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BaochangGu 《当代中国人口》2003,20(3):7-14
~~Population,Reproductive Health and Poverty Alleviation in China 相似文献
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《当代中国人口》1998,(Z2)
Greateffortshasbeenmadeandsignificantachievementsgainedinpovertyreductionsincethe,institutionoftheNationalPoveytyAlleviationProgrammein1992.Thepovertylinefortheruralimpoverishedpopulationin1997wasapercapitaannualincomeof640yuan.From1992to1997,thesizeoftheimpoverishedpopulationfellfrom80millionto49.6million,withanaveragenumberofsixmillionrelievedfrompoverty.Distributionoftheimpoverishedpopulation.Oftheremaining49.6million,47.8%liveinwesternChina,36%inCentralChinaandtheremainingintheeasternpr… 相似文献
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《当代中国人口》2002,(Z1)
Project Happiness, since its launch in 1995, has been successfully implemented across China. So far, project sites have been established in 466 counties of 28 of the country抯 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions), with a combined investment of RMB160 million including donations, poverty-alleviation funds from the central government and matching funds from local governments. A total of 120,000 poor mothers have been helped out of poverty and more than 500,000 people have benef… 相似文献
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Social Indicators Research - The current literature on poverty focuses intensively on objective poverty, which is based on household income, household consumption, basic needs, calorie... 相似文献
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Two stylized facts about poverty in Africa motivate this article: female-headed households tend to be poorer, and poverty has been falling in the aggregate since the 1990s. These facts raise two questions. First, how have female-headed households fared? Second, what role have they played in Africa’s impressive recent aggregate growth and poverty reduction? Using data covering the entire region, we reexamine the current prevalence and characteristics of female-headed households and ask whether their prevalence has been rising, what factors have been associated with such changes since the mid-1990s, and whether poverty has fallen equiproportionately for male- and female-headed households. Lower female headship is associated with higher gross domestic product. However, other subtle transformations occurring across Africa—changes in marriage behavior, family formation, health, and education—are positively related to female headship, resulting in a growing share of female-headed households. This shift has been happening alongside declining aggregate poverty incidence. However, rather than being left behind, female-headed households have generally seen faster poverty reduction. As a whole, this group has contributed substantially to the reduction in poverty despite their smaller share in the population. 相似文献
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The paper explores attitudes to chronic poverty in a cross-section of developed and developing countries contributing data
to the World Values Survey Wave Three (1994–1998). The analysis finds a consistent belief among a majority of respondents
that poverty is persistent. The paper also explores the factors influencing public attitudes to chronic poverty, and finds
that interests, position, knowledge, and shared values relating to social justice, are important. 相似文献
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Michael Rogan 《Social indicators research》2013,113(1):491-511
In this paper, I investigate the characteristics and poverty status of female- and male-headed households in South Africa using nationally representative household survey data from the October Household Surveys (1997 and 1999) and the General Household Surveys (2004 and 2006). This decade (1997–2006) represents a period for which there is an extensive poverty literature documenting (particularly in the 2000 s) an overall decrease in the poverty headcount rate. At the same time, however, there is evidence to suggest that female-headed households have a far higher risk of poverty and that the poverty differential between female- and male-headed households widened over the period. The aim of this paper is to identify some of the main reasons that female-headed households are more vulnerable to poverty in post-apartheid South Africa and why poverty has decreased by more in male-headed households (relative to female-headed households). The study examines the key features which distinguish female- and male-headed households and whether these have changed over time. In order to link these characteristics with the poverty differential between female- and male-headed households, I then examine whether (and by how much) controlling for the observable differences between female- and male-headed households reduces the significantly greater risk of poverty in female-headed households. 相似文献
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Álvaro José Altamirano Montoya Karla Maria Damiano Teixeira 《Social indicators research》2017,132(3):1037-1063
The recognition of poverty as a multidimensional concept has led to the development of more adequate tools for its identification. By allowing for subgroup and regional decompositions, those instruments are useful to allocate public action where most needed. This paper applies the Alkire and Foster (2011a) Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) to study single-mother and biparental families in Nicaragua, modifying its original structure to match more closely with the country’s current structural problems. Using Nicaragua’s last Demographic and Health Survey (DHS 2011/2012), our multidimensional poverty figures contrast with the government’s national poverty line estimates, suggesting that income poverty overestimates the number of poor people. Thus, our MPI can help as a complement for traditional consumption poverty and Basic Needs analysis; even extending the exploration by using other official household surveys. On the other hand, multidimensional poverty analysis found poverty dominance of male-headed families over single-mother and female-headed biparental families, which serves to contradict the notion of women being more vulnerable than men. Within the MPI, the most important contributor was the Living Standards dimension, composed by indicators directly related to housing conditions, and the second most deprived dimension was Education. A strong policy implication that arises from our findings is the reduction of the urban–rural poverty gap. Specifically, our findings exalt the need for governmental policies directed to reduce Nicaragua’s housing and educational deficits as a priority, particularly in rural areas. 相似文献
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Status Quo 《当代中国人口》2003,(6)
Status QuoAn epidemiological survey jointly conducted by China and the WHO and UNAIDS indicates that China now has 840,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, 80,000 of whom are AIDS patients. Although this figure translates into a mere 0.6‰ of the country's total population, the total number comes the second place in Asia and the 14th in the world. The prevalence rate among adults is less than 0.1%, but the epidemic has been found in all the 31 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) of the country and the number of newly-infected people is increasing fast. Major methods of HIV transmission include drug-taking, blood donation (a major means of living for farmers in some impoverished regions) and sex. 相似文献
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《当代中国人口》1998,(Z2)
UxorilocalmarriagehasexistedinChinaforthousandsofyearsasasupplementaryformtomonogamy.Itsexistenceis,firstofall,tomeetpeople'sstrongdesireforcarryingonthefamilylineinfamilieswithoutason.TheChinesefamilytraditionallyhasbeenpatriarchaltraditionally,andthecontinuityofthefamilylineismale-centered.Secondly,itisintendedtosolvelabourshortageproblemsinmaleheirdeficientfamiliesbecauseasmall-scalepeasanteconomystillprevailsinmostpartsofChina.Thirdly,itisoutoftheneedforoldagesupportinruralChina,wherethe… 相似文献
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《当代中国人口》2002,(Z1)
In 2001, China's spending in education was 3.19% of the nation's GDP, up from 2.41% in 1995 but still a far cry from world average. By the end of 2001, adult illiteracy in China had dropped to less than 30 million from 61.71 million in 1990 (less than 5%). The gross enrolment rate for higher education among the 18-22-year-old population rose from 7.2% in 1995 to 13.3% in 2001. By the end of 2001, privately-run educational institutions had numbered 56,274 enrolling 9.23 million students; h… 相似文献