河南省产学研合作创新绩效评价研究

运用DEA模型原理,探讨在产学研合作创新绩效评价有效性的前提下,以河南省10个地市作为决策单元构建指标体系,整理相关的原始数据代入DEA模型,运用DEAP2.1软件求解,得到产学研合作创新相对效率值。针对效率值非DEA有效的地市,以信阳市为例说明如何采用合理的方案改进,使DEA效率值达到有效,并提出可供参考的对策和建议。     

资源约束型两阶段生产系统的DEA效率评价模型

经典的数据包络分析(DEA)模型将决策单元看作"黑箱",忽视决策单元的内部过程,必然会高估决策单元的效率。本文研究了一种资源约束型两阶段生产系统的DEA效率评价方法,针对此类生产过程的内部过程,研究其内部运行机制对整体效率的影响。本文提出的模型实质上是一类特殊的网络DEA模型,其评价原理有别于已有的研究成果,但更有助于管理者确定生产过程的非有效来源及其效率改进方向。实例证实本文方法的合理性。     

基于可变权重的DEA效率评价模型

传统DEA模型将投入、产出权重视为固定变量。为了更合理地对决策单元的效率进行评价,本文研究了如何将有关投入、产出变量的权重的更多信息融入效率评价模型,提出了可变权重的概念,给出了一种基于可变权重的DEA效率评价模型。本文模型是CCR模型的推广。在有关权重信息可得的前提下,本文模型较之CCR模型中效率评价上更为合理。但是,如何准确度量投入、产出权重并将其函数化,是本文方法应用的难点。一个算例分析演示了本文模型。     

基于超效率DEA的能源效率评价模型研究

在全要素能源效率框架下,结合能源系统的特点,构建了以能源消费总量、从业人员数和固定资产折旧为投入指标、经济产值为产出指标的能源效率评价指标体系;基于超效率 DEA方法建立了能源效率评价模型,并对2006年我国30个区域进行了实证研究;最后,通过规模收益分析和能源效率影响因素分析,探讨了我国区域能源效率的改进途径.     

基于DEA的能源效率评价模型研究

在全要素能源效率框架下,根据能源系统的特点,基于DEA方法建立能源效率评价模型,对中国30个行政区域进行实证研究.针对能源效率的概念缺少统一标准的现状,从综合投入、技术效率和有效产出3个角度界定能源效率概念,为能源效率研究提供清晰的概念框架;构建以能源消费总量、从业人员总数和固定资产折旧为投入指标以及以经济产出和环境影响为产出指标的能源效率评价指标体系,在此基础上构建能源经济效率和能源环境效率评价指标体系;结合主成分分析法建立可处理非期望产出的DEA能源效率评价模型.通过实证研究发现,评价模型在理论研究方面可以有效应用于能源效率的评价.并较好地满足系统分析的要求;在生产实践方面可以为能源效率提供更合理的计量和考核标准,并为中国实现节能减排目标、制定相关政策和措施提供决策支持.     

两阶段生产系统的DEA效率评价模型

数据包络分析(DEA)作为一种数学规划方法,已经被广泛用来评价一个决策单元相对于其它决策单元的效率。经典的DEA模型把决策单元看作一个“黑箱”,对决策单元的内部运行机制不作深入的研究。本文以一个两阶段生产系统为例,从生产系统的内部过程出发,提出一个基于DEA的模型以合理评估该决策单元的相对效率。本文提出的模型实质上是一类特殊的网络DEA模型,其评价原理有别于已有的研究成果,但确实有助于管理者确定生产过程(如供应链)的非有效来源及其效率改进方向。     

基于DEA方法的我国产学研专利技术转移效率研究——以四川省为例

首先基于产学研协同创新理论和专利技术转移相关概念,结合DEA方法关于指标选取的原则和可行性分析,从投入产出维度构建了专利技术转移效率评价指标体系;再采用DEA方法对全国2009~2013年的数据进行分析,得出各省区的DEA效率值;最后以四川为例,针对四川省非DEA有效找出不足之处,提出改进建议。     

基于交叉评价策略的DEA全局协调相对效率排序模型

在DEA(数据包络分析)研究领域,建构在交叉效率概念基础上的现有决策单元排序方法仅以定义的方式给出了用于决策单元排序的交叉效率评价值。对于这种方法构建方式,分别基于管理学的效率概念和多属性决策理论,分析指出其中的交叉效率评价值从本质上讲既与效率的管理学概念不符,也与决策单元的优劣不存在理性逻辑联系。为克服现有决策单元排序方法所存在的上述问题,基于交叉评价策略和效率的管理学概念内涵给出了DEA全局协调相对效率的新概念,在此基础上利用优化理论给出了可以用于决策单元优劣排序的DEA全局协调相对效率测度模型,并通过理论分析和数值案例验证解释了该模型相对于现有决策单元排序方法所拥有的比较优势。     

基于偏好DEA模型的中国纺织业效率评价

基于具有输入输出指标偏好信息的数据包络分析模型评价中国纺织工业的效率,给出了描述规模报酬不变和规模报酬可变假设的DEA模型及其对偶规划的一种形式。模型克服传统DEA模型应用中常见的决策单元权重为零进而高估决策单元效率的不合理现象,有效地测算了中国31个地区纺织工业的经济运行效率,并分析了地区间效率水平差异的原因。利用各决策单元在经验生产前沿面上的投影点,估计了中国纺织工业的随机生产前沿函数,最后用效率弹性线性递减模型分析了销售收入、人均资产、台港澳和外商投资对各地区效率的微观影响关系。     

区间DEA模型求解算法及其在项目投资效率评价中的应用

当决策单元的变量取值区间范围较大时,经典区间DEA求解算法求得的相对效率区间长度也可能较大,对决策单元有效性的解释力低,很难直观反映相对效率的大小。将决策单元的变量区间划分为若干个子区间,分别计算决策单元在各子区间上的DEA效率,进而求得综合效率区间,作为评价决策单元有效性的基准。综合效率区间的区间长度比经典算法的求解结果小,将新算法应用于投资项目的效率评价,便于对投资项目的效率大小进行比较,进而为项目投资决策提供科学依据。     

超效率DEA模型的模糊扩展

在输入、输出数据为模糊数而效率值为准确值的模糊DEA模型中,会出现有两个以上有效单元,从而无法对所有决策单元进行全排序的情形。本文利用模糊数的基于α-截集的比较规则,建立了模糊条件下的超效率DEA模型,有效地解决了模糊决策单元的全排序问题。文末给出了一个实例。     

Ranking efficient units in DEA

Super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model can be used in ranking the performance of efficient decision making units (DMUs). Because of the infeasibility problem associated with the super-efficiency DEA model, ranking has been restricted to the model where constant returns to scale and proportional changes in all inputs or all outputs are assumed. In fact, when super-efficiency is used as an efficiency stability measure, infeasibility means the highest super-efficiency. However, if super-efficiency is interpreted as input saving or output surplus achieved by a specific efficient DMU, infeasibility does not necessarily mean the highest super-efficiency. In order to obtain a complete ranking of efficient DMUs when the two assumptions are relaxed, a modified super-efficiency DEA model is proposed to overcome the infeasibility problem and to correctly capture the super-efficiency represented by the input saving or the output surplus. The current paper suggests using both input- and output-oriented super-efficiency models to characterize the super-efficiency when infeasibility occurs. As a result, we can rank the efficient DMUs if infeasibility occurs. The approach is applied to 20 largest Japanese companies and 15 US cities, respectively.     

风险条件下研发项目改进DEA选择模型

研发项目是企业提高竞争力的关键,研发项目选择关系到企业的战略和未来发展趋势。研发项目在生命周期内面临技术风险、突发风险和市场风险,本文考虑到研发项目的风险特征,结合企业战略,构建了基于效率排序的研发项目选择模型。首先,本文对研发项目的有效性和相对于其它备选项目的相对优势进行分析;然后针对数据包络分析模型排序的不足,结合平衡计分卡理念,规范研发项目投入的比例,引入实物期权理论,改进数据包络分析模型,实现了对研发项目的效率排序;最后通过实际算例对模型进行验证、横向对比和敏感性分析,结果表明：相对于标准数据包络分析模型,本文提出的模型具有更高的效率区分度,并且能够敏感地捕捉到研发项目投入和产出的变化对效率影响的演变过程。     

A slack-based measure of efficiency in context-dependent data envelopment analysis

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been proven as an excellent data-oriented performance evaluation method when multiple inputs and outputs are present in a set of peer decision-making units (DMUs). In the DEA literature, a context-dependent DEA is developed to provide finer evaluation results by examining the efficiency of DMUs in specific performance levels based upon radial DEA efficiency scores. In DEA, non-zero input and output slacks are very likely to present after the radial efficiency score improvement. Often, these non-zero slack values represent a substantial amount of inefficiency. Therefore, in order to fully measure the inefficiency in DMU's performance, it is very important to also consider the inefficiency represented by the non-zero slacks in the context-dependent DEA. This study proposes a slack-based context-dependent DEA which allows a full evaluation of inefficiency in a DMUs performance. By using slack-based efficiency measure, we obtain different frontier levels and more appropriate performance benchmarks for inefficient DMUs.     

Benchmarking of maintenance and outage repair in an electricity distribution company using the value-based DEA method

Benchmarking of electricity distribution utilities has been widely used as a means to contribute for the adoption or reinforcement of enhanced competitiveness and innovation practices to optimize costs, increase customer satisfaction, improve corporate image and maximize profits. The purpose of this paper is to present a benchmarking study for the maintenance and outage repair activity carried out by a Portuguese electricity distribution company, EDP Distribuição (EDP-D), using the value-based DEA method, which builds on links between data envelopment analysis (DEA) and multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA). This study illustrates the impact of the incorporation of managerial preferences in the classification and ranking of 40 network areas served by EDP-D, confronting the results with a previous study based on a BCC DEA model. In order to deal with the underlying uncertainty, the value-based DEA method for performance evaluation is adapted to include the concept of super-efficiency. Besides identifying best practices, sources of inefficiency, gaps relatively to best practices and opportunities for improvement, this analysis supports the introduction of corrective measures and informs decisions about future goals.     

存在保证域的模糊超效率DEA模型

模糊DEA模型是用于解决存在模糊数据的决策单元(DMUs)效率评价问题的,然而现有的模糊DEA模型分辨率低,本文构建了存在保证域的模糊超效率DEA模型,并给出了一种基于截集的求解方法并进行了证明,该模型有效地解决了输入和输出全部或部分为模糊数的决策单元全排序问题。最后给出了一个银行效率评价的实例说明了方法的有效性。     

Super-efficiency based on a modified directional distance function

The problem of infeasibility arises in conventional radial super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) models under variable returns to scale (VRS). To tackle this issue, a Nerlove–Luenberger (N–L) measure of super-efficiency is developed based on a directional distance function. Although this N–L super-efficiency model does not suffer infeasibility problem as in the conventional radial super-efficiency DEA models, it can produce an infeasible solution in two special situations. The current paper proposes to modify the directional distance function by selecting proper feasible reference bundles so that the resulting N–L measure of super-efficiency is always feasible. As a result, our modified VRS super-efficiency model successfully addresses the infeasibility issues occurring either in conventional VRS models or the N–L super-efficiency model. Numerical examples are used to demonstrate our approach and compare results obtained from various super-efficiency measures.     

两阶段DEA前沿面投影问题研究——兼对我国上市银行运营绩效进行评价

DEA方法,即数据包络分析方法,是一种用于评价决策单元(Decision Making Units,DMUs)相对有效性的实证方法。近年来DEA方法已经广泛的应用于各行各业的绩效评价中,并发展出两阶段DEA方法。两阶段DEA方法相对于传统DEA方法的优势在于,它不但可以提供被评价对象的总体效率值,还可以分别生成每一阶段的效率值。但正是由于中间要素的存在,按照传统的DEA方法来调整两阶段DEA投入、产出要素的优化过程已不能成功投影在有效前沿面上。本文基于两阶段DEA方法,通过加入"虚拟中间要素"在两阶段DEA中嵌入一个"虚拟阶段",这样不但完善了两阶段DEA的逻辑结构,而且成功的将被评价单元投影到有效前沿面。最后本文应用以上方法对我国上市银行的运营绩效进行了实证分析。实证结果令我们意外的是,国有商业银行运营绩效优于股份制银行。     

Directional distance based diversification super-efficiency DEA models for mutual funds

Current data envelopment analysis (DEA) models with diversification cannot discriminate the performance of efficient mutual funds. Based on the directional distance function and diversification DEA models, this paper proposes two diversification super-efficiency models for discriminating the performance of efficient mutual funds on financial market. The proposed diversification super-efficiency models as well as the corresponding diversification DEA models are feasible and can deal with negative values in risk measures, transaction costs and return measures. The proposed methods generate bounded super-efficiency scores for all the funds. Under the assumption of discrete return distributions, all the models in the proposed diversification super-efficiency methods can be transformed into linear programming (LP) problems by choosing proper risk and return measures. To demonstrate the validity and practicality of the proposed diversification super-efficiency methods, we apply them to evaluate the performance of mutual funds in the American market. The empirical results show that the proposed diversification super-efficiency models can distinguish efficient funds well and the linear combination of efficient funds might be inefficient. Moreover, the backtesting results show that the proposed diversification super-efficiency models generally have a good practice value for the actual portfolio selection.     

不完备判断信息情境下群组DEMATEL决策方法

为克服群组决策试行与评价实验室（DEMATEL）方法难以处理不完备专家判断信息问题，以及预先指定评价标度和群组信息集成规则不适应复杂决策环境的内在缺陷，本文基于群共识排序理论，提出一种能够有效处理不完备判断信息的群组DEMATEL决策方法。该方法的创新之处在于：第一，它能够以灵活的标度方式有效地反映群组专家的偏好判断表达。第二，它也能通过序列转换和共识度的引入较好地处理群组DEMATEL不完备判断信息。第三，它能够合理地反映决策结果因群共识水平不同而变化的复杂机理。实例验证结果表明，所提方法是切实可行的，能够有效解决实践中的决策问题。