中沙关系回顾与展望

中国和沙特政治制度不同,但两国发展积极友好的关系没有障碍。目前,沙特是中国在西亚和非洲最大的贸易伙伴,两国经贸合作前景广阔。同时,中沙双方均奉行独立自主的外交政策,拥有良好的政治关系,未来在区域组织和联合国等国际舞台上将有更广泛的合作领域。     

中沙关系回顾与展望

中国和沙特政治制度不同,但两国发展积极友好的关系没有障碍.目前,沙特是中国在西亚和非洲最大的贸易伙伴,两国经贸合作前景广阔.同时,中沙双方均奉行独立自主的外交政策,拥有良好的政治关系,未来在区域组织和联合国等国际舞台上将有更广泛的合作领域.     

整体对接:论中国与沙特全面战略伙伴关系

沙特油气资源丰富,具有资金和区位优势;中国人力资源丰富,具有技术和市场优势。中国与沙特建交30年来,两国超越意识形态差异,经历了能源合作伙伴、战略性友好伙伴和全面战略伙伴三个阶段,形成相互依存的整体合作关系。中国"一带一路"倡议与沙特"2030愿景"目标契合,两国合作受第四次工业革命、中东地缘政治剧烈变动和中沙优势互补等因素影响,具有顶层设计、全球布局、机制对接和多维合作的特点。展望未来,中沙关系的发展需处理好"中国—美国—沙特"大三角和"中国—伊朗—沙特"小三角的关系,统筹旧平台与新机制,加强中沙治国理政经验的交流。中沙整体合作促进了东亚与西亚的互联互通,有助于亚洲大国探索符合各自国情的现代化道路,进而增强亚洲共同体意识。     

中阿经贸合作的深化与发展

中阿经贸合作由来已久,自2004年起进入了快车道,实现了跨越式发展.2010年"中阿经贸合作论坛"的成立,为中阿经贸合作的进一步拓展提供了广阔的新平台和有效的新机制.当前中阿经贸合作的积极因素主要是:合作基础较好、经济互补性较强、双边投资合作起步良好、存在共同话语、符合共同利益等.未来合作的发展原则与思路是:发挥"中阿经贸论坛"的作用,以大视野看待中阿双边合作,通过提升中阿关系,带动中阿经贸合作.在加强中阿经贸合作时,要重视处理好中美关系;继续扩大市场开放程度,积极推动贸易自由化进程,以能源合作为本,进一步拓展经贸合作领域.     

试析中国与沙特阿拉伯的石油合作

沙特阿拉伯是世界第一大原油生产国和出口国,中国是世界第二大石油消费国和消费量增长最快的石油进口国。沙特需要为其巨大的能源储量寻找新的市场,中国需要海外能源满足经济增长的需要。因此,两国在能源领域存在着相互依赖关系。正是这种相互依赖关系推动着中沙关系的稳步发展,本文力图运用政治经济学的分析法对中沙石油合作做出理性分析与判断。     

试析中国与沙特阿拉伯的石油合作

沙特阿拉伯是世界第一大原油生产国和出口国,中国是世界第二大石油消费国和消费量增长最快的石油进口国.沙特需要为其巨大的能源储量寻找新的市场,中国需要海外能源满足经济增长的需要.因此,两国在能源领域存在着相互依赖关系.正是这种相互依赖关系推动着中沙关系的稳步发展,本文力图运用政治经济学的分析法对中沙石油合作做出理性分析与判断.     

中阿经贸合作的深化与发展

中阿经贸合作由来已久,自2004年起进入了快车道,实现了跨越式发展。2010年“中阿经贸合作论坛”的成立,为中阿经贸合作的进一步拓展提供了广阔的新平台和有效的新机制。当前中阿经贸合作的积极因素主要是：合作基础较好、经济互补性较强、双边投资合作起步良好、存在共同话语、符合共同利益等。未来合作的发展原则与思路是：发挥“中阿经贸论坛”的作用,以大视野看待中阿双边合作,通过提升中阿关系,带动中阿经贸合作。在加强中阿经贸合作时,要重视处理好中美关系;继续扩大市场开放程度,积极推动贸易自由化进程,以能源合作为本,进一步拓展经贸合作领域。     

当代中国与沙特关系演进中的伊斯兰朝觐

伊斯兰朝觐不仅是全球穆斯林的宗教功课,也对圣地所在国沙特与穆斯林所在国的双边关系产生了重要影响。伊斯兰朝觐在中国与沙特关系发展的重要节点上均发挥了纽带作用。自1955年以来,伊斯兰朝觐在四个历史阶段先后发挥了"生命线""打头炮""润滑剂"和"新边疆"的作用。总体来看,中沙双方的交往从最初的纯宗教领域到宗教与非政治领域并举,直至迈向政治、经济、军事、社会与文化等多个领域。随着两国关系的深入发展,伊斯兰朝觐逐渐在两国关系中回归宗教本质。两国只有在朝觐管理上相互配合并加强合作,才能促进全球朝觐治理的优化和中沙发展战略对接。     

中国在沙特推进"一带一路"建设的 现状、风险及应对

沙特是中国在中东地区推进"一带一路"建设的重要合作伙伴。近年来,沙特内政与外交政策的重大调整使其面临的潜在风险上升,主要包括:国内权力结构变动和政治集权化趋势使沙特政局走向存在不确定性;经济结构性矛盾和制度不畅制约国内经济转型与改革;本土恐怖主义和胡塞武装越境袭击加重国内安全压力;宗教保守势力反弹和宗教极端主义泛滥增加社会不稳定因素。在此背景下,中国在沙特推进"一带一路"建设需要进一步确保中沙合作的政策延续性和平衡中国与沙特及伊朗的关系,适应沙特国内经济转型阵痛并最大程度地实现中沙发展战略对接,同时防范恐怖主义和胡塞武装越境袭击对在沙中国公民和企业的威胁。     

中国与沙特阿拉伯应对气候变化南南合作探析

应对气候变化南南合作是全球气候治理的重要内容。气候治理的本质是发展治理,发展中国家是气候变化的主要受害者,同时又是温室气体排放的主要贡献者。因此,成功应对气候变化的关键之一,是实现主要发展中国家的经济发展方式低碳转型。中国和沙特阿拉伯都是发展中大国,各自又是化石能源的主要生产国和消费国,同时具有强烈的低碳转型意愿以及较好的科技和资本基础,属于全球气候治理和应对气候变化南南合作的关键国家。中沙两国基于双赢动力开展了一系列应对气候变化的合作,同时也存在问题。在两国“双碳”目标约束下,更加符合各自资源和技术禀赋特点的提升化石能源能效、氢能、碳捕捉与封存技术,将成为未来双方合作的重点。伴随两国合作从产能向联合研发核心技术等关键领域拓展,中国与沙特阿拉伯应对气候变化合作也将在应对气候变化南南合作领域发挥示范效应。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

History and the here and now

This paper explores the lesser-known histories and present-day realities of small towns and non-metropolitan areas in the internal provinces of South Africa. It is different inasmuch as it focuses on transformations that have taken place at the local level, and where possible, generalises from these, rather than following the normal route taken by social scientists – at least from 1994, which has been to examine them from the top down. One feature of such changes has been the growth of gated communicates across the length and breadth of South Africa, but there are many more. One reason for their anonymity is that their evolution has been gradual and corpuscular, that they have become unconsciously familiar and are left unexamined. Another is our collective preoccupation with the metropolitan areas rather than the smaller localities where such processes are subterranean and confined. This paper presents very briefly some of the results of the researchers of the Local Histories and Present Realities programme over the past five years, in 19 separate centres. It examines the history and present circumstance of chiefdoms of Ga-Mphahlele and reveals the surprise finding that much of recent and contemporary politics revolve around events 200 years old. An analogous situation has arisen in Venda as well as in Mpumalanga and elsewhere, where a combination of new legislation to revive chiefly powers, and land reclamation legislation have lent a new legitimacy to chiefly powers, and inspired hundreds of phantom – and time-consuming – quests. Another massive development which has gone on around us but whose internal dynamics have never been observed is the rise of game hunting and ranching all over the interior of South Africa. This is a monster subject which is likely to have influence on all of our lives into which our group is now in a position to offer insights. A change of equal proportions is the rise of mining all over the interior Bushveld Igneous Complex – Mokopane is a good example of this and the huge social consequences this has brought in its wake. One final theme which embraces all the communities that we have studied is the local histories of transformation – collectively the most important – since 1994. This is almost entirely hidden to a wider world, including the transformed positions of local Indian residents.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.