Rape on Campus: Community Education and Services for Victims

Abstract

Rape is an issue which must be addressed by college health workers. It is prevalent on college campuses in overt and subtle forms, and requires interventions on several levels. This paper describes community and professional education and training, victim counseling and advocacy, police liaison, and medical services, all of which are provided within a context of ongoing collaboration among agencies involved.     

Expansion of Formalized In-Home Services for Japan's Aged

This article analyzes the social and political forces in Japan that led to the creation of the Gold Plan, a comprehensive national plan for formalized in-home services for the aged. The political strategies of the Gold Plan are examined from the following perspectives: (1) shifts from institutional to in-home services, (2) decentralization of in-home services policy, and (3) needs for expanding the number of in-home service workers. New nonprofit organizations called Resident- Participation Types (RPTs) are identified, which are self-help organizations to augment the delivery of in-home services to the aged. The current status of these new models for the aged are examined, using data from two different surveys conducted by the Japanese National Council of Social Welfare in 1992 and 1993. Finally, future issues regarding RTPs and in-home services for the aged and some policy recommendations are discussed.     

社会养老服务的观念嬗变——基于国家层面的政策精神

伴随着人口老龄化进程,我国养老服务的需求在日益增长,为此,政府颁布了一系列的通知、意见和规划。在这些政策背后,体现了国家对社会养老服务的认知和理念。经过对10多年来的政策梳理后发现,国家层面对社会养老服务的观念演变,经历了三个阶段,养老服务的社会福利观、养老服务的层次体系观和养老服务的社会管理观。每个阶段,国家对社会养老服务的责任主体、概念界定、服务对象、服务主体、服务内容等均有一定的规定,且愈发清晰、完整和细化。系统把握国家层面政策,有助于深入掌握政策精神,有助于政策的更好实施,有助于预见新的政策导向。     

从女总统到“联合国妇女”掌门人

Michelle Bachelet, former President of Chile （2006-2010）, on September 14, was named Under- Secretary-General for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women （UN Women） of the United Nations. UN Women, a newly created United Nations office to promote gender equality and the empowerment of women, was established on July 2 by the UN＇s General Assembly, which merged four gender entities into one. UN Women will promote the interests of women and girls across the globe. ＂Ms Bachelet brings to this critical position a history of dynamic global leadership, highly honed political skills and uncommon ability to create consensus and focus among UN agencies and many partners, in both the public and private sector,＂ UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said when he announced the appointment. ＂     

Bullying Victimization Trajectories for Sexual Minority Adolescents: Stable Victims,Desisters, and Late‐Onset Victims

Sexual minority adolescents are bullied more frequently than heterosexual peers. Research is lacking on their rates of general and sexual orientation bullying victimization. The present study identified (1) the rate, onset, and desistance of general and sexual orientation bullying victimization, (2) the rate of bullying victimization trajectories, and (3) risk and protective factors across trajectories. A life history calendar method and thematic analysis were employed with a sexual minority adolescent sample (N = 52, 14–20 y/o). General bullying began at age 5 and declined after age 12, with sexual orientation bullying increasing throughout adolescence. Late‐onset victim (34.6%) was the most common trajectory, followed by stable victim (28.9%), desister (23.1%), and nonvictim (13.5%). Differences in risk and protective factors were found across trajectories.     

Advocating for Community Services Coordination: An Empowerment Perspective for Planning AIDS Services

With the progression of the HIV pandemic and the unique challenges it brings to community-based health and social services, comprehensive service planning becomes essential for the well-being of those affected by AIDS. This article reports on an educational program using an empowerment-based community practice model in responding to the AIDS crisis. This was a service planning coordination effort tbat included compiling a comprehensive directory and profile of local services, measuring practitioner knowledge and attitudes toward working with persons affected by AIDS, and analyzing planning policies of HIV service agencies. This joint work included faculty, students, and community service providers.     

Child Sexual Abuse and Psychological Impairment in Victims: Results of an Online Study Initiated by Victims

Sexual abuse of children has been a topic of scientific investigation for the past few decades. Research in this area, however, is rarely initiated, conceptualized, and conducted by victims themselves. Apart from possibly having painted a one-sided picture of sexual abuse, this presumed dominance of nonvictims might also have marginalized victims in a research area central to their lives. This study was conducted by a victims interest group as an effort to meet the need to add victims' perspectives to our current understanding of this topic. The online survey focused on investigating victims' psychosocial impairment, which was found to be extensive. Results indicated that an intact social support system facilitates better health, especially when offered early on.     

Therapeutic Forgiveness: Developing a Model for Empowering Victims of Sexual Abuse

Forgiveness is increasingly popular in therapy as a way to facilitate healing, but there are definitional discrepancies and confusion regarding the degree to which it is conceptualized as either an interpersonal/relational or an independent/self-enhancing process. In this article forgiveness is conceptualized as an interpersonal process linked to apology or contrition on the part of the offender. Yet it is also independent. A model is described that was developed for the benefit of abuse victims whose offenders will not or cannot apologize. Using the model, victims can accomplish for themselves what would be accomplished for them through an apology.     

Family Services: A Proposed Model for Coordinating Spouse Abuse Services

ABSTRACT

This article presents a proposed model to organize spouse abuse services within communities. It proposes that family service agencies take the lead in organizing and implementing the model program. The community team would consist of representatives from agencies and disciplines that serve spouse abuse families. The community would benefit from the coordination of both the direct services to affected families and the prevention and education activities designed to eliminate spouse abuse.     

Social Relations in Enriched Housing for the Aged:

No abstract available for this article.     

Risk factors for involvement in cyber bullying: Victims, bullies and bully-victims

Objectives

The purpose of the current study was to examine the frequency of cyber bullying among youth by distinguishing among the three categories of involvement in cyber bullying: victims, bullies, and bully-victims, to compare these to a fourth category of students who are not involved in the three categories of cyber bullying and to explore the factors that contribute to involvement in cyber bullying.

Method

This study utilized a large and diverse sample of 2186 middle and high school students, who completed self report questionnaires during class time. We performed a Multinomial Logistic Regression to examine the relationship between the cyber bullying categories and our independent variables (gender, age, technology use, parental involvement and safety).

Results

Over 30% of the students in this study identified as involved in cyber bullying, as victims or perpetrators, and one in four of the students (25.7%) reported having been involved in cyber bullying as both bully and victim during the previous three months. Students who were involved in cyber bullying were more likely than others to report perpetration of violence toward peers, to use computers for more hours a day, and to give their password to friends. Other risk factors, such as gender, age and safety, were found to be specific only for one category of cyber bullying.

Conclusion

The findings revealed that students are highly involved in cyber bullying. Several unique characteristics emerged regarding the frequency and risk factors of students' involvement in cyber bullying. In traditional bullying the category of bully-victims represents the smallest and most vulnerable group of children, whereas in the current study the bully-victims category emerged as common. In addition, females were more likely than males to be bully-victims, in contrast to research on traditional bullying, in which more males than females are typically involved as bully-victims. In addition, several risk factors were common among the three groups of children, including the amount of hours per day students use the computer, and giving passwords to a friend. These results point to the need for further examination and to focus on the risk factors for students' cyber bullying involvement in each of the three categories.     

Victims or Pets?

This article addresses the issues presented in the book Dominance and Affection by Yi Fu Tuan (1984). Tuan proposes that dominance coupled with affection will create a pet and that dominance without affection will create a victim. Tuan shows how plants, gardens, women and children are all dominated at times, but under the guise of affection. These ideas are then related to male-female relationships, especially in situations of domestic violence where women are often dominated both with and without affection.