论同人作品的合理使用——以中美合理使用制度差异为切入点

同人作品作为一种特殊的作品给现行的著作权法带来挑战,其与原作品的依附关系模糊了合理使用与侵权使用的界限。美国司法实践中对同人作品的合理使用采用"四要素标准",而中国合理使用制度中列举规定了12种使用情形并采用"三步检验标准",两者之间存在适用上的差异。中国应该学习美国合理使用制度的转换性使用,打破封闭僵化的使用制度,增加例外情形,扩大合理使用范围。     

对大学生佩戴隐形眼镜的现状研究

了解大学生隐形眼镜使用情况及对安全使用知识的掌握使用行为规范情况,并分析原因。大学生对隐形眼镜安全使用知识不够了解,应介绍相关知识,规范其安全使用行为,保护眼睛健康。     

上海港岸电建设使用的发展历程、政策举措及社会效益分析

建设使用岸电设施是减少靠港船舶废气污染、促进港口可持续发展的重要手段.文章梳理了上海港岸电设施建设使用历程,分析了支撑上海港岸电建设使用的政策举措,提出了靠港船舶使用岸电的社会效益评价方法,并对2020年上海港靠港船舶使用岸电的社会效益进行了测算.在此基础上,提出了上海港未来岸电建设使用的发展方向,有利于推进岸电设施建...     

特种设备使用管理的特殊性

在特种设备的生产、使用、检验检测及其监督检查环节中,使用是＂实现＂其内在品质功能的主要环节,也是易引发事故的环节。高耗能特种设备又是浪费能源大户,因此也是特种设备管理的重要环节。本文详细论述了特种设备使用单位应如何遵守特种设备使用管理的特殊要求,加强特种设备使用管理。     

互联网使用与青年群体的身心健康：人际交往与网络依赖的中介效应分析

文章关注了互联网使用状况与青年群体身心健康之间的关系及其作用机制。研究发现，互联网使用总体能够提升青年群体的健康水平，对其身心健康产生积极正向的影响。进一步的中介效应分析显示，互联网使用对青年群体身心健康的影响部分通过对现实人际交往改变以及网络依赖程度两条路径来实现。一方面，互联网的使用能够拉近人与人之间的距离、改善人际关系，对青年群体的身心健康产生积极作用；另一方面，频繁的互联网使用也会导致网络依赖程度增强，造成网络成瘾、迷失现实等不良的互联网使用后果，从而对青年群体的心理健康产生不利的影响。研究总体支持了互联网使用的积极效应论，即互联网使用对青年群体的总体影响利大于弊，但仍然需要警惕不良的互联网使用习惯，从而更好地发挥互联网的积极作用、避免消极作用带来的负面影响。     

数学类文章英文摘要的语言特点分析

使用参数估计法、方差分析和假设检验法,分析国内外各10种著名的数学类期刊的时态、语态和人称,结果发现国外期刊更多使用主动语态和第一人称,而国内期刊则更多使用被动语态和第三人称;在时态方面,国外期刊更多使用一般现在时。     

中老年人微信使用情况与主观幸福感的关系调查

本文通过问卷对45岁以上的中老年人微信使用情况与其主观幸福感进行调查发现:中老年人对微信使用程度低且偏向使用个别微信功能,在某些微信功能上使用存在性别差异,主观幸福感指数偏高且他们的微信使用程度与主观幸福感有极显著负相关,与其激越、孤独与不满均有极显著负相关;使用微信查找附近的人、小程序、美团外卖功能的频率与其对年龄的态度有显著负相关。     

上海国际金融中心建设过程中的人民币跨境使用

随着跨境贸易人民币结算试点的开展以及向更广领域的拓展,人民币跨境使用逐步从边境贸易、跨境旅游等小范围走向国际贸易结算、贸易融资、跨境直接投资等更加广泛的领域,人民币提升国际地位迎来重大发展机遇。人民币跨境使用的扩大,有利于上海国际金融中心建设,上海国际金融中心建设也将推动人民币跨境使用的进一步发展。推动人民币的跨境使用、建设上海国际金融中心符合我国的核心战略利益。人民币资本项下的不完全可兑换,是影响人民币跨境使用的因素之一,也是制约上海国际金融中心建设的因素之一。应根据人民币可兑换进程的发展,研究探索人民币跨境使用的形式,推动人民币跨境使用规模的扩大。亚洲、拉美以及非洲是推动人民币跨境使用的境外重点区域。应鼓励我国在涉外经济中掌握主动权的行业和企业使用人民币进行跨境收付,同时推动官方涉外经济活动更加广泛地使用人民币。要根据人民币跨境使用的需要,不断取消人民币可兑换方面的限制,通过推动境内金融市场对外开放、支持中资金融机构拓展跨境业务、完善人民币跨境支付清算体系等扩大人民币的跨境使用,并以此推动上海国际金融中心建设。     

汽车使用维修课中目标教学法的探索实践 ——以"汽缸体的使用维护"教学为例

汽车使用维修是中等职业学校汽修专业学生的必修课.汽车的结构比较复杂,熟悉和了解它的使用维护知识对于中职校汽修专业的学生来说有着极其重要的意义.汽车使用维修概括起来分四大部分:汽车整车的使用维护、汽车发动机的使用维护、汽车底盘的使用维护、汽车电系的使用维护.笔者以"汽车发动机的使用维护"中的"汽缸体的使用维护"教学为例,介绍在汽车使用维修课中采用目标教学法的过程与体会.     

积极使用液化石油气作汽车燃料

该文指出液化石油气作为汽车燃料使用的各种优点,介绍液化石油气作为汽车燃料使用的方法,提出应大力推广使用液化石油气作汽车燃料。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
A Social-Contract Theory of Organizations . Michael Keeley. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1988, 245 pp. plus references and index.
Disturbing the Nest: Family Change and Decline in Modern Societies . David Popenoe. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1988, 390 pages, $49.95, hardback, $24.95, cloth.
Advancing Communication Science: Merging Mass and Interpersonal Processes . Edited by Robert P. Hawkins, John M. Wieman, and Suzanne Pingree. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications, 1988, 312 pp., paperback.
On the Take: From Petty Crooks to Presidents , 2nd ed. William Chambliss. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988, 301 pages.
Methodology and Epistemology for Social Science . Donald T. Campbell. Selected papers edited by E. Samuel Overman. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1988, 609 pages, $62.50, cloth.
Technology and Justice . George Grant. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1986, 133 pages, paperback.
Emile Durkheim and the Reformation of Sociology . Stjepan G. Mestrovic. Totawa, NJ: Rowan and Littlefield, 1988, 156 pp.
Certainties and Doubts: Collected Papers, 1962–1985 . George Caspar Homans. New Brunswick: Transaction Books, 1987, 420 pages, $34.95, hardback.
Strong Mothers, Weak Wives . Miriam Johnson. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1988, 347 pp.
Jürgen Habermas . Michael Pusey. London: Tavistock Publications, 1987, 128 pages, paperback; and New York: Routledge, 1988, $22.50, cloth, Can. $31.50; $8.95, paperback, Can. $13.00.
The World We Created at Hamilton High . Gerald Grant. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988, 2825 pages, $24.95, hardback     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Environmental Sociology: A Social Constructionist Perspective, by John A. Hannigan. New York: Routledge, 1995, 236 pages. Paper, $18.95. It is important to note, however, that environmental risks and problems as socially constructed entities need not undercut legitimate claims about the condition of the environment, thereby denying them an objective reality…. Similarly, social constructionism does not deny the independent causal powers of nature but rather asserts that the rank ordering of these problems by social actors does not always directly correspond to actual need. (p. 30) Challenging Codes: Collective Action in the Information Age, by Alberto Melucci. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996,441 pages. Cloth, $34.95. Reconfiguring the Truth: Postmodernism, Science Studies, and the Search for a New Model of Knowledge, by Steven C. Ward. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Little-field, 1996, 184 pages. Cloth, $52.50; paper, $21.95. One Dies, Get Another: Convict Leasing in the American South, 1866–1928, by Matthew J. Mancini. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1996, 293 pages. Cloth, $34.95. Becoming American, Becoming Ethnic: College Students Explore Their Roots, edited by Thomas Dublin. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996, 241 pages. Paper, $18.95. The Occupation of Alcatraz Island: Indian Self-Determination and the Rise of Indian Activism, by Troy R. Johnson. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1996, 273 pages. Paper, $16.95. The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity, by George L. Mosse. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996, 232 pages. Cloth, $25.00. Women, Work, and Gender Relations in Developing Countries: A Global Perspective, edited by Parvin Ghorayshi and Claire Belanger. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1996, 246 pages. Cloth, $59.95. Muslim Politics, by Dale F. Eickelman and James Piscatori. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996, 235 pages. Cloth, $39.50; paper, $13.95. Asian American Women and Men: Labor, Laws, and Love, by Yen Le Espiritu. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1997, 146 pages. Cloth, $35.00; paper, $14.95. Desert Capitalism: Maquiladoras in North America's Western Industrial Corridor, by Kathryn Kopinak. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1996, 232 pages. Cloth, $45.00.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Block, Joel D. To Marry Again ,
Lorimer, Anne with Feldman, Philip, Remarriage ,
Carter, Elizabeth A. & McGoldrick, Monica. The family life cycle .
Fried, Edrita, The courage to change ,
Haley, Jay. Leaving home: The therapy of disturbed young people .
Madanes, Cloé. Strategic family therapy .
Hess, Allen K., (Ed.), Psychotherapy supervision: Theory, research, practice .
Minuchin, Salvador and Fishman, Charles H. Family therapy techniques .
Schwartz, Gary and Merten, Don; with Behan, Fran and Rosenthal, Allyne. Love and Commitment ,
Singer, Laura J. Stages: The crises that shape your marriage .
Stahmann, Robert F., and Hiebert, William J. Premarital counseling .
Straus, Murray A., & Hotaling, Gerald T. (Eds.). The social causes of husband-wife violence .
Strean, Herbert S. The extramarital affair .
Tymchuk, Alexander J. Parent and family therapy: An integrative approach to family interventions .
Woody, Robert H. (Ed.) Encyclopedia of clinical assessment .     

Abstracts

Chessick, R. D. The sad soul of the psychiatrist. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic , 1978, 42 , 1–9.
Greenberg, G. S. The family international perspective: A study and examination of the work of Don D. Jackson. Family Process , 1977, 16 , 385–112.
Hines, P. M. & Hare-Mustin, R. T. Ethical concerns in family therapy. Professional Psychology , 1978, 9 , 165–171.
Keshet, H. F. & Rosenthal, K. M. Fathering after marital separation. Social Work , 1978, 23 , 11–18.
Loewenstein, S. An overview of some aspects of female sexuality. Social Casework , 1978, 59 , 106–115.
Mace, D. R. & Mace, V. C. Measure your marriage potential: A simple test that tells couples where they are. The Family Coordinator , 1978, 27 , 63–67.
Wexler, J. & Steidl, J. Marriage and the capacity to be alone. Psychiatry , 1978, 41 , 72–82.     

An Introduction to the Social Psychology of Insults in Organizations

The author argues that insults are an importantsocial and organizational phenomenon, which causespowerful emotions and enters people's personalhistories. It is suggested that insults involve aperpetrator, a target and, often, an audience. The intentionto insult is not necessary, as some insults are theresult of misunderstanding or accident. However, theexperience of being gratuitously offended and the corresponding feelings of shame, guilt, andanger are fundamental to insults. Several types ofinsults are observed, such as exclusion, stereotyping,obliteration of significant identity details,ingratitude, scapegoating, rudeness, broken promises, beingignored or kept waiting. Even more potent insults resultfrom the defamation or despoiling of idealized objects,persons, or ideas. Different insult dynamics are noted; these include an apology, acommensurate retaliation, a disproportionate retaliationand possible escalation, a retaliation against asurrogate and weaker target than the perpetrator of theinitial insult, an affected indifference with apossible delayed retaliation, or more commonly aresigned tolerance which may fuel subsequent insults.Insults as well as retaliation and resistance to themare part of an organization's political process whichestablishes, first, lines of domination/subordination,second, finer gradations of status and power, i.e., apecking order, and third, opportunities for building coalitions and alliances. It is argued thatinsults allow for a certain mobility within a peckingorder, by offering 'matches' for contestants to pitchtheir wit, venom, and courage against each other. They also enable audiences to take sides, thusinfluencing and testing the operation of coalitions andalliances.     

Book Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article:
Eisler, Riane Tennenhaus. Dissolution: No-fault divorce, marriage, and the future of women .
Hammond, D. Corydon, Hepworth, Dean, H. & Smith, Veon G. Improving therapeutic communication .
Hawkes, Sharryl and Knox, David. One child by choice .
Hyatt, I. Ralph, Before you marry … again .
Kaslow, Florence W. and Associates, Supervision, consultation, and staff training in the helping professions .
Mace, David and Vera, How to have a happy marriage .
Van Hosse, William H. & Kotler, Jeffrey A. Ethical and legal issues in counseling and psychotherapy .     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Weeks, Gerald R. & L'Abate, Luciano. Paradoxical psychotherapy: Theory and practice with individuals, couples, and families.
Kempler, Walter. Experiential psychotherapy within families.
Kempler, Walter. Experiential psychotherapy within families.
Box, Sally, Copley, Beta, Magagna, Jeanne and Moustaki, Errica (Eds.). Psychotherapy with families: An analytic approach.
Capra, Fritjof. The turning point: Science, society and the rising culture.
Wolberg, Louis & Aronson, Marvin (Eds.). Group and family therapy, 1981.
Green, Robert J. & Framo, James L. (Eds.). Family therapy: Major contributions.
Wile, Daniel B., Couples therapy: A nontraditional approach.
Willi, Jürg. Couples in collusion.
Becvar, Raphael J. & Becvar, Dorothy Stroh. Systems theory and family therapy: A primer.
Pinney, E. G. & Slipp, S. Glossary of group and family therapy.
Brown, Kristi (Ed.). Family counseling: An annotated bibliography.
Glick, Ira D., Weber, David H., Rubinstein, David & Patten, John T. Family therapy and research: An annotated bibliography.
Olson, David H. & Markoff, Roxanne (Eds.).Inventory of marriage and family literature.     

Book Reviews

Rampton, Ben, Crossing: Language and Ethnicity among Adolescents
Drechsel, Emanuel J., Mobilian Jargon: Linguistic and Sociohistorical Aspects of a Native American Pidgin
Hensel, Chase, Telling Our Selves: Ethnicity and Discourse in Southwestern Alaska
Silverman, David, Discourses of Counselling: HIV Counselling as Social Interaction
Goebl, Hans; Nelde, Peter H.; Starý, Zdeněk and Wölck, Wolfgang (eds), Kontaktlinguistik, Contact Linguistics, Linguistique de contact
Baxter, Leslie A. and Montgomery, Barbara M., Relating: Dialogues and Dialectics
Lanstyák, István and Szabómihály, Gizella, Magyar nyelvhasználat – iskola – kétnyelvüség [Hungarian language use, schools and bilingualism]
Zentella, Ana Celia, Growing up Bilingual: Puerto Rican Children in New York
Fairclough, Norman, Media Discourse     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
The People in the Playground . Iona Opie. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993, 240 pages. Cloth, $60.00.
Gender Play . Barrie Thorne. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1993, 237 pages. Cloth, $30.00; paper, $12.95.
Ideal Citizens: The Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement . James Max Fendrich. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1993, 202 pages. Cloth, $49.50; paper, $16.95.
The Shadow of Dionysus: A Contribution to the Sociology of the Orgy . Michel Maffesoli. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993, 167 pages. Cloth, $49.50; paper, $16.50.
Jones's Minimal: Low-Wage Labor in the United States . David Griffith. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993, xvii, 266 pages. Cloth, $44.50; paper, $14.95.
The Politics of Pensions: A Comparative Analysis of Britain, Canada, and the United States, 1880–1940 . Ann Shola Orloff. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1993, 381 pages. Cloth, $60.00; paper, $19.95.
Masculinity and Male Codes of Honor in Modern France . Robert A. Nye. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993, 316 pages.
Adolescence: An Anthropological Inquiry . Alice Schlegel and Herbert Barry III. New York: Free Press, 1991, 263 pages. Cloth, $29.95.