of a woman’s later first marriage (at age 18 or older), the adverse effect of a higher village prevalence of very early child marriage, and whether any protective effect of a woman’s later first marriage was diminished or reversed in villages where very early child marriage was more prevalent. Almost one-half (44.5 %) of women reported incident physical IPV, and 78.9 % had married before age 18. The village-level incidence of physical IPV ranged from 11.4 % to 75.0 %; the mean age at first marriage ranged from 14.8 to 18.0 years. The mean village-level prevalence of very early child marriage ranged from 3.9 % to 51.9 %. In main-effects models, marrying at 18 or later protected against physical IPV, and more prevalent very early child marriage before age 15 was a risk factor. The interaction of individual later marriage and the village prevalence of very early child marriage was positive; thus, the likely protective effect of marrying later was negated in villages where very early child marriage was prevalent. Collectively reducing very early child marriage may be needed to protect women from IPV.     

Effects of the timing of marriage and first birth of the spacing of subsequent births

Analyzing data from a fifteen-year follow-up survey of high school students originally surveyed in 1957–58 and resurveyed in 1973–74, this paper examines the effects of the timing of marriage and first birth on subsequent child spacing, holding constant the effects of other variables that may be sources of spuriousness. The results suggest that age at first marriage has a causal effect on the occurrence of a short first birth interval and that age at first marriage and premarital pregnancy interact in their effect on the occurrence of a short second birth interval. Age at first marriage has no causal effect on the spacing of the second birth for those whose first child was maritally conceived. The spacing of the first birth, however, appears to have a causal effect on the spacing of the second.     

农村第一代已婚独生子女父母养老心态及其影响因素分析

基于2011年江苏、四川两省720户中老年农民调查数据,以同龄的非独生子女父母为参照,对农村第一代已婚独生子女父母的养老心态及其影响因素进行探索性分析。结果表明,在对待自己养老问题的担心上,独生子女父母的担心程度略高于非独生子女父母。而在子女能否赡养、经济上能否支持、生病时能否照顾上,独生子女父母的担心程度均低于非独生子女父母,在年老时是否感到孤独寂寞上,独生子女父母担心程度略高于非独生子女父母。对独生子女父母养老总体心态的多因素方差分析发现,婚姻状况、亲子关系、子女婚后支持变化、居住条件及生活满意度等变量可能是显著影响研究对象养老心态的重要因素。