城市景观设计之运用分析

本文简要概述了城市景观设计与城市规划的大致内容,指出了发展过程中功能设施不健全、设计缺乏人性化以及设计缺乏独特性和创新性的问题。分别从城市道路景观设计的运用、城市居民区景观设计的运用和城市中心广场景观设计的运用三大方面进行了现状中设计类型运用的分析。并在此基础上提出了融入传统文化元素、重视环境因素的影响,因地制宜以及拒绝模仿,在传承中创新设计等有关城市景观设计与运用的建议。     

生态城市的建设理念

确立起正确的建设理念，是生态城市建设在认识层面的基础性环节，是指导生态城市建设全面推进的依据和实施正确人工干预的前提。为此本文从城市发展与运行、城市规划建设、城市区位选择与规模、城市绿化、资源利用和生活方式6个方面提出了生态城市的基本建设理念。     

基于GIS的生态城市 规划决策支持系统框架研究——以中新天津生态城为例

为实现城市可持续发展的目标,生态城市建设在我国掀起了高潮。生态城市规划是进行生态城市建设的首要环节,是一项具有广泛综合性的战略性工作,同时也是一项复杂的系统工程。生态城市规划的形成是科学决策的过程,它不仅需要空间经济、城市发展、城市规划等理论的支撑,还需要广泛的技术支持才能保证规划的科学合理,因此充分发挥现代信息科学优势,     

探讨建筑设计回归到城市设计层面的思路和途径

城市规划是随着城市的不断发展而产生的对于城市的土地、经济、空间、建筑等各项因素做好综合部署的一种具体安排与管理,是促进城市不断发展的重要手段。而建筑设计是针对城市的建筑进行空间、形体、布局、景观等方面进行设计的一种艺术,是城市规划在空间上的落实。让建筑设计回归到城市规划和设计内容中去,是现代城市发展的要求。本文主要分析了在当前的城市化背景下如何让建筑设计回归到城市设计层面的必要性及途径。     

新型城市化背景下城市休闲文化发展研究

城市作为文化的载体,城市文化建设体现了"以人为本"的城市基本责任与发展方向,其中城市休闲文化发展将提升城市文化品位,提高市民生活质量,丰富游客旅游体验。在新型城市化背景下,面对市民游憩休闲与游客旅游休闲需求,促进"城市文化休闲化、城市休闲文化化",建设城市休闲文化,丰富市民与游客休闲生活应该成为城市规划、建设与管理的指导思想和基本政策之一。     

城市控制性详细规划革新之路——谈控制性详细规划与城市设计的融合

当前我国正处于城市化建设的加速期，城市新区建设、旧城改造的规模都在不断扩大。而城市规划作为城市建设的重要依据．在引导和调控方面的作用日益突出。现行的规划体制包括区域规划、城市总体规划、分区规划、详细规划、专项规划以及包含于各个规划层面的城市设计等。因此．如何更好地编制和衔接各层面的规划内容．是我们规划工作者需要思考的一大问题。     

湿地景观设计在现代城市环境中的应用分析

近几年,城市环境建设兴起了建设湿地景观的热潮。这些湿地景观实现了多功能效益,可为人们提供观赏、游玩、娱乐和教育、文化、科学等活动,同时也可改善城市生态环境,促进社会经济的可持续发展,实现人与自然地和谐相处。根据城市湿地的生态属性,对其进行湿地景观设计,使城市湿地功能达到最大化。现代城市大力发展湿地景观设计对现代城市环境发展具有重要意义。本文就对湿地景观设计在现代城市环境中的应用进行了分析研究。     

城市功能与低碳化关系的几个层面

城市是未来应对气候变化的主战场。低碳城市建设将成为未来城市化发展的主要方向。鉴于当前关于低碳城市建设的道路尚不清晰,本文从城市周边生态服务体系的培育出发,论述了其对于低碳城市建设的支撑作用,同时从低碳城市的内部建设,包括城市规划与建设的低碳化、城市运行低碳化以及生活方式低碳化三个层面,来论述低碳城市建设的架构及其内在联系。指出全生命周期的碳排放管理是贯穿低碳城市建设各个层面的核心理念,不同层面的低碳化措施可以相互影响、协同作用,从而构成了低碳城市的有机整体。     

生态城市理论视域下的我国生态城市建设研究

生态城市规划这一理念已经逐渐走入人心,中国的各个城市也着手尝试这一方面的建设规划。其．中在2011年就提出了20多项指标,有7项是资源环境约束性指标。由此得出,生态环境问题已经逐渐被设置为重的位置,节能减排、保护环境刻不容缓。因此中国制药调整自身的经济结构,结合适宜的低碳发展模式来建设生态型城市,才有可能推动我国的经济社会的更好更快地转型。由此,通过生态城市建设现状进行了分析,同时通过国内外生态城市比较,提出一系列改进我国生态城市建设的措施。     

我国生态城市实践的若干思考与探索

以协调人与自然为中心的城市经济社会可持续发展已成为当今社会关注的焦点和重大研究课题。笔者通过生态城市--城市和人类社会永续发展的必然选择、生态城市实践困惑与破解思考、生态城市专题研究探索的案例分析及生态城市建设的统筹与优化等论述,思考与探索破解生态城市实践困惑的方法与路径,提出创新生态城市相关规划及建设重点项目的整合、协同与融合,以及完善跨城市区域范围的相关合作机制,促进生态城市规划建设实施过程优化,以形成新编制国土空间规划统领下一盘棋的生态城市建设局面。     

Fengshui theory in urban landscape planning

The spatial configuration of urban landscapes results from cumulative interactions between human activities and the physical environment. Traditional philosophies and cultural legacies have had important influences on urban development and planning in East Asia. In Seoul, traditional land use practices based on ‘Fengshui’ have significantly contributed to human-mediated patterns of landscape changes, in addition to the role of the socio-economic background (development) and other human activities. The concept of Fengshui was originally founded upon people’s empirical cognition of natural landscape patterns. Recently, however, advanced economic development, westernization and urbanization have been rapidly altering the old traditions of the holistic landscape systems through changing urban planning practices. Since the type, scale, frequency, distribution and spreading pattern of environmental and human disturbances have been changed, a new paradigm for urban landscape planning is necessary to maintain the ecological and cultural integrity of landscapes in Korea. In this paper, we discuss recent concepts and methods of landscape ecology and urban planning from the viewpoint of Fengshui, the traditional land use patterns in Seoul, whose application has so far been restricted only to traditional land evaluation. We conclude that, to maintain the sustainability of the urban landscape, it is necessary to develop a new urban planning framework for the region that is based on the integration between landscape ecology principles with the traditional concepts of Fengshui.     

Urban tree cover: an ecological perspective

Analysis of urban tree cover is generally limited to inventories of tree structure and composition on public lands. This approach provided valuable information for resource management. However, it does not account for all tree cover within an urban landscape, thus providing insufficient information on ecological patterns and processes. We propose evaluating tree cover for an entire urban area that is based on patch dynamics. Treed patches are classified by their origin, structure, and management intensity. A patch approach enables ecologists to evaluate ecological patterns and processes for the entire urban landscape and to examine how social patterns influence these ecological patterns and processes.     

Challenges, threats and opportunities in post-conflict urban development in Kosovo

This paper reports on a special case of restoration of municipal urban planning practice in a post-conflict context. In Kosovo, the administrative environment in which the practice of urban planning and mobility management is embedded is characterized by a high degree of instability. The main reason for this is the transition from a rather centralized form of urban planning, a typical aspect of the Yugoslav planned economy, into a markedly free form of development, characterized by loose control by the authorities. Although this trend can be observed to some extent in many former socialist countries, the Kosovo war in 1999 has dramatically accelerated this process. Given the very European-oriented historic settlement structure, based on a hierarchy of relatively small and compact cities, this trend entails many problems in the areas of environment, infrastructure, mobility, landscape, and property rights.This paper gives an overview of the reasons for this evolution and assesses possible solutions based on field experience from two support programmes (MuSPP by UN-Habitat, and MobKos by the Flemish Government (Belgium)) that are operating in the regional city of Peja/Pe?.     

Assembling the pieces: a framework for the integration of multi-functional ecological main structure in the emerging urban region of Bogotá, Colombia

Bogotá, the capital of the Republic of Colombia, is a tropical highland city located 2,650 m above sea level. It is the 25th largest city in the world and, among large cities, is also one of the highest. In common with other cities in Latin America, a large part of its urban growth during recent centuries has been unplanned and informal. The introduction of green spaces into urban planning in Bogotá began in the mid-20th century, but was first included in official legislation during the 1990s through the concept of Ecological Main Structure (EMS). Initially developed by Dutch scholars, EMS was brought to Colombia via biological conservation practitioners as a means of enhancing biological connectivity in rural and natural landscapes, extended in this case to urban landscapes as a top-level planning instrument. EMS originally included a variety of components, from protected areas and biological conservation tools to environmental urban elements - the emphasis being on biodiversity conservation, without sufficient recognition of specific urban structures and functions. This process led to conceptual disciplinary-based divergence and conflicting political interpretations. The current emergence of EMS as a planning tool for urban regions represents an opportunity for integration, although the risk of divergent interpretations remains, as no integrative conceptual framework has yet been developed. In this paper we review the concepts underlying EMS that have been incorporated within urban and regional planning, especially those of ecological networks and green infrastructure, and also diagnose conceptual and institutional barriers to its current integration, challenges and opportunities which are set in the context of an emerging urban region. We propose a trans-disciplinary framework for multi-level integration of EMS, along a gradient from wild environments to built structures that incorporates emerging concepts such as urban biodiversity, ecosystem services and design in the urban landscape, with the aim of contributing to the creation of an urban landscape that is resilient to environmental change and suitable for human well-being and adaptation.     

Nested patterns in urban butterfly species assemblages: respective roles of plot management,park layout and landscape features

Increasing numbers of cities are currently developing sustainable policies aimed at promoting urban biodiversity and ecological dynamics through the planning of green networks and the implementation of more sustainable management practices. These human activities can strongly influence environmental factors on which the organization of ecological communities at different scales depends. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to understand the relative impact of local management, green space design and landscape features on the distribution and the abundance of species in urban areas. On the basis of 2 years of butterfly surveys in urban public parks within an extensive Mediterranean metropolitan area, Marseille (South-East France), the aim of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the effect of these three environmental scales (plot, park, landscape) on the composition and organization of species assemblages. Using variation partitioning and nestedness analysis on ecological data aggregated at plot-level and park-level respectively, we demonstrate the preponderant effect of landscape scale features on urban butterfly assemblages. Our results also highlight an important co-variation of plot management, park layout and urban landscape features, in their interaction with the community structure of urban butterflies. Although there is no significant species-area relationship, significantly nested patterns arise in species composition. Selective colonization appears as a driving force constraining the constitution of species assemblages within the city. However, a prospective study on adjacent more natural areas suggests that biotic limitations, interspecific competition and habitat filtering may play an important role if a larger portion of the urbanization gradient is explored, which remains to be investigated.     

A case study of urban ecological networks and a sustainable city: Tehran’s metropolitan area

The aim of this study is to propose the application of landscape ecology in planning urban ecological networks to conserve nature in urban landscapes and to develop a sustainable use of urban lands. Compared to the classical planning approach based on socio-economic land suitability, the principles of landscape ecology are helpful simultaneously conserving the ecological processes of landscapes and their steady changes. This approach could help in defining sustainable landscape development, aiming for a balance between both physical and natural systems in urban areas. This research is focused on the ecological networks in Tehran’s metropolitan area as a case study to provide a model for network planning in other urban areas, where urbanization seriously threats the natural environment. In concluding this research, the spatial structure and function of the area are studied and categorized based on the patch-corridor-matrix model. The paper concludes with methods of intervention and suggestions for the structural and functional improvement of urban landscapes towards achieving a more sustainable form of land use planning.     

提升廊坊市文化软实力研究

随着我国经济社会的快速发展,城市规模的不断扩大,对城市规划也提出了越来越高的要求。面对当前城市规划和城市建设的一系列突出问题,必须对传统的城市规划模式进行改革和创新,以可持续发展理论来指导城市规划。据此,以研究廊坊建设"易居、易识别"城市为契机,以期找到能够解决城市建设及发展中诸多问题的有效方法。     

Urban ecosystems: the human dimension

This paper develops a human ecological perspective on cities and urban regions. It describes the role of cities in the expanding human ecological niche and its implications for sustainable urban development. I have used a new technique, ecological footprint analysis, to convert the material and energy flows required to sustain the human population and industrial metabolism of the city into a landecosystem area equivalent. This approach emphasizes that, although urbanization has become the dominant human settlement pattern, cities themselves constitute only a small part of the total ecological space appropriated by their human inhabitants. In short, the ecological locations of human settlements no longer coincide with their geographic locations. Every city and urban region depends for its existence and growth on a globally diffuse productive hinterland up to 200 times the size of the city itself. Cities are therefore increasingly vulnerable to global ecological change and geopolitical instability. Given the deteriorating state of the ecosphere, policies to decrease the ecological footprint of cities while increasing regional self-reliance may enhance urban sustainability.     

基于分权视角的城市规划管理体制模式及改革建议

关于我国的城市规划管理权限一直存在＂集中＂与＂放权＂的讨论,并且城市规划管理体制也存在差异。通过对全国部分城市的规划管理体制进行梳理,从市、区（县、市）两级分权视角总结出我国城市规划管理体制中的＂垂直型＂、＂半垂直型＂和＂非垂直型＂三种典型模式,分别以南京、北京和上海为案例分析三种规划管理体制典型模式的主要特点和事权划分,并对其各自的优缺点进行比较,最后提出我国城市规划管理体制改革的若干建议,包括将规划决策权＂上收＂与实施管理重心＂下移＂、建立＂市—区—镇（街）＂三级规划管理机构体系、整合市区两级规划部门内部机构设置形成＂大处室＂和＂大科室＂以及完善城市规划委员会制度等。     

地铁对城市现代化的影响

地铁是城市发展现代化的一个重要标志。本文分析了国内外城市地铁的构建、运营以及地铁在城市化进程中的作用，进而系统阐释了地铁对广州城市发展、社会生活及生态环境的影响和意义。