The future of social work education: beyond the state of the art

David Cox (1995) argues that social work educators need to engage with social issues if they are to move social work away from the doldrums in which it has become trapped. Although this is true, changes of a greater magnitude are required if social work practice is to remain relevant in the twenty-first century. In a globalizing world, social work educators have to play a key role in internationalizing the social work curricula (academic and practicum) and socializing practitioners to embrace emancipatory approaches to social work if they are to counteract the brutalizing forces of industrialism and militarism. Engaging with social change to empower excluded groups requires social workers to work with "clients", policy-makers and international welfare organizations in ways that link the personal and structural dimensions of social life. In short, practitioners need to go beyond the state of the art if their interventions are to respond to the "person-in-their-situation" in a modern context.     

社会管理创新视阈下民办社会工作服务机构发展的意义与路径

社会变迁与社会转型整体上迅速推进了我国政治、经济、社会、文化的发展进程,而随之出现的社会问题和社会矛盾,给我国社会发展带来了诸多困境与挑战,社会工作也由此迎来了发展机遇。本文立足当前社会转型与变迁的现实,分析民办社工服务组织的现状,探索了社会管理视阈下,我国民办社会工作机构的发展路径,以期为实现社会管理创新战略目标,推进和谐社会建设进程提供参考。     

社会资本的生成依据探究

从社会哲学层次而言,社会资本就是能够为特定主体带来回报的社会关系资源。作为一种社会关系资源,社会资本的生成与社会关系的生成是同步的：现实的人是社会资本生成的前提,物质生产和交往是社会资本生成的实践基础,人的需要是社会资本生成的必要条件,这三者共同构成社会资本的生成依据。     

转型期社会心理困境与社会工作的回应

有什么样的社会现实就有什么样的社会心理状态。社会转型期的社会心理相对于常态时期具有更复杂、更躁动、更迷茫、更活跃的特点。本文主要阐述了转型期社会心理困境表现,特别指出社会工作在缓解转型期社会心理困境方面的价值与功能。     

Social Exclusion, Inequality and Social Work

This paper sets out the environment of inequality in which social work and the poor have recently operated. It explores pragmatic and idealist arguments concerning whether or not the poor need social work. Finally, policy solutions developed in consultation with social service users and carers are suggested in relation to poverty and social exclusion. Social exclusion can be linked to relative poverty as exclusion from economic and social norms. However, there is a wider brief in our own government’s publications and those of Europe, of examining how people are excluded from actions and policies of agencies who are there to support them. This paper will retain the concepts of poverty as lack of material income, and inequality as the gap between the rich and the poor, while being aware of the policy implications for social service users and carers of the more comprehensive process of being shut out partially or fully from social, economic, political and cultural systems. The debates around social work, social exclusion and inequality that follow establish: that some of the poor do need social work; that the poverty of social service users is related to policies that have restructured welfare in Britain; that the reason for individuals approaching or being referred to social services are complex but are likely to include financial deprivation as a key contributory factor; that if the poor do need social work, advocacy is essential rather than social work being seen as concerned only with social control—taking children into care, mentally ill people into hospitals, and advising the DSS on the suitability of claimants for benefits. Finally, the discussion turns to new policy agendas on social exclusion instigated by the Labour government. What positive difference can such policies make for social service users, their carers and social workers?.     

Social Scientists and Other People

In the context of considering problems associated with curriculum development in social science education, an attempt is made to identify roles of the social sciences and social scientists in society. Issues and debates in several of the social sciences are reviewed and positions underlying these issues are postulated. In particular, a moral component is posited, and implications for research and other activities such as social science education are indicated.     

What's Social About Social Emotions?

This paper presents a new approach to the demarcation of social emotions, based on their dependence on social appraisals that are designed to assess events bearing on social concerns. Previous theoretical attempts to characterize social emotions are compared, and their inconsistencies highlighted. Evidence for the present formulation is derived from theory and research into links between appraisals and emotions. Emotions identified as social using our criteria are also shown to bring more consistent consequences for social behavior than nonsocial emotions. We conclude by considering ways of validating and refining our classification.     

Multi-level analysis of cultural phenomena: The role of ERPs approach to prejudice

Brain processes and social processes are not as separated as many of our Social Psychology and Neuroscience departments. This paper discusses the potential contribution of social neuroscience to the development of a multi-level, dynamic, and context-sensitive approach to prejudice. Specifically, the authors review research on event related potentials during social bias, stereotypes, and social attitudes measurements, showing that electrophysiological methods are powerful tools for analyzing the temporal fine-dynamics of psychological processes involved in implicit and explicit prejudice. Meta-theoretical implications are drawn regarding the social psychological modeling of social attitudes, and for the integration of social neuroscience into a multi-level account of cultural behavior.     

More social than capital: Social capital accumulation through social network exchange among legal and unauthorized Mexican migrants

Social capital is frequently used to explain many policy related outcomes, but research has not adequately explained how it is accumulated. It is unclear whether the economic or social characteristics of others in a social network motivate social capital accumulation. This lack of understanding has called some to question social capital's efficacy. Employing data from a survey of randomly selected foreign-born Mexicans in Los Angeles County, the influence of social and economic characteristics of a migrant's social network members are estimated. Results suggest a negative association with social capital accumulation for Mexican migrants with a social network member outside their neighborhood. Having married social network members is positively associated for legal Mexicans, while having network members who work in occupations requiring more social skills is positively associated for unauthorized Mexicans accumulating social capital. Measures of human and financial capital are not associated with the probability of developing social capital.     

企业社会工作介入员工关系管理的新探索——以深圳市B企业员工为例

企业社会工作作为社会工作的一项重要实务领域,是将社会工作的专业理念与手法运用到企业之中服务企业员工,在协调企业内部员工关系方面发挥着重要作用。目前,我国的企业社会工作还处在探索阶段,相关研究和实务经验均有限,而且在企业内的应用也充满了挑战。文章以笔者所在社工机构中的社工在深圳市B企业开展的项目服务为例,探索企业社会工作在员工关系管理中的应用,并就项目实施过程中所存在的困惑进行简要分析,以期为我国企业社会工作的发展提供些许借鉴。     

Environmental activation of citizens in the context of policy agenda formation and the influence of social capital

Citizens activation for environmental issues is a significant parameter for the resolution of environmental problems. The present article analyzes the influence of social factors, connected with social capital literature, on environmental activation. In particular, social capital is defined as a multi-dimensional concept consisting of several structural and cognitive elements. Through a theoretical analysis, the main links between social capital components and environmental activation are underlined. Furthermore, the results of an empirical survey are presented highlighting that several elements of social capital are positively connected with environmental activation along with issues of linking social capital.     

社会资本的社会管理创新价值

社会管理创新重点在于体制创新与机制创新,体制创新是社会管理创新的逻辑起点。社会管理创新要解决的首要问题是政府对公共权力及其价值的基本认知。社会管理创新的关键在于政府与社会之间建立平等的合作关系,形成协同治理的合作状态。社会管理创新的基本目的是实现社会资源的有效整合,提高社会整体运行效率,降低社会管理成本。社会资本以人际关系、组织间关系为基本研究论域。在社会管理创新过程中,信任社会资本、网络社会资本、规范社会资本能够有效地提高集体行动的效率,降低行为风险和社会管理的不确定性。     

Social Empathy: A Model Built on Empathy,Contextual Understanding,and Social Responsibility That Promotes Social Justice

ABSTRACT

A model of social empathy is described where social empathy is defined as the ability to more deeply understand people by perceiving or experiencing their life situations and as a result gain insight into structural inequalities and disparities. The three components of the model—individual empathy, contextual understanding, and social responsibility—are explored and explained. Social empathy provides a framework for more effective social policies that address disparities and support social and economic justice for all people. Social workers are well positioned to enhance social empathy, and application and suggestions for further enhancement and research are provided.     

社会工作在创新社会管理中的作用

发展社会事业、促进社会公正、加强社会管理、完善社会体制是新的历史时期社会建设的主要内容。创新社会管理就是要以主动的建设和变革为手段,以改善社会的状况、建设一个更好的社会。公平正义既是创新社会管理的有效途径,也是社会工作的专业价值追求,因此,社会工作的发展必将为创新社会管理注入新的活力。     

论社会工作与法律的相互影响关系

社会工作和法律都肩负着改善社会的使命。随着我国社会工作介入越来越多的案件,各种社会问题也逐渐凸显,在解决问题的过程中,社会工作者不断寻找法律作为支撑点。相关法律的制定和实施也促进了社会工作的有序进行。社会工作与法律之间关系越来越紧密。只有处理好两者间的关系,才会使两个领域得到更好更快的发展,也才能更好地改善人类社会。     

A social welfare perspective of market‐oriented social enterprises

The article analyses market‐oriented social enterprises from a social welfare perspective, within the context of the innate conflict between business and welfare orientations. After defining the concept of market‐oriented social enterprises and presenting some successful examples on such entities that employ different marginalised populations, particularly people with disabilities, the article asks three interrelated questions: (i) What policy environment is needed to encourage the development of social enterprises? (ii) Given the innate tension between the social and economic objectives in social enterprises, what structural principles are needed to enable them to meet those dual objectives? Lastly, (iii) What intervention modalities are best suited to help individual participants in those frameworks? Answers to these questions are discussed within conceptual frameworks from the worlds of welfare and business that jointly provide a base for a social welfare rationale for market‐oriented social enterprises.     

Neither individualism nor anti-individualism: The coevolution of social systems and psychic systems

Major paradigms in sociology and social sciences usually embrace either individualism or anti-individualism as fundamental worldview. This paper explores a third way between individualism and anti-individualism developed by German sociologist Niklas Luhmann in his systems theory. Luhmann treats actors or individuals as psychic systems and he distinguishes them from social systems. In a nutshell, social systems produce communication, whereas psychic systems produce consciousness. In line with anti-individualism, Luhmann therefore argues that social systems are irreducible to psychic systems and their actions. On the other hand, Luhmann joins ranks with individualism to assert that psychic systems are not rigorously constrained by social systems. Ultimately, Luhmann explains that social systems and psychic systems are part of each other's environment and that each type of systems provides the ecological conditions that the other type depends on to emerge and grow. To discuss this third way between individualism and anti-individualism, the paper examines more specifically two central points in Luhmann's theory: (1) how social systems and psychic systems are separated from each other, and (2) how social systems and psychic systems are coevolving.     

Piaget's Social Psychology

Piaget's social psychology is not widely discussed among psychologists, partly because much of it is still contained in untranslated French works. In this article I summarize the main lines of Piaget's social psychology and briefly indicate its relation to current theories in social psychology. Rejecting both Durkheim's sociological holism and Tarde's individualism, Piaget advances a sociological relativism (relationalism) in which all social facts are reducible to social relations and these, in turn, are reducible to rules, values and signs. Piaget's theory of social values takes the form of a social exchange theory characterized in an abstract logical way. Piaget claims social exchange requires normative principles of reciprocity and that individual social development results in such an equilibrium because rationality itself is social and based upon social cooperation. These views, in turn, derive from Piaget's orthogenetic views concerning the course of evolution: development can be characterized as an increase in equilibrium manifested both in individual action and in social interaction.     

社会理论的空间转向

社会理论的空间转向是社会理论的当代进展的一个重要组成部分,它沿着两条路径展开：一方面,吉登斯、布迪厄等社会理论大师在现代性架构下检视空间与社会的交互关系对于研究社会结构与社会过程的重要性;另一方面,后现代社会理论家采用一系列的地理学概念和隐喻来探索日益复杂和分化的社会世界。本文旨在系统地呈现这一转向的基本脉络。