时间序列分析在经济预测中的应用

为了配合《统计学》课程的现行教学 ,提高学生运用统计方法分析、解决实际问题的能力 ,我们组织了一次案例教学 ,其内容是 :对烟台市的未来经济发展状况作一预测分析 ,数据取烟台市 1978～ 1998年 GDP的年度数据。在组织实施时 ,我们首先将数据资料印发给学生 ,并讲清本案例的教学目的与要求 ,明确案例所涉及的教学内容 ;然后给学生一段时间 ,由学生根据资料 ,运用不同的方法进行预测分析 ,并确定具体的讨论日期 ;在课堂讨论时让学生自由发言 ,阐述自己的观点 ;最后 ,由主持教师作点评发言 ,取得了良好的教学效果。本文是此次案例教学活动…     

基于混合时间序列模型的粮食产量预测

粮食产量的预测是保障粮食安全的重要组成部分.文章结合河南省许昌市粮食产量的历史数据,首先建立趋势外推预测模型,并对模型进行相应的分析;然后运用趋势外推与ARIMA模型(求和自回归移动平均模型)结合起来的混合时间序列模型对趋势值和真实值之间的离差序列即残差进行分析,得到混合时间序列模型的预测结果;最后通过比较得出的混合时间序列模型预测的精度较高,可作为粮食总产量预测的有效工具之一.     

基于传递函数模型的我国社会消费品零售总额预测

文章研究我国国民收入与社会消费之间的动态影响机制。通过对我国1978~2008年的国民总收入和社会消费品零售总额数据序列进行分析,建立了传递函数模型,结果显示该模型比单变量的ARIMA时间序列模型具有更好的拟合与预测效果,可以为我国宏观经济发展的监管与决策提供参考。     

基于状态空间建模法的社会消费品零售总额预测

文章以状态空间和卡尔曼滤波为基础,对社会消费品零售总额,商品零售物价指数与居民家庭人均可支配收入建模,并在此基础上预测了未来12个月的社会消费品零售总额。将此结果与ARIMA模型的预测结果想比较,得出状态空间建模法的相对误差较小,预测效果更好。     

中国社会消费品零售总额的预测分析

文章以我国1990 ～ 2010年的社会消费品零售总额的数据为样本建立指数平滑法模型,并利用该模型对2011～2013年进行预测分析,通过分析发现该模型预测误差很小,拟合效果能达到预期的目的.预测结果表明2011 ～ 2013年我国社会消费品零售总额总体上将持续增长,这反映了消费品市场在快速发展中的连续性和稳定性,可以为政府的宏观决策提供依据.     

时序模型分析在经济预测中的应用

时间序列分析方法主要就是建立模型,目的是为了描述时间序列中产生数据的随机机制与趋势,以此模型来判断在某一时间或随机机制下会发生的数据达到预测和控制的目的。时间序列可分为平稳的时间序列和非平稳的时间序列,大部分经济时间序列为平稳的时间序列。对于平稳的时间序列进     

ARIMA模型在上海市全社会固定资产投资预测中的应用

文章采用自回归求积移动平均(ARIMA)法,对《上海市统计年鉴》(2002年)提供的固定资产投资额资料进行了分析。其结果显示:ARIMA(1,1,10)模型能提供较准确的预测效果,也可用于未来的预测,并为上海市全社会固定资产投资提供了可靠依据。     

ARIMA模型在移动通信用户数预测中的应用

本文采用自回归求和移动平均模型(ARIMA(p,d,q)),对贵阳2002年7月到2005年6月的36个月忙时用户数据进行分析,结果显示,ARIMA(0,1,1)模型提供了较准确的预测结果,可用于对未来月份忙时的用户数预测。就此,可为交换设备的建设提供可靠的参考依据。     

基于ARIMA的多元时间序列神经网络预测模型研究

文章基于ARIMA模型具备准确提取时间序列当前值、过去值及误差值之间回归关系的能力,人工神经网络具备对各种变量的感知能力强,非线性逼近、自适应、自学习性等特性,构建了一种多元时间序列预测模型,并进行了理论探讨和实证.该模型能较准确模拟和预测时间序列的变化规律,可较好满足时复杂时间序列的分析预测需求.     

Forecasting Economic Time Series With Structural and Box-Jenkins Models: A Case Study

The basic structural model is a univariate time series model consisting of a slowly changing trend component, a slowly changing seasonal component, and a random irregular component. It is part of a class of models that have a number of advantages over the seasonal ARIMA models adopted by Box and Jenkins (1976). This article reports the results of an exercise in which the basic structural model was estimated for six U.K. macroeconomic time series and the forecasting performance compared with that of ARIMA models previously fitted by Prothero and Wallis (1976).     

时间数列分析中的加法模型与乘法模型

文章通过实例说明了时间数列分析中加法模型的应用,纠正了一些统计学教材上常见的错误认识和模型的错误使用,对统计教材中统计方法的系统化起到了一定的作用。     

Seasonal Adjustment of Time Series Using One-Sided Filters

This article presents a model-based signal extraction seasonal adjustment procedure to extract estimates of the independent unobserved seasonal and nonseasonal components from an observed time series. The decomposition yields a one-sided filter that is optimal for adjusting the most recent observation under the assumption of using only the past observed series. Some advantages of this procedure are that no forecasts are required for implementation and there are no problems of revision of estimates or questions of concurrent adjustment. Comparisons are made with existing procedures using two-sided filters.     

Outlier Detection in Time Series Models Using Local Influence Method

We propose a new procedure for detecting a patch of outliers or influential observations for autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model using local influence analysis. It is shown that the dependency aspects of time series data gives rise to masking or smearing effects when the local influence analysis is performed using current perturbation schemes. We suggest a new perturbation scheme to take into account the dependent structure of time series data, and employ the stepwise local influence method to give a diagnostic procedure. We show that the new perturbation scheme can avoid the smearing effects, and the stepwise technique of local influence can successfully deal with masking effects. Various simulation studies are performed to show the efficiency of proposed methodology and a real example is used for illustrations.     

A Comparison of Autoregressive Univariate Forecasting Procedures for Macroeconomic Time Series

The actual performance of several automated univariate autoregressive forecasting procedures, applied to 150 macroeconomic time series, are compared. The procedures are the random walk model as a basis for comparison; long autoregressions, with three alternative rules for lag length selection; and a long autoregression estimated by minimizing the sum of absolute deviations. The sensitivity of each procedure to preliminary transformations, data, periodicity, forecast horizon, loss function employed in parameter estimation, and seasonal adjustment procedures is examined. The more important conclusions are that Akaike's lag-length selection criterion works well in a wide variety of situations, the modeling of long memory components becomes important for forecast horizons of three or more periods, and linear combinations of forecasts do not improve forecast quality appreciably.     

Bayesian Forecasting of Many Count-Valued Time Series

Abstract

We develop and exemplify application of new classes of dynamic models for time series of nonnegative counts. Our novel univariate models combine dynamic generalized linear models for binary and conditionally Poisson time series, with dynamic random effects for over-dispersion. These models estimate dynamic regression coefficients in both binary and nonzero count components. Sequential Bayesian analysis allows fast, parallel analysis of sets of decoupled time series. New multivariate models then enable information sharing in contexts when data at a more highly aggregated level provide more incisive inferences on shared patterns such as trends and seasonality. A novel multiscale approach—one new example of the concept of decouple/recouple in time series—enables information sharing across series. This incorporates cross-series linkages while insulating parallel estimation of univariate models, and hence enables scalability in the number of series. The major motivating context is supermarket sales forecasting. Detailed examples drawn from a case study in multistep forecasting of sales of a number of related items showcase forecasting of multiple series, with discussion of forecast accuracy metrics, comparisons with existing methods, and broader questions of probabilistic forecast assessment.     

An Application of Vector Time Series Techniques to Macroeconomic Forecasting

A wide variety of time series techniques are now used for generating forecasts of economic variables, with each technique attempting to summarize and exploit whatever regularities exist in a given data set. It appears that many researchers arbitrarily choose one of these techniques. The purpose of this article is to provide an example for which the choice of time series technique appears important; merely choosing arbitrarily among available techniques may lead to suboptimal results.     

A Benchmarking Approach to Temporal Disaggregation of Economic Time Series by Related Series

Several methods have been devised to deal with the problem of temporal disaggregation of economic time series (a) either when related series are available or (b) when only aggregate figures exist. In this article, we propose a statistical model-based approach to temporal disaggregation of economic time series by related series. The proposed approach is performed in two stages. In the first stage, we evaluate a preliminary estimate of the disaggregated series using a regression model for the disaggregated series and related series observed in the same frequency. The preliminary estimate of disaggregated series obtained in the first step is not consistent with aggregate figures. To ensure consistency we propose in the second stage, the use of a modified benchmarking approach based on signal extraction (Hillmer and Trabelsi, 1987 Hillmer , S. C. , Trabelsi , A. ( 1987 ). Benchmarking of economic time series . J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 82 ( 400 ): 1064 – 1071 .[Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Trabelsi and Hillmer, 1990 Trabelsi , A. , Hillmer , S. C. ( 1990 ). Benchmarking time series with reliable benchmarks . Appl. Statist. 39 ( 3 ): 367 – 379 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) to adjust the preliminary estimate of disaggregate series. The approach developed here is used for Seasonally Adjusted (SA) and Not Seasonally Adjusted (NSA) data. A comparison with previous temporal disaggregation methods has been done.     

Smoothing Time Series with Local Polynomial Regression on Time

Time series smoothers estimate the level of a time series at time t as its conditional expectation given present, past and future observations, with the smoothed value depending on the estimated time series model. Alternatively, local polynomial regressions on time can be used to estimate the level, with the implied smoothed value depending on the weight function and the bandwidth in the local linear least squares fit. In this article we compare the two smoothing approaches and describe their similarities. Through simulations, we assess the increase in the mean square error that results when approximating the estimated optimal time series smoother with the local regression estimate of the level.     

ARIMA模型在上海市全社会固定资产投资预测中的应用

本文采用自回归求积移动平均(ARIMA)法,对《上海市统计年鉴2002》提供的固定资产投资额资料进行了分析。结果显示,ARIMA(1,1,10)模型提供较准确的预测效果,可用于未来的预测,并为上海市全社会固定资产投资提供可靠依据。