Threshold autoregression analysis for finite-range time series of counts with an application on measles data

This article studies the threshold autoregression analysis for the self-exciting threshold binomial autoregressive processes. Parameters' point estimation and interval estimation problems are considered via the empirical likelihood method. A new algorithm to estimate the threshold value of the threshold model is also given. Simulation study is conducted for the evaluation of the developed approach. An application on measles data is provided to show the applicability of the method.     

Control charts for fraction nonconforming in a bivariate binomial process

Many multivariate quality control techniques are used for multivariate variable processes, but few work for multivariate attribute processes. To monitor multivariate attributes, controlling the false alarms (type I errors) and considering the correlation between attributes are two important issues. By taking into account these two issues, a new control chart is presented to monitor a bivariate binomial process. An example is illustrated for the proposed method. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, a simulation study is conducted to compare the results with those using both the multivariate np chart and skewness reduction approaches. The results show that the correlation is taken into account in the designed chart and the overall false alarm is controlled at the nominal value. Moreover, the process shift can be quickly detected and the variable that is responsible for a signal can be determined.     

A backward construction and simulation of correlated Poisson processes

In this paper, we consider a generalisation of the backward simulation method of Duch et al. [New approaches to operational risk modeling. IBM J Res Develop. 2014;58:1–9] to build bivariate Poisson processes with flexible time correlation structures, and to simulate the arrival times of the processes. The proposed backward construction approach uses the Marshall–Olkin bivariate binomial distribution for the conditional law and some well-known families of bivariate copulas for the joint success probability in lieu of the typical conditional independence assumption. The resulting bivariate Poisson process can exhibit various time correlation structures which are commonly observed in real data.     

Autoregressive moving-average convolution processes on the unit circle

ARMA convolution models for processes in continuous space (in this case the unit circle) and discrete time are derived as a natural extension of the usual Box-Jenkins models. Both weakly time-stationary and nonstationary processes are considered. Sufficient conditions for the existence of weakly time-stationary AR_cMA_c processes are derived, and the covariance functions for some processes are computed. It is demonstrated that the usual scalar and multivariate ARMA processes can be embedded within the larger class of AR_CMA_c models. A possible application of these models to sea-surface temperature prediction is discussed.     

Rates of convergence of autocorrelation estimates for periodically correlated autoregressive Hilbertian processes

Autoregressive Hilbertian (ARH) processes are of great importance in the analysis of functional time series data and estimation of the autocorrelation operators attracts the attention of various researchers. In this paper, we study estimators of the autocorrelation operators of periodically correlated autoregressive Hilbertian processes of order one (PCARH(1)), which is an extension of ARH(1) processes. The estimation method is based on the spectral decomposition of the covariance operator and considers two main cases: known and unknown eigenvectors. We show the consistency in the mean integrated quadratic sense of the estimators of the autocorrelation operators and present upper bounds for the corresponding rates.     

Inversion of the Renewal Density with Dead-time

Stationary renewal point processes are defined by the probability distribution of the distances between successive points (lifetimes) that are independent and identically distributed random variables. For some applications it is also interesting to define the properties of a renewal process by using the renewal density. There are well-known expressions of this density in terms of the probability density of the lifetimes. It is more difficult to solve the inverse problem consisting in the determination of the density of the lifetimes in terms of the renewal density. Theoretical expressions between their Laplace transforms are available but the inversion of these transforms is often very difficult to obtain in closed form. We show that this is possible for renewal processes presenting a dead-time property characterized by the fact that the renewal density is zero in an interval including the origin. We present the principle of a recursive method allowing the solution of this problem and we apply this method to the case of some processes with input dead-time. Computer simulations on Poisson and Erlang (2) processes show quite good agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental measurements on simulated data.     

Some results on unilateral ARMA lattice processes

This paper presents several linked results on unilateral autoregressive moving average processes on a rectangular lattice. It is shown that axially symmetric two-dimensional quadrant processes must be separable. Exact forms for the inverse variance matrix are obtained in some cases, which allow exact Gaussian maximum likelihood estimation and simulation. It is shown that generating functions can be used for extrapolation. The herringbone simulation method is discussed.     

Covariance analysis and associated spectra for classes of nonstationary processes

In 1951, Cramér introduced a class of nonstationary processes. This broad class of processes contains the important harmonizable and stationary classes of processes. The Cramér class can have additional structure imposed upon it through Cesàro summability considerations. These refined Cramér classes, termed (c,p)-summable Cramér, have recently been considered by Swift (in: M.M. Rao (Ed.), Real and Stochastic Analysis: Recent Advances, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1997, p. 303). In this paper, the relationship between the (c,p)-summable Cramér classes and the (KF,p) classes of processes introduced by Rao in 1985 is considered. The (KF,p) classes of processes are a generalization of the class of processes considered by Kampé de Feriet and Frenkiel. A continuity theorem for the (KF,p) classes is obtained. This result yields a spectral representation for the (KF,p) classes. Some (KF,p) class processes are shown to arise as the solution to a difference equation obtained from a linear model of a noisy communication channel.     

Empirical and rank processes of observations and residuals

Empirical and rank processes of a sample are shown to converge under weak conditions. These results are then extended to analogous empirical and rank processes formed from the residuals of a linear model. Representations of the limiting processes are obtained by means of a special construction. The technicalities are honed to require few regularity conditions.     

Binomial AR(1) processes with innovational outliers

Abstract

Binomial integer-valued AR processes have been well studied in the literature, but there is little progress in modeling bounded integer-valued time series with outliers. In this paper, we first review some basic properties of the binomial integer-valued AR(1) process and then we introduce binomial integer-valued AR(1) processes with two classes of innovational outliers. We focus on the joint conditional least squares (CLS) and the joint conditional maximum likelihood (CML) estimates of models’ parameters and the probability of occurrence of the outlier. Their large-sample properties are illustrated by simulation studies. Artificial and real data examples are used to demonstrate good performances of the proposed models.     

Interacting neighbour point processes: Some models for clustering

We introduce a class of spatial point processesinteracting neighbour point (INP) processes, where the density of the process can be written by means of local interactions between a point and subsets of its neighbourhood but where the processes may not be Ripley-Kelly Markov processes with respect to this neighbourhood. We show that the processes are iterated Markov processes defined by Hayat and Gubner (1996). Furthermore, we pay special attention to a subclass of interacting neighbour processes, where the density belongs to the exponential family and all neighbours of a point affect it simultaneously. A simulation study is presented to show that some simple processes of this subclass can produce clustered patterns of great variety. Finally, an empirical example is given.     

Inference on the asymptotic behavior of covariance operator of first-order periodically correlated autoregressive Hilbertian processes

This paper is devoted to a study on the structure of tensorial products of periodically correlated autoregressive (PCAR) processes with values in separable Hilbert spaces. It will be demonstrated that the resulting processes are PCAR with values in the space of Hilbert–Schmidt operators. These processes are applied while studying the convergence rate, limiting behavior and asymptotic distribution of the empirical estimators of the covariance operators of PCAR processes.     

On Comparison of Stopping Times in Sequential Procedures for Exponential Families of Stochastic Processes

For curved ( k + 1), k -exponential families of stochastic processes a natural and often studied sequential procedure is to stop observation when a linear combination of the coordinates of the canonical process crosses a prescribed level. For such procedures the model is, approximately or exactly, a non-curved exponential family. Subfamilies of these stopping rules defined by having the same Fisher (expected) information are considered. Within a subfamily the Bartlett correction for a point hypothesis is also constant. Methods for comparing the durations of the sampling periods for the stopping rules in such a subfamily are discussed. It turns out that some stopping times tend to be smaller than others. For exponential families of diffusions and of counting processes the probability that one such stopping time is smaller than another can be given explicity. More generally, an Edgeworth expansion of this probability is given     

ASYMPTOTIC POSTERIOR NORMALITY FOR STOCHASTIC PROCESSES: A NON-ERGODIC EXAMPLE

Sweeting & Adekola (1987) presented a fairly general set of conditions, covering a wide class of problems, that establish asymptotic posterior normality for stochastic processes. In this paper, this theory is illustrated via a non-ergodic example, namely, the class of non-homogeneous birth processes.     

Strong approximation of empirical copula processes by Gaussian processes

In this paper, we provide the strong approximation of normalized empirical copula processes by a Gaussian process. In addition, we establish a strong approximation of the smoothed empirical copula processes and a law of iterated logarithm.     

Innovative methods for modeling of scale invariant processes

This paper presents some innovative methods for modeling discrete scale invariant (DSI) processes and evaluation of corresponding parameters. For the case where the absolute values of the increments of DSI processes are in general increasing, we consider some moving sample variance of the increments and present some heuristic algorithm to characterize successive scale intervals. This enables us to estimate scale parameter of such DSI processes. To present some superior structure for the modeling of DSI processes, we consider the possibility that the variations inside the prescribed scale intervals show some further self-similar behavior. Such consideration enables us to provide more efficient estimators for Hurst parameters. We also present two competitive estimation methods for the Hurst parameters of self-similar processes with stationary increments and prove their efficiency. Using simulated samples of some simple fractional Brownian motion, we show that our estimators of Hurst parameter are more efficient as compared with the celebrated methods of convex rearrangement and quadratic variation. Finally we apply the proposed methods to evaluate DSI behavior of the S&P500 indices in some period.     

Extended binomial AR(1) processes with generalized binomial thinning operator

Abstract

In this article, we introduce an extended binomial AR(1) model based on the generalized binomial thinning operator. This operator relaxes the independence assumption of the binomial thinning operator and contains dependent Bernoulli counting series. The new model contains the binomial AR(1) model as a particular case. Some probabilistic and statistical properties are explored. Estimators of the model parameters are derived by conditional maximum likelihood (CML), conditional least squares (CLS) and weighted conditional least squares (WCLS) methods. Some asymptotic properties and numerical results of the estimators are studied. The good performance of the new model is illustrated, among other competitive models in the literature, by an application to the monthly drunken driving counts.     

On the Multivariate Two-Sample Problem Using Strong Approximations of Empirical Copula Processes

In this article, we establish optimal rates for the strong approximation of empirical copula processes in ?² by sequences of Gaussian processes. These results are applied to investigate Cramér–von Mises-type statistics.     

Approximate wavelet-based simulation of long memory processes

In this article, we investigate an algorithm for the fast O(N) and approximate simulation of long memory (LM) processes of length N using the discrete wavelet transform. The algorithm generates stationary processes and is based on the notion that we can improve standard wavelet-based simulation schemes by noting that the decorrelation property of wavelet transforms is not perfect for certain LM process. The method involves the simulation of circular autoregressive process of order one. We demonstrate some of the statistical properties of the processes generated, with some focus on four commonly used LM processes. We compare this simulation method with the white noise wavelet simulation scheme of Percival and Walden [Percival, D. and Walden, A., 2000, Wavelet Methods for Time Series Analysis (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).].