供应链整合与NPD绩效:二元创新和技术动荡的作用北大核心CSSCI

本文基于资源依赖理论,建立供应链整合影响NPD绩效有调节的双通道中介模型。利用问卷调研得到的233家企业数据,对该模型进行验证。研究发现,供应链整合有助于提高NPD绩效,二元创新起到部分中介作用。技术动荡加强探索式创新在供应链整合与NPD绩效之间的中介作用。当技术动荡处于较高或较低程度时,供应链整合无法通过利用式创新提高NPD绩效。对双通道模型进行亚群组对比分析,结果表明,无论是否考虑技术动荡的调节作用,在供应链整合与NPD绩效的关系中,探索式创新的中介作用都是显著的,且利用式创新的中介作用都变得不显著。本文结论在明晰供应链整合提高NPD绩效的中介作用机制和边界条件的同时,对企业根据技术动荡情况,合理选择并使用技术创新模式,以借助供应链力量提高NPD绩效具有重要意义。     

大数据能力、供应链协同创新与制造企业运营绩效的关系研究

针对大数据能力对企业运营绩效产生影响的传导机理问题,本文基于资源基础理论与双元创新理论,把大数据能力分为大数据资源整合、深度分析和应用三种能力,供应链协同创新分为突破式和渐进式创新两个维度,建立理论框架模型。本文通过对315份制造企业的有效样本数据进行结构方程实证分析发现:大数据资源整合能力与应用能力对供应链协同创新的突破式创新和渐进式创新两个维度都有显著正向影响,但大数据深度分析能力对供应链协同创新的两个维度都没有显著影响;供应链协同视角下的突破式创新和渐进式创新都对企业运营绩效有正向影响;大数据能力通过供应链协同创新的两个维度间接影响企业运营绩效。其中,渐进式创新在大数据能力各维度与企业运营绩效之间起中介作用,但突破式创新并没有中介作用。研究从理论上揭示了供应链协同创新作为互补资产在大数据能力与企业运营绩效之间的中介作用;从实践上明确企业应提高其大数据能力并重视供应链协同创新从而提高运营绩效。     

基于SEM和B-Z反应的集成供应链合作创新机制与动态演化研究——集成供应链关系质量视角

随着供应链与互联网、物联网深度融合，集成供应链企业间合作创新成为企业创造新模式、开拓新市场的重要路径。为揭示在集成供应链环境特征影响下，集成供应链企业间合作创新中集成供应链集成度、知识协同能力与合作创新绩效之间的作用机制，基于复杂系统理论，借鉴B-Z反应模型，在运用SEM模型对集成供应链企业间合作创新静态机制实证研究基础上，进一步构建三维Logistic动态分析模型，探索集成供应链企业间合作创新动态演进机制。结果表明：集成供应链集成度和知识协同能力对集成供应链企业间合作创新绩效有显著正向影响；集成供应链形成初期，集成度对合作创新绩效的影响效果更为明显；长期而言，在不同集成供应链关系质量作用下，知识协同能力的作用举足轻重，提高知识协同能力有利于合作创新绩效持续提升。     

双元环境下战略人力资源管理影响组织创新的中介机制：企业生命周期视角北大核心CSSCI

当前,环境不确定性已成为组织发展常态,而推动组织创新则是应对环境不确定性的关键。本研究基于动态能力理论与资源基础理论,从企业生命周期视角出发,通过对中国400余家科技研发企业的多源问卷调研发现:首先,外部互动在战略人力资源管理与组织创新绩效间起部分中介作用,其中在研发企业初创期与发展期均不起中介作用,在成熟期起部分中介作用;其次,决策参与在战略人力资源管理与组织创新绩效间不起中介作用,但在发展期起部分中介作用;再次,外部互动与决策参与交互影响组织创新绩效,高互动—高参与组合下,组织创新绩效较高;最后,双元环境对战略人力资源管理与组织创新绩效间具有正向调节作用,在企业初创期不起显著调节效应,在发展期与成熟期起显著调节作用。研究结果揭示了组织学习一致性对组织创新绩效影响的匹配效应,以及双元环境在组织不同发展阶段资源转化进程中的协同效应。     

高层管理支持、环保创新实践与企业绩效——资源承诺的调节作用

本论文基于珠三角地区148家制造企业的问卷调查,对高层管理支持、环保创新实践与企业绩效之间的关系进行实证研究,并进一步验证资源承诺对环保创新实践与企业绩效之间关系的调节作用。研究结果显示:高层管理支持对环保创新实践有显著的正向影响,环保创新实践显著正向作用于企业的环境绩效,但对企业经济绩效没有显著的直接作用,而是会通过环境绩效间接地作用于企业的经济绩效。此外,研究还发现资源承诺对环保创新实践和企业经济绩效之间的关系有正向调节作用。     

战略性转移定价承诺策略下的供应商选择柔性研究

在上游供应商的战略性转移定价承诺策略与下游制造商投资创新决策之间存在着交互作用,笔者将静态环境下的这种交互作用与不同柔性层次下的动态供应网络架构相结合,以供应链路径柔性为切入点,基于承诺的交货提前期、投资创新、产量与供应链收益等供应链绩效维度来探讨战略性转移定价承诺策略下的供应链合作模式相关话题。考虑到AM_j在不同CS_#em/em#之间进行选择的柔性化特征,笔者至少得到如下三个方面的结论:首先,供应网络架构柔性是供应链整体及其各节点企业获取绩效改善的重要途径,与没有柔性相比,完全柔性和部分柔性情形下的供应链绩效均能得到明显改善,而其中又以完全柔性优势最为突出;其次,虽然部分柔性是供应网络架构中较为可行的柔性层次选择,但是,其与完全柔性一样,容易产生供应网络资源的供给与需求失衡现象;第三,不确定性情境下的一体化决策与确定性情境下的转移定价承诺决策对供应链利润绩效所产生的影响取决于供应网络柔性层次以及供应网络节点企业各自的能力特点,进而对供应链整体及其各节点的合作模式和行为取向起着主导作用。     

基于和谐理论的供应链链内企业管理的思考

在竞争日益激烈的国际经济社会中,企业的成败就体现在制度创新中,供应链管理是对管理理念以及管理思维的创新。英国著名供应链专家马丁曾说:市场上只有供应链没有企业,21世纪的竞争不是企业与企业之间的竞争,而是供应链与供应链之间的竞争。现如今市场的需求就是要求企业准确及时的供给,越来越多的企业认识到供应链流程的变化对企业的利润影响。而目前我国大多企业都在寻求一种和谐,在企业内部和谐的基础上提高对供应链的管理创新,从而提高企业的管理绩效。     

基于SCOR模型的供应链绩效评估：一个创新的参数OFE

作为供应链管理的核心组成部分,供应链绩效评估对于供应链及企业的成功运作具有举足轻重的作用。本文基于供应链运作参考模型SCOR中已有的标准评估指标,在大量的供应链实践的基础上,立足于以顾客满意度为导向,致力于量化企业竞争力水平,创新地推导出新的供应链绩效评估参数,即订单履行效率OFE。该参数综合评估订单履行过程中定性和定量两方面的绩效,反应出投入的资源和其相关产出在质和量上的综合相关性。订单履行效率具有多维性、实用性和可操作性的特征,它不仅适用于评估供应链的各个环节,同时也可以作为辅助评估整个供应链管理绩效的指标。     

创业供应链对新企业绩效作用机理:基于组态视角的定性比较研究

当面对愈发激烈的市场竞争时,诸多新企业借助创业与供应链融合实现独特的竞争优势,从而克服与规模和资源相关的劣势。然而,创业供应链的研究仍在起步阶段,已有研究缺乏创业供应链对新企业绩效作用机理的深入探讨。新企业绩效的提升面临着资源约束、合作伙伴机会主义行为等问题,构建创业供应链能力、采取恰当的供应链治理机制,已成为企业整合创业资源和治理外部关系的主要手段。本文以104家汽车供应商新企业为样本,应用组态理论和定性比较分析方法(QCA)整合创业供应链能力层面和治理机制层面的5个条件,揭示影响创业供应链新企业绩效的复杂因果机制。研究结果表明,驱动高绩效的组态解有3条,非高绩效的驱动机制有2条,其中高水平的能力与高水平的治理机制在高绩效组态中同时出现,对提升新企业绩效起到组态作用;而在非高绩效组态,能力和治理机制并未同时出现。本文的研究结论揭示了高绩效与非高绩效的驱动机制存在的非对称性关系,有助于深化对新企业关键要素替代性与互补性的理解,并为供应链新企业绩效提升提供卓有成效的建议。     

制造业单项冠军企业数字创新战略及其适配组态研究

数字技术是否显著冲击了企业创新活动的要素构成与资源配置关系，直接影响着制造业单项冠军企业数字创新战略的制定，也是引导制造企业在数字化情境下优化创新要素、提升资源配置效率的核心问题。基于“迈尔斯—斯诺”战略类型分析框架，使用制造业单项冠军企业上市样本数据，以多因素组态视角分析了动态能力（感知能力/整合能力）、冗余资源、环境动态性与数字创新（探索式/利用式数字创新）4个前因条件对企业绩效的组态效应，并对典型案例进行了验证性分析，研究发现：（1）存在4类能够产生高企业绩效的数字创新适配组态：“捕获—突破”型、“编排—开拓”型、“协同—共创”型与“自驱—并创”型。前两类可归纳为探索式数字创新战略模式，后两类可归纳为双元数字创新战略模式；（2）高环境动态性下，强感知能力是制造业单项冠军企业通过探索式数字创新战略模式获取高绩效的关键条件；（3）非高环境动态性下，高冗余资源与单一动态能力（感知能力/整合能力）是制造业单项冠军企业通过双元数字创新战略模式产生高绩效的关键条件；（4）科技型制造企业更倾向于探索式数字创新战略模式，而传统制造领域企业在资源充盈时更倾向于双元数字创新战略模式。本文研究结论一方...     

基于差距分析的绿色供应链标杆测评

绿色供应链从战略高度对组织的实践活动进行环境管理,通过提高资源利用率,消除废弃物,减少业务活动对环境的影响,可以赢得企业在革新和经营上的竞争优势.文章对比了反向供应链与绿色供应链在功能上的不同,采用基于差距分析法的标杆测评,评估了供应链的绿色度,绘制的蛛网图可反映出当前供应链与目标供应链之间的绿色度差距.企业可以据此来优化供应链的业务流程,合理配置资源.     

Frugal innovation for supply chain sustainability in SMEs: multi-method research design

Abstract

In this study, we attempt to establish the missing links between supply chain sustainability and frugal innovation. Our study motivations stem from two facets of the emerging markets: first, the institutional barriers and, second, the resource constraints. We argue that there is a synergy in the concepts of frugal innovation and sustainability in supply chains and there is a need to further explore this synergy. Furthermore, we claim that even in the wake of many success stories in the frugal innovative supply chain management practices from emerging markets such as India, there are very few, if any, attempts made to understand the implications of a sustainability oriented frugal innovations in the particular context. To address this gap, we develop a model to establish the linkage between sustainable supply chains and frugal innovations. Our proposed conceptual framework depicts the hierarchy and interlinks of the identified enablers in developing sustainability oriented frugal innovative capabilities in supply chains. Furthermore, we have empirically validated our theoretical framework using survey data. We observed that most of the interpretive links are supported. These findings extend the understanding of frugal innovation for supply chain sustainability using multi-method research design, while also providing theoretically guidance to managers in the development of frugal innovation capability to achieve sustainability in supply chain in resource constrained environment.     

An interdependent layered network model for a resilient supply chain

This paper addresses the problem of designing supply chains that are resilient to natural or human-induced extreme events. It focuses on the development of efficient restoration strategies that aid the supply chain in recovering from a disruption, thereby limiting the impact on its customers. The proposed restoration model takes into account possible disruptions to infrastructures, e.g., transportation and communications, by explicitly formulating their logical relationships with supply chains. A problem solving process is proposed that provides for cooperation between the managers of the infrastructures and the managers of the supply chains disrupted by an extreme event. Both the model and the problem solving process are exercised with a realistic industry problem.     

零售商主导下促进绿色产品需求的联合研发契约协调研究

针对绿色环保产品价格过高,阻碍其成为主流消费品这一现实问题,在绿色经济背景下,探讨零售商向负责绿色研发成本投入的制造商提供不同联合研发契约时的供应链均衡策略和协调问题。以零售商主导的双边垄断型绿色供应链为研究对象,在考虑消费者环保意识、产品绿色度水平、价格等多种因素影响需求的基础上,分别探讨批发价契约、成本分担契约和两部制契约对绿色产品需求、供应链成员利润及渠道利润的影响。结果表明,成本分担契约无法实现供应链成员利润的Pareta改进;一定条件下,两部制契约可以实现供应链成员利润的双赢,并提高绿色产品的市场需求。此外,虽然消费者环保意识的提高并不总是会带来绿色产品市场需求的增加,但却总是会使得绿色供应链的利润提高;并且较高的消费者环保意识将激励企业追求一个较低的绿色成本系数,从而促使企业积极进行绿色技术创新努力。     

供应链的利润博弈与均衡定价

供应链涉及多个利益主体,优化供应链的全局效益需要成员企业的协调来实现。效率评估的非参数法应用广泛,但是单纯的效率优化未考虑资源的可替代性和再分配,忽视了投入(产出)结构调整释放的优化空间。对于效率分解,取折衷或单边最优的方案不完全符合企业追求各自利益最大化的目标。本文针对两级供应链的利润优化问题建立一般化的分析框架,同时考虑了技术进步和资源可替代性的影响,对成员企业的利润博弈展开讨论,探讨了合作博弈如何促成供应链实现集权模式下的最优。通过建立议价模型得出了纳什均衡基础上的成员企业最优利润组合,并给出了实现最优分配方案的中间产品均衡定价。     

Using Fairness Models to Improve Equity in Health Delivery Fleet Management

Inefficiency and inequity are two challenges that plague humanitarian operations and health delivery in resource‐limited regions. Increasing capacity in humanitarian and health delivery supply chains is one option that has the potential to improve equity while maintaining efficiency. For example, the nonprofit organization Riders for Health has worked to increase capacity by providing reliable transportation to health workers in rural parts of sub‐Saharan Africa; with more motorcycle hours at their disposal, health workers can perform more outreach to outlying communities. We develop a model using a family of fairness function to quantify the efficiency and equity of health delivery as capacity is increased via development programs. We present optimal resource allocations under utilitarian, proportionally fair, and egalitarian objectives and extend the model to include dual modes of transport and diminishing returns of subsequent outreach visits. Finally, we demonstrate how to apply our model at a regional level to provide support for humanitarian decision makers such as Riders for Health. We use data from the baseline phase of our evaluation trial of Riders for Health in Zambia to quantify efficiency and equity for one real‐world scenario.     

A tradeoff model for green supply chain planning:A leanness-versus-greenness analysis

This article presents a tactical supply chain planning model that can be used to investigate tradeoffs between cost and environmental degradation including carbon emissions, energy consumption and waste generation. The proposed model also incorporates other aspects of real world supply chains such as multiple transport lot sizing and flexible holding capacity of warehouses. A solution methodology, the Nested Integrated Cross-Entropy (NICE) method, is developed to solve the proposed mixed-integer nonlinear mathematical model. The application of the model and solution method is investigated in an actual case problem. Analysis of the numerical results focuses on investigating the relationship between lean practices and green outcomes. We find that (1) not all lean interventions at the tactical supply chain planning level result in green benefits, and (2) a flexible supply chain is the greenest and most efficient alternative when compared to strictly lean and centralized situations.     

资源政策调整对减排和环境福利影响——以煤炭资源税改革为例

随着环境污染加剧,我国减排形势日益严峻,但目前资源政策设计过度关注社会经济影响,较少涉及减排和环境福利,不利于生态文明建设和社会可持续发展.本文构建动态可计算一般均衡模型(dynamic computable general equilibrium,简称动态CGE模型),以煤炭资源税改革为研究对象模拟资源政策调整的长期影响,分别采用煤炭资源税率调整和资源价值补偿政策场景,探索资源政策调整对促进减排和改善环境福利的作用.研究表明:总体而言,资源政策调整有利于促进减排和环境福利,但不同政策方案设计产生的影响差异性较大;煤炭资源税率提高会在一定程度上抑制资源消费,提高资源利用效率和人均资源盈余,降低环境损失;而资源价值补偿政策实施将对我国环境质量改善产生积极作用,可以有效提高环境福利;因此,在减排和环境福利综合视角下,煤炭资源税改革必须注重资源政策方案设计的协调性和完整性,才能有效发挥资源政策对环境系统的有效引导和激励作用.     

Sustainable Operations Management

Operations management researchers and practitioners face new challenges in integrating issues of sustainability with their traditional areas of interest. During the past 20 years, there has been growing pressure on businesses to pay more attention to the environmental and resource consequences of the products and services they offer and the processes they deploy. One symptom of this pressure is the movement towards triple bottom line reporting (3BL) concerning the relationship of profit, people, and the planet. The resulting challenges include integrating environmental, health, and safety concerns with green‐product design, lean and green operations, and closed‐loop supply chains. We review these and other “sustainability” themes covered in the first 50 issues of Production and Operations Management and conclude with some thoughts on future research challenges in sustainable operations management.     

Eco-efficient supply chain networks: development of a design framework and application to a real case study

This paper presents a supply chain network design framework that is based on multi-objective mathematical programming and that can identify ‘eco-efficient’ configuration alternatives that are both efficient and ecologically sound. This work is original in that it encompasses the environmental impact of both transportation and warehousing activities. We apply the proposed framework to a real-life case study (i.e. Lindt & Sprüngli) for the distribution of chocolate products. The results show that cost-driven network optimisation may lead to beneficial effects for the environment and that a minor increase in distribution costs can be offset by a major improvement in environmental performance. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge on eco-efficient supply chain design and closes the missing link between model-based methods and empirical applied research. It also generates insights into the growing debate on the trade-off between the economic and environmental performance of supply chains, supporting organisations in the eco-efficient configuration of their supply chains.