我国企业跨文他管理的探讨

随着世界经济一体化的到来，全球出现了越来越多的跨国公司，这些公司有遍布世界各个国家和地区的分公司、合资公司及控股公司，公司内部会有来自不同文化背景的员工，公司的经营管理也会面对不同国家地区的文化差异。如何在各种不同的地区文化背景差异下，进行跨文化管理，制定出企业跨国经营的发展战略，也日益成为决定一个企业兴衰存亡的关键因素。     

浅析现代企业备品备件库存管理模式

备品备件管理是设备管理的重要工作,对备品备件做好科学、合理的管理为生产的进行和企业的发展提供重要基础和保障。本文针对现代企业备品备件库存管理模式进行详细的叙述,分析了不同的管理模式的特点和适用范围,为大家提供参考。     

公务员地区收入差距分析

收入分配问题是具有政治意义的社会经济问题,公务员工资分配关系到公务员队伍建设和政府行政效能的提高。不同地区公务员之间的收入差距是当前我国社会收入差距的表现形式之一。即使在公务员内部,不同地区公务员之间也存在收入差距。本文试图通过对不同地区公务员收入的比较,探讨其存在的收入差距和影响收入差距的因素,并且对不同地区公务员收入差距提出合理的解决措施。目的是进一步完善公务员工资制度,规范公务员工资分配秩序,合理调控公务员地区间工资差距,促进公务员工资管理的规范化、制度化、法制化。     

出租车公司的“黑“暗家史

在北京,有6.6万辆出租车归属于一个个不同的公司。各种形式不同的出租车公司是靠出租车司机的辛苦赚钱的,而除了司机正常应该交纳的费用,各个公司还在采取多样的手段赚着黑钱。记者历时半年,采访了北京市100多位出租车司机,出租车公司经理,揭开了层层黑幕     

嘴越勤，胃越苦

唐代医学家孙思邈认为,在不同的季节、月份里,人的口味应该有所改变;要使身体健康无病,五脏平安不受伤害,吃的东西就要滋味平淡,从而达到清神、固精、平和血气的作用。如果饮食五味不调,就会给人带来不利于健康的影响。     

西部地区高中生与初中生英语完形填空错误的差异分析

采用资料收集式,运用错误分析法对部地区高中生与初中生英语完形填空错误的差异进行了实证研究,并对分析了原因及相应教学策略。研究发现,西部地区中学英语语言学习环境差是导致英语水平低下的主要原因,在教学中应该厚基础,系统提高词汇与语法等基础知识,合理地利用现代化的网络手段为学生营造轻松、活跃的语言环境。     

地区分级制度对不同规模城市人口城市化水平的影响——以京津冀地区为例

我国应该优先发展中小城市还是优先发展大城市这个问题,一直是城市经济学界争论的焦点之一。笔者站在地区分级制度的角度,将地区分级制度对不同规模城市人口城市化率的影响这一问题进行量化分析,得出了不同规模的城市对政策的依赖程度不同,且规模越小的城市依赖度越高的结论,进而     

赢在雇主品牌

据美国Conference Board的研究报告《用你的品牌吸引员工》显示,在参加调查的138个美国顶级公司中已经有40%的公司在用与塑造公司品牌同样的方法去打造雇主品牌,吸引和保持优秀人才。那么在我国,企业品牌的内在价值——雇主品牌建设的现状如何呢?最佳雇主怎样评选才更有意义、雇主品牌到底能给企业带来怎样的价值、企业应该如何打造自己的雇主品牌?联想集团的副总裁乔健女士、对外经贸大学的牛雄鹰教授和中华英才网副总裁张廷文共同来探讨这个话题。     

保持健康长寿的几点建议

如何保持健康长寿，笔者有几点建议： 1．饮食有节，健身益寿。“饮食有节”是传统养生之道。饮食有节度就是要求科学营养、平衡膳食。平衡膳食是保持健康的最佳途径。老年人一日三餐，应以素食为主，合理搭配，食量比例应该是3：4：3，每餐都宜少食，特别是晚餐，切忌暴饮暴餐。同时，饮食要多样化且清淡，     

公司控制权理论下中小股东权益保护法律问题研究

公司控制权是现代公司治理研究的核心问题,公司控制权是从股东权派生出来的一项权利.股东基于其所享有的股权的 不同,对公司的影响也就不同.因此,健全公司的治理结构,对控股股东以及中小股东之间进行合理的配置,避免中小股东因在公司 中所处的劣势地位而遭受损害.基于对中小股东权益保护的角度出发,本文试图从确立大股东诚信义务等方面来探讨该问题.     

DYNAMIC COMMON AGENCY AND INVESTMENT: THE ECONOMICS OF MOVIE DISTRIBUTION

This article analyzes investment and other strategies in a stationary dynamic common agency model of movie distribution. Contract choices interact with other strategic choices. The model explains several facts; movie distributors avoid head-to-head new hit releases, hits have longer runs than flops, and distributors receive the lion's share of value generated by hits. The model yields testable implications about the effects of vertical integration on inventory turnover, release decisions, run lengths, and allocations, but the results depend on how integration affects relative bargaining power. Vertical integration is privately profitable and may improve social welfare even though it reduces industry profits. (JEL L14 , L22 , L82 , C61 )     

Longitudinal associations between submissive/nonassertive social behavior and different types of peer victimization

Previous research, primarily in North America, has found that submissive and nonassertive behaviors are associated with peer victimization during childhood. A limitation of this work has been the failure to examine the relationships between such behaviors and different types of peer victimization. To overcome this weakness, we developed an inventory to assess the bidirectional longitudinal associations between three different types of victimization and submissive/nonassertive social behavior. The inventory was completed by 449 children aged 9 to 11 years at two time points over the course of an academic year. The inventory generated self-report scores and peer nominations. A robust finding was that submissive/nonassertive social behavior predicted an increase in social exclusion only. In examining the other direction of the relationship, we found that only social exclusion predicted changes in submissive/nonassertive social behavior over time. The findings advance our understanding of the social skills deficits that put children at risk for peer victimization, and of the implications of victimization for the development of submissive/nonassertive social skills problems.     

Seasonal activity patterns of sympatric eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and fox squirrels (Sciurus niger) in a Midwestern metropolitan region

Niche partitioning reduces interspecific competition, facilitating coexistence. In urban ecosystems, however, habitat loss reduces species’ ability to spatially partition activity. Temporal partitioning may thus increase in urban areas as species, unable to avoid each other spatially, partition time to avoid competition. In Midwestern US cities, eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and fox squirrels (S. niger) co-occur and compete for resources. We identified urban gray and fox squirrel activity patterns and how they vary with season, land cover, and among sites where they do and do not co-occur using camera-trap data. Both species’ activity patterns varied with season and canopy and impervious surface cover. Gray squirrel activity patterns varied in the presence of fox squirrels only in the fall, providing limited support for our temporal partitioning hypothesis. Temporal niche partitioning may thus play a role in supporting these species co-existence when competition is seasonally-elevated (e.g., fall hording), but appears less important in other seasons.

     

城市边缘区失地农民居住空间形态与发展模式研究

随着城市的不断蔓延扩张,边缘区的失地农民越来越多,并形成了一个新的社会群体。本文对失地农民居住形态进行探讨,采取多功能混合居住模式使得居住空间朝着合理的方向发展,以达到居住活动形态与居住空间形态的辩证统一。针对失地农民这一特殊人群,通过对其居住空间的规划研究来避免以往“撤村建居”安置过程中出现的矛盾,将对失地农民居住空间形态的研究提前到其农村聚落向城市聚落转变的初期,有效避免“城中村”的形成,更具有实际操作性。     

Does urbanization affect the seasonal dynamics of bird communities in urban parks?

The environmental factors affecting the spatial dynamics of bird communities in urban parks are well understood, but much less attention has been paid to the seasonal dynamics of bird communities. Since migrant and resident human commensal birds might have contrasting responses to environmental factors of urban parks, we expected different seasonal dynamics among parks. On the other hand, because bird species can have different habitat relationships throughout the year, we also expected different responses of bird richness to environmental variables between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Bird surveys were conducted in 14 small urban parks (1–4 Ha) of Mar del Plata city (Argentina) for one full annual cycle. Bird richness changed between seasons, but bird abundance remained constant. Bird community composition did not vary between seasons, but urban parks near the urban center, with the highest pedestrian traffic and isolation to other green areas had the least seasonal change of composition. During the breeding season, bird richness was negatively affected by the percentage cover of high buildings surrounding the immediate limits of parks, whereas during the non-breeding season bird richness was not related with any environmental variable. Bird composition variation among parks was affected by the distance to the urban center during both seasons. Results showed that urbanization promotes a seasonal homogenization of bird communities in urban parks, probably by affecting the presence of migrant species and promoting the temporal stability of human commensal species.     

Dangerous Machinery: “Conspiracy Theorist” as a Transpersonal Strategy of Exclusion

In a culture of fear, we should expect the rise of new mechanisms of social control to deflect distrust, anxiety, and threat. Relying on the analysis of popular and academic texts, we examine one such mechanism, the label conspiracy theory, and explore how it works in public discourse to “go meta” by sidestepping the examination of evidence. Our findings suggest that authors use the conspiracy theorist label as (1) a routinized strategy of exclusion; (2) a reframing mechanism that deflects questions or concerns about power, corruption, and motive; and (3) an attack upon the personhood and competence of the questioner. This label becomes dangerous machinery at the transpersonal levels of media and academic discourse, symbolically stripping the claimant of the status of reasonable interlocutor—often to avoid the need to account for one's own action or speech. We argue that this and similar mechanisms simultaneously control the flow of information and symbolically demobilize certain voices and issues in public discourse.     

Validation of the Individual and Community Empowerment Inventory: A Measure of Rap Music Engagement among First-Year College Students

Amid robust debates about the impact of music on the lives of young people, empirically validated measures of music engagement are absent. The present study builds on the construction of the Individual and Community Empowerment (ICE) inventory, a measure to capture different types of empowerment and different types of risk potential from rap music engagement. The scientific intent of the scale development and the present validation study was to test the simultaneous presence of empowerment and risk associated with music engagement and its application to the individual and community. A unique sample existed for the present study in comparison to the original, with the bulk of respondents being first-year college students and White. Results of the present study suggest that the ICE inventory is an effective and comparative measure of risk and empowerment. Major findings about the instrument’s utility were replicated, but results were divergent from original research on certain demographic trends with respect to gender, age, and race/ethnicity. Empowering and risky music engagement scale means were higher among male and younger respondents. White respondents had significantly lower mean scores than all other groups on empowerment scales, and African Americans had lower scores on the individual risk scale than other groups. Each result suggests the need for additional research. The validation of the ICE inventory offers promise for helping to collect, organize, and interpret new data on associations between music engagement and desirable health and well-being outcomes.     

Photosynthetic CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> uptake and carbon sequestration potential of deciduous and evergreen tree species in an urban environment

Urban tree planting programmes are increasingly promoted as a way to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) mixing ratios. However, few studies have investigated the photosynthetic CO₂ uptake potential of different urban tree species across seasons. In particular little is known about photosynthetic CO₂ uptake in cities with a subtropical, oceanic climate where evergreen species are dominant. We addressed this shortcoming by measuring net photosynthetic rates of ten native and exotic tree species during different seasons and times of the day in Auckland, New Zealand. We also assessed the potential of leaf nitrogen (N) concentration as a proxy for net photosynthetic capacities of urban trees, which is of particular importance to upscale leaf-level photosynthetic CO₂ uptake to local and regional scales. In addition, we compared measured net photosynthetic capacities (light-saturated net photosynthetic rates) with carbon (C) sequestration rates estimated using tree growth measurements and allometric equations. Mean net photosynthetic capacities ranged between 2.37 and 10.48 μmol m^?2 s^?1 across all seasons and were closely related to tree C sequestration rates, suggesting that increased photosynthesis enhances growth rates and therefore tree C sequestration rates. Given that winter net photosynthetic capacities remained high in evergreen species (3.38–13.96 μmol m^?2 s^?1), with almost 50% higher mean net photosynthetic capacity compared to summer across all species, we suggest that tree planting programmes for CO₂ mitigation should favour long living evergreen tree species with high basal area increments (BAI). Leaf N explained 43% and 57% of the variability of photosynthetic capacities across species in summer and winter, respectively. These results indicate that leaf N may be used as a proxy for net photosynthetic capacities of commonly planted urban trees in Auckland. However, further research is required to provide robust models that may be used to estimate photosynthetic CO₂ uptake at a local and urban scale.     

STRATEGIC EXCLUSION OF THE HIGHEST‐VALUED BIDDERS IN WHOLESALE AUTOMOBILE AUCTIONS

By restricting bidders to be qualified dealers, wholesale automobile auctions exclude the bidders who place the highest value on the vehicles: consumers. This article provides an explanation for this puzzling entry restriction by modeling the inventory‐management decisions of a firm. If an automobile dealer has more vehicles in inventory than is optimal, it cannot reduce its inventory by selling directly to consumers without impacting the demand for the automobiles that remain. However, if the dealer sells his/her excess inventory to a competitor, the demand for his/her remaining vehicles increases as the competitor responds by acquiring fewer additional vehicles. We demonstrate that for any market demand function and any cost of the competitor acquiring additional vehicles, a dealer with excess inventory does better by selling a subset of its vehicles to a competitor rather than directly to consumers. We discuss the market for wholesale automobiles in relation to other markets where goods are also auctioned but where entry is not restricted to qualified dealers. Doing so allows us to compare our inventory‐management explanation to common explanations provided by industry practitioners. We find that intuitive alternative stories do not consistently explain practices across markets. (JEL D44, L11, L62)     

A STUDY OF AUTOMOBILE INVENTORY INVESTMENT

The volatile fluctuations in automobile inventory levels are explained well by the stock-adjustment model estimated in this paper on monthly time-series data. In contrast to the findings of most previous inventory studies, fluctuations in financial inventory carrying costs (as measured by a service cost of capital) are found to influence the target auto stocks in both a statistically significant and economically important manner. Also, the speed-of-adjustment of automobile inventories to their target level is estimated to be relatively fast, about thirty percent per month.