Differential Use of Informal and Formal Helping Networks Among Rural Elderly Black and White Floridians

Until recently, relatively little data has been available concerning either the minority elderly or the rural elderly. This paper presents data which examines differences between black and white rural elderly respondents with regard to their social situation as well as their use of both informal and formal support systems. The findings based on 112 interviews, suggest that there are important differences between the two groups, with implications for service delivery.     

PERCEPTION OF SENIOR CENTERS BY THE BLACK ELDERLY

This study explored the impact of the neighborhood senior center on the black elderly by determining their perception of senior centers. Three groups of black elderly were interviewed: attenders of a neighborhood senior center (n = 46), non-attenders in the same community (n = 33), and non-attenders in a comparable community without a neighborhood senior center (n = 27). A 29-item interview schedule was conducted that determined awareness of senior center activities and services. Significant differences were found among the three groups with the attenders and non-attenders in the same community having the highest level of awareness of senior center activities and services. Age, sex and marital status were not found to influence perception of senior centers. The findings suggest that the neighborhood senior center needs to be further examined as a model for serving minority elderly.     

Senior Centers

Abstract

This article explores the degree of influence of the racial and linguistic characteristics of staff and the availability of culturally diverse programs on the level of minority elder participation in senior centers. Two hundred twenty senior centers, recreation clubs, nutrition sites, and local Area Agencies of Aging in New York State were surveyed and comprise the study population. The impact of factors such as the racial/ethnic backgrounds of the senior center staff, linguistic abilities of the staff/administrators, and the availability of culturally specific programs on the level of participation among non-Caucasian elderly were evaluated. The study found that increasing the representation of minority staff and diverse programming, increases the level of participation of minority elders in senior centers. These findings provide the framework for recommendations to increase the representation of non-Caucasian staff in senior centers. Doing so will lead to a greater diversity of senior center consumers and allow senior centers to reach out to traditionally under-served populations.     

Division of Responsibility in Care of the Aged

Not all elderly people need special care. This review refers to the dependent minority and to the services they need. Brief mention is made of the history of services which began with charitable relief by voluntary action, and the current relationship between government bodies and voluntary agencies is outlined. It is maintained that division of responsibility for the various types of care should be based on assessment of individual needs, decentralization of control, together with evaluation of the resources of the agencies concerned.     

Caring for the Elderly Widowed--the Burden on their Supporters

Summary This paper examines how caring for elderly widowed people affectsthe lives of their ‘familiars’. This study is partof a larger national study on widowhood in old age carried outby the Institute for Social Studies in Medical Care. The familiarstended to be the children of the widowed, particularly theirdaughters. Children of the widowed, again often daughters, weremore likely than other familiars to suffer life restrictionsbefore and after the death because of the care and support givento the deceased and the surviving spouse. In addition to theircaring role familiars were often committed to full or part-timeemployment and most also had their own families to support.The care they provide for the elderly is not always withoutcost. The contribution towards community care given by suchinformal helpers deserves greater recognition and the social,psychological and financial costs thus incurred merit greaterrelief. As the help is needed by a minority only of such informalcarers, adoption of a policy relieving them as far as possibleof the costs they incur, would not involve intolerable financialoutlays.     

Research Review: Child and family support services with minority ethnic families: what can we learn from research?

This paper considers some of the available published research on family support services for minority ethnic families. In addressing this aspect of social work with minority ethnic families, we seek to make a contribution to the knowledge base of practitioners. The paper begins with an overview of what is known about family support services for particular minority ethnic groups, before exploring three specific areas: family centres, a home visiting service, and family group conferences. The paper finally examines what research says about the qualities sought in social workers by minority ethnic parents.     

县域经济视域下的广西少数民族文化产业化发展研究

广西是一个少数民族集聚区,有丰富多样的少数民族文化。开发少数民族文化产业,使之成为拉动县域经济发展的动力之一,是广西各级政府应该重视的一项工作。政府要与企业共同研究民族文化消费趋向,明确民族文化产品的市场定位,把少数民族文化资源优势转化为现实的产业优势和经济优势。在实施过程中还要注意营销理念,要坚持可持续发展战略,实现县域经济与少数民族文化的共赢。     

北京少数民族语言社区的历史沿革及类型特征

北京有许多少数民族社区,各少数民族社区都具有蕴涵深厚民族文化特色的语言风格,这些独具民族风格的语言便形成了特殊的北京少数民族语言社区。本文论述了北京少数民族语言社区的形成、发展及现状,并将其划分为世居的少数民族语言社区、工作单位少数民族语言社区、具有流动性的少数民族语言社区三种类型。     

‘Fighting a war alone’: reintegration of ex-offenders from ethnic minority groups

Reintegration into society is crucial for the rehabilitation of ex-offenders. However, in Hong Kong, ex-offenders from ethnic minority groups often face specific difficulties in reintegrating into society when they have completed their sentence and have been released from prisons and correctional institutions. Due to language barriers and cultural differences, as well as a sense of inferiority originating from their convictions, many ethnic minority ex-offenders are likely to experience difficulty in accessing support networks that can help in their rehabilitation, and to re-establish and sustain an identity as a law-abiding citizen, and face more barriers to reintegration than their Chinese counterparts. These barriers are further compounded by problems reintegrating into their own ethnic communities. Many ethnic minority ex-offenders have experienced isolation, stigmatization and discrimination following rejection from their own communities. This, in turn, further complicates their reintegration and can contribute to recidivism and an increase in the crime rate over time.

This paper seeks to analyse the reintegration of ethnic minority ex-offenders into their own ethnic communities using the story of a single ethnic minority ex-prisoner to learn about the lived experience of being jailed and stigmatized. This was carried out to understand the difficulties encountered during reintegration into society, and to look at ways to remove any ‘labels’ bestowed upon ex-offenders following imprisonment.

Finally, the main outcomes of this study are to identify facilitative factors for ethnic minority ex-offenders to aid their re-establishment and reintegration into society and consider possible implications for rehabilitative programmes for ethnic minority ex-offenders and crime prevention programmes for the community.     

繁荣发展广西少数民族文化事业的若干思考

少数民族文化是中华民族文化的重要组成部分。繁荣发展少数民族文化事业,是扎实推进社会主义文化强国建设的重要内容。结合党的十八大关于社会主义文化强国建设的精神,在总结党的十六大以来广西少数民族文化建设经验的基础上,联系实际,实事求是地分析制约广西少数民族文化事业发展的瓶颈问题,并对如何进一步繁荣发展广西少数民族文化事业进行了深入思考。     

Motivating Participation: The Symbolic Effects of Latino Representation on Parent School Involvement*

Objective. Decades of research suggest that parental involvement is vital for positive student academic achievement and thus one often‐proposed solution to alleviate the poor educational outcomes of minority students is to increase their parents' participation in school. Building on a psychological motivation argument, I investigate how the symbolic effects of minority representation impact minority parent involvement. Method. I test my hypotheses with original survey data from 324 Latino parents in Chicago. Results. My analysis suggests that, as hypothesized in the symbolic representation literature, Latinos in positions of power within schools send important heuristic cues to Latino parents that change their orientations to participation and ultimately manifest as increased school involvement. Conclusions. These results support education policies that attempt to increase the minority presence in schools at the administrative and governance levels, and highlight the need for greater enforcement of current diversity requirements under NCLB.     

Horizontal Hostility; Relations Between Similar Minority Groups

Two studies were conducted to examine the relations between similar minority groups. We predicted that minority group members would show horizontal hostility, a form of prejudice, against members of a similar, but more mainstream, minority group. The results of both studies confirmed this hypothesis. In Study 1, members of 3 Jewish congregations (reform, conservative, orthodox) showed prejudice against a member of a similar but slightly more secular congregation. In Study 2, members of a college varsity soccer team showed prejudice against junior varsity players. We conclude by suggesting that horizontal hostility is the result of social changes since Allport (1954) wrote The Nature of Prejudice. Members of minority groups value their minority social identity, even when the group is stigmatized. The positive value of minority social identity causes group members to look down on members of similar, more mainstream groups.     

云南少数民族法文化与生态环境的逻辑关系

云南少数民族法文化作为少数民族人们适应其依存环境的生产、生活的结晶,具有较多的生态环境保护的内容。云南少数民族法文化中蕴藏着明晰的生态保护意识,其价值与环境伦理观契合,分析云南少数民族法文化具有的规范作用和社会作用,认为云南少数民族法文化在参与维持少数民族聚居区域的生态秩序同时,为我国的生态文明建设提供了现实的范式。     

Integrating resilience and positive youth development for the promotion of positive health behaviours among ethnic minorities: a conceptual framework

Hong Kong, a traditionally ethnically homogeneous society, seems to fail encouraging positive development of ethnic minority young people. Studying resilient ethnic minority, young adults may provide insights into developing programmes and policies to encourage positive health behaviours. A pilot qualitative study of individual interviews with South Asian young minority adults was conducted to develop a conceptual framework by incorporating resilience and positive youth development. Based on the findings of this study, resilience and positive youth development contribute to young ethnic minorities’ positive health behaviours. This study may benefit culturally tailored research implications for young ethnic minorities.     

Racial and ethnic influences on real estate practices

A 1982 survey of Anglo, Black, and Hispanic real estate agents in the Denver metropolitan area suggested that race and ethnicity influence the attitudes and business practices of real estate agents. Minority real estate agents tended to gain listings from minority sellers and in areas of minority concentrations. They also have closer business relationships with other agents of the same minority group. One possible indicator of their integration into the dominant community, however, is the finding that minority agents were more likely to select personal residences in non- minority neighborhoods.     

Valuing Diversity and Interest in Intergroup Contact

The present research examines ways in which valuing diversity relates to interest in intergroup contact among members of minority and majority status groups. Using open-ended responses, Study 1 reveals that ethnic minority group members are less likely to perceive that diversity is valued than ethnic majority group members, yet those who perceive that diversity is valued tend to express greater interest in intergroup contact. Surveys of Black and White respondents (Study 2) and ethnic minority and majority respondents (Study 3) indicate similar trends. Moreover, these studies consistently show that valuing diversity uniquely predicts interest in intergroup contact among majority group members, whereas perceiving that outgroup members value diversity predicts interest in intergroup contact among minority group members. Implications of these findings for understanding the role of diversity in intergroup relations, and reformulating aspects of intergroup contact theory, are discussed.     

试论黑龙江省地方文献资源建设

黑龙江是我国的边疆省份 ,又是少数民族较多的省份 ,其地方文献资源的建设与开发 ,对我国的民族研究和东北疆域研究具有重要的参考价值。针对目前这一资源建设整体布局失衡、结构不甚合理、缺少系统性与整合性、采集方式单一、评估体系尚不完善的现状 ,应发挥领导机构的重要作用 ,构建完整的工作体系 ,培养高水平的工作队伍 ,同时 ,应将历史文献、少数民族文献、特种文献作为开发建设的重点     

Pathways to adoption for minority ethnic children in England – reasons for entry to care

There have been concerns about the over‐representation of minority ethnic children in care in England for many years. This paper reports on the reasons why a sample of 120 minority ethnic children with adoption recommendations entered care. The study found no evidence that children were being removed unfairly or in a discriminatory way. However, there were significant differences by ethnic group in the characteristics of children and their mothers, in reasons for entry and in age at referral. These differences needed to be better understood, and interventions targeted at improving the circumstances and stresses within families that lead to abuse, neglect or relinquishment are also needed. Simply focusing on reducing the number of minority ethnic children in care will not in itself produce better outcomes for children.     

宪法宽容精神下的少数人权利保护研究

宪法发展的历史表明,人权可能在民主的名义下遭受到严重的侵害,多数决定的民主原则本身就隐含着对少数人权利的现实危害可能性。为了使社会的每个成员都能切实享受到基本权利带来的利益,不仅要保护绝大多数人的基本权利,也要保护少数人的基本权利。而要实现这一目标,必须践行宪法宽容的精神。现代宪法所体现的宽容精神是少数人权利保障的伦理基础,宪法文本的规定是少数人权利保障的法制前提,而少数人权利保障则是法治国家实现宽容的必然要求。