先进文化:全面建设小康社会的引导力量

文化是人类的精神活动及其产品的总称,是一个民族和国家赖以生存发展的重要根基;先进文化是人类文明进步的结晶,它在本质上是一定社会先进的经济和政治在观念形态上的反映,是推动人类社会前进的精神动力;大力发展社会主义文化,是贯彻落实“三个代表”重要思想的必然要求,也是全面建设小康社会的必然要求。     

《礼记》伦理哲学的诗学旨趣

《礼记》是一部对于中国士人的精神建构产生了重要影响的儒家经典。把《礼记》作为一个系统文本予以整体探究,以一种宏观的诗性视角敞开《礼记》所包蕴的儒家早期伦理世界,而非断章取义、纠缠于单一的伦理或者诗学观念,有助于藉此探寻中国士人的原型精神,进而深入思考出早期中国传统诗学思想的产生发展以及演变轨迹,从历史纵深和横向发展的角度透视儒家的精神境界以及诗性人格建构。     

Semicontinuous Representability of Homothetic Interval Orders by Means of Two Homogeneous Functionals

It is well known that interval orders are particularly interesting in decision theory, since they are reflexive, complete and nontransitive binary relations which may be fully represented by means of two real-valued functions. In this paper, we discuss the existence of a pair of nonnegative, positively homogeneous and semicontinuous real-valued functionals representing an interval order on a real cone in a topological vector space. We recover as a particular case a result concerning the existence of a nonnegative, positively homogeneous and continuous utility functional for a complete preorder on a real cone in a topological vector space.     

Willingness to Pay for Risk Reduction and Risk Aversion without the Expected Utility Assumption

By means of minimal assumptions on the individual preferences, I show that the Willingness To Pay (WTP) for both a FSD and SSD reduction of risk is the sum of a mean effect, a pure risk effect and a wealth effect. As a result, the WTP of a risk-averse decision maker may be lower than the WTP of a risk-neutral one, for a large class of individual preferences’ representation and a large class of risks.     

建设海洋命运共同体:知识、制度和行动

“海洋命运共同体”是“人类命运共同体”治理理念在海洋问题上的具体体现。“海洋命运共同体”建设是一项国际性的社会工程。知识所反映的发展规律可以形成说服其他行为体参与集体行动的软实力。引领未来的海洋治理需要我们具备提出治理方案的完整的知识体系。与此同时,还需要推动制度建设,构建区域性制度、领域性制度,形成完善的制度体系。在“海洋命运共同体”建设中,中国要赢得全球伙伴的尊重,就必须提供相应的公共产品,为全球公正、合理、可持续的海洋秩序做出贡献。建设“海洋命运共同体”是全人类的共同目标。中国需要在国际社会中团结在理念和利益方面的志同道合者,支持以“海洋命运共同体”为伦理基础的治理方案。     

海洋命运共同体构建需知行合一

2019年4月23日,中国国家主席习近平在青岛出席中国人民解放军海军成立70周年的讲话中首次提出构建海洋命运共同体的理念。习主席指出,海洋孕育了生命、联通了世界、促进了发展。我们人类居住的这个蓝色星球,不是被海洋分割成了各个孤岛,而是被海洋连结成了命运共同体,各国人民安危与共。这一理念对内可以视为党的十八大以来中国提出人类命运共同体建设和海洋强国战略的重大发展,对外则可视为中国参与全球海洋治理的中国方案的重大发展。由于海洋命运共同体提出时间尚短又具有很强的专业性,学术界和政策界对推进海洋命运共同体建设的认知和行动的探讨与筹划刚刚开始,尚未形成体系。因此本文尝试说明,海洋命运共同体的构建是个知行合一的体系,是政策概念体系和战略实践体系的并举合一,这二者在本质上具有一体性,在行动上应相互促进,在目标上追求高标准,在实际推进过程中要防止知行“两张皮”。     

消费主义:一种异化的生活方式

在全球化浪潮的强烈冲击下,消费主义作为起源并盛行于西方发达国家的一种文化态度、价值观念和生活方式,正以其感性而鲜明的特征吸引着发展中国家的人们。在消费主义文化强大的示范和诱导下,发展中国家那些传统的、民族的消费生活方式就逐步转变为一种现代的消费主义生活方式。这种生活方式为构建社会主义和谐社会带来了许多危害,我们应该抵制消费主义,选择良好的生活方式,走可持续发展之路。     

罗姆莫罕·罗易——新吠檀多主义的先驱

近代印度伟大的启蒙思想家、宗教和社会改革家罗姆莫罕·罗易,还是个吠檀多哲学家。实际上,他是印度近代最早对传统吠檀多进行批判和革新的人,是新吠檀多主义思潮的倡导者和先驱者。他的吠檀多哲学一方面继承了传统吠檀多不二论的精华,另一方面又具有许多新的内容和特点,为近现代新吠檀多主义哲学流派的产生奠定了理论基础。     

Unemployment Protection and Family Policy at the Turn of the 21st Century: A Dynamic Approach to Welfare Regime Theory

This article contributes to the welfare state regime literature from a substantive and methodological perspective. At a very abstract level we confirm the relevance of the welfare state regime theory and stability for the period from 1971 to the end of the 1990s. However, by analyzing family policy and unemployment protection, we observe a dual transformation of the welfare state, consisting of a trend towards a ‘socialization’ of family policies and a retrenchment in unemployment insurance benefits. Our Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) of the two policy domains captures the multi‐dimensionality of the decommodification and defamilialization concepts and visualizes welfare state developments over time in a Cartesian space. This dynamic analysis provides us with a nuanced understanding of welfare state regime stability and change.     

Promoting Individual and Social Changes: A Hybrid Model of Social Work with Groups

Taking as a starting point two influential, yet different approaches in group work, that is, the self-directed group work and mutual aid models, this article examines a possible alternative for conducting social work with groups. Drawing from structuration theory, which makes a strong dialectical relation between agency and structure possible, this article highlights how our alternative model could lead to a greater integration of the micro- and macrodimensions in group-work practice. The Discussion section proposes three key principles for group work, namely, a belief in people’s strengths and capacities, a focus on critical thinking, and a concern for the development of a democratic culture in groups. These principles are conveyed through the group worker’s roles as consciousness raiser and process facilitator and provide a flexible and participatory process that can be used with a broad range of service-user groups. The article concludes with a discussion on the strengths and limitations of the model.     

Decision‐making under uncertainty in child protection: Creating a just and learning culture

The argument is made for having a positive error culture in child protection to improve decision‐making and risk management. This requires organizations to accept that mistakes are likely and to treat them as opportunities for learning and improving. In contrast, in many organizations, a punitive reaction to errors leads to workers hiding them and developing a defensive approach to their practice with children and families. The safety management literature has shown how human error is generally not simply due to a “bad apple” but made more or less likely by the work context that helps or hinders good performance. Improving safety requires learning about the weaknesses in the organization that contribute to poor performance. To create a learning culture, people need to feel that when they talk about mistakes or weak practice, there will be a constructive response from their organization. One aspect of reducing the blame culture is to develop a shared understanding of how practice will be judged and how those appraising practice will avoid the hindsight bias. To facilitate a positive error culture, a set of risk principles are presented that offer a set of criteria by which practice should be appraised.     

以可行能力视角看待障碍:对现有残障模式的反思与探索

残障研究经历了个人模式-医学模式-社会模式的发展历程,社会模式对残障产生的原因进行了革命性的解释,大大推进了残障人士权益的发展。但上述模式都将关注点放在障碍产生的原因上,而这可能会强化原因与作为影响的障碍之间的固定联系,进而加重刻板印象以及弱势地位等问题;此外,以原因区分障碍的做法并不能准确地反映人们在现实中遭遇的障碍,在认识、分析和处理障碍方面也存在一些困难和缺陷。因此,我们应当尝试将关注点从障碍产生的原因转向障碍本身,以可行能力受限或者受损看待障碍,将原因和障碍真正“解绑”,从而超越“医学模式-社会模式”“社会隔离-社会融合”“优势-劣势”这些不合理的二元对立。基于这样的转变,我们可以为消除障碍找到更加精准、更具有整体性且更加有效的办法。     

Reaching Isolated Older People

In the second part of a paper reporting a unique single day a week adult day program, the service methodologies developed in the program are described as well as a study of outcomes in four areas: success in reaching the target group, attendance, length of participation, and resolution of psychosocial and health related problems. Outcomes, illustrated by statistical and case material, indicate success in achieving the overall goal of maintenance and enhancement of the participant's life and functioning as a whole. Such a resource is recommended as a vital one for the target population of isolated older people described in the paper.     

“Koe wai hoki koe?!”, or “Who are you?!”: Issues of trust in cross‐cultural collaborative research

Abstract

Cross‐cultural research designs are increasingly employed in the New Zealand context to investigate a range of complex social and environmental issues. However, there is little guidance for researchers who work for mainstream organisations and hapū (subtribe(s)) and iwi (tribe(s)) on how to undertake cross‐cultural collaborative research. Trust is a key issue that makes cross‐cultural research possible and it is surprising that issues relating to trust have not featured widely in the literature. In this paper, we reflect on our experiences working cross‐culturally and collaboratively with a hapū in Northland, New Zealand. We discuss how a mainstream research organisation worked with a community health trust and developed a working relationship with a hapū, forming the basis of a community‐driven collaborative evaluation of a central government‐funded project. Key findings were the establishment of a tuākana‐tēina relationship (where teacher and learner are interchangeable) between the members of the collaborative research team and the employment of appropriate research methods to develop a research agenda that ensured everyone would benefit from the research.     

Research Misconduct Policies of Scientific Journals

The purpose of this study was to gather information on the misconduct policies of scientific journals. We contacted editors from a random sample of 399 journals drawn from the ISI Web of Knowledge database. We received 197 responses (49.4% response rate): 54.8% had a policy, and 47.7% had a formal (written) policy; 28.9% had a policy that only outlined procedures for handling misconduct, 15.7% had a policy that only defined misconduct, 10.2% had a policy that included both a definition and procedures; 26.9% of journals had a policy that was generated by the publisher, 13.2% had a policy that was generated by the journal, and 14.7% had a policy that was generated by another source, such as a professional association. We analyzed the relationship between having a policy and impact factor, field of science, publishing house, and nationality. Impact factor was the only variable with a statistically significant association with having a policy. Impact factor was slightly positively associated with whether or not the publisher had a policy, with an odds ratio of 1.49 (P < .0004) per 10 units increase in the impact factor, with a 95% confidence interval (1.20, 1.88). Our research indicates that more than half of scientific journals have developed misconduct policies, but that most of these policies do not define research misconduct and most of these policies were not generated by the journal.     

Children's perceptions of others' understanding of moral transgressions: who should know better and why

The present study examined children's perceptions of other children's ability to make moral judgements. Preschool, kindergarten, first- and second-grade children rated the permissibility of moral transgressions for a same-age peer, a younger child and an older child. Children also were asked why the transgressions were wrong. Preschool and kindergarten children rated transgressions equally wrong for a same-age peer, a younger and an older child, whereas first and second graders rated transgressions for a same-age peer and an older child as more wrong than for a younger child. Preschoolers stated they did not know why the transgressions were wrong for a younger child, while kindergarten children reasoned that a younger child did not know the rules. First and second graders reasoned that a same-age peer and an older child should know ‘better’, but a younger child would not know ‘better’. Results suggest that children's perceptions of others' moral knowledge is related to children's ability to coordinate domains of social knowledge when making judgements of others' moral transgressions.     

Senior Gambling: Risk or Reward?

For a growing number of older adults, a day outing to a local casino has become one of the more enjoyable and accessible opportunities for socialization and entertainment. Unfortunately, for some older adults this growing pastime increases their risk for developing a gambling problem or, worse yet, a gambling addiction. The consequences of problematic gambling behaviors for individuals living on a fixed income require greater attention by social work researchers, practitioners, and providers of senior services. The development and implementation of a Gambling Education Workshop for older adults attending senior centers in a large metropolitan area, along with qualitative interviews with a sample of workshop participants, are reported in this article. Among the findings from this project are the needs for greater awareness of the risk factors associated with problematic gambling, as well as greater awareness among older adults about the consequences associated with gambling.     

秩序问题和对国家作用的反思

不同社会存在着许多共同的秩序问题,而解决的方式和手段也比较相似.在建立和维护建基于特定产权结构体系之上的社会秩序问题,习俗、禁忌和个人与社会群体自我约束的作用遍及于各种社会.此外,国家或政府的作用在国家社会里极为突出.国家总是和特定的利益集团联系在一起,并能够在很大程度上决定经济秩序.自由放任和守夜人的说法,或者完全是一种理想,或者纯属虚构的神话.在现代市场经济的发展过程中,国家对秩序的作用可以是积极的,也可以是消极的.这并不取决于任何必然性,而是取决于制度和组织背后的人.     

论晴雯形象的人性内涵

晴雯性格特点中尤为重要的一点是她的率真 ,这就使得她在生活细节中会更多地表现出作为一个有血有肉的“人”的最为本真的个性特征。而且由于其所处的环境地位的特殊性所决定 ,这个十几岁的小姑娘有时又不得不在这样的复杂环境中无奈地扮演着悖己的角色 ,甚至还会在对于未来命运的幻想中扭曲了自己的人性 !正是由于这样的原因 ,晴雯的可爱、可怕和可怜共同构成她人性内涵的丰富性和复杂性的一面 ,也正是因为她具有这样的人性内涵 ,才使得晴雯这个人物形象显得如此丰满 ,如此的耐人寻味 !